2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解沖刺練習(xí)題及解析4

　　Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in theirnewspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known asthe journalism credibility project. 　　Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant. 　　But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learnto see the world through a set of standard templates into which theyplug each day s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line inthe newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news. 　　There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalistsand their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaireswere sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus onelarge metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions. 　　Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists aremore likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, andtrade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, orput down roots in a community. 　　Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and culturalelite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn t rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters andtheir readers. 　　This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly adeclining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whoseattitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and acredibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. Ifit did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on raceand gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class. 　　29. What is the passage mainly about? 　　[A]Needs of the readers all over the world 　　[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers 　　[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry 　　[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project 　　30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be . 　　[A]quite trustworthy 　　[B]somewhat contradictory 　　[C]very illuminating 　　[D]rather superficial 　　31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _________. 　　[A]working attitude 　　[B]conventional lifestyle 　　[C]world outlook 　　[D]educational background 　　32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its_________. 　　[A]failure to realize its real problem 　　[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 　　[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 　　[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 　　名師解析 　　29. What is the passage mainly about? 本文主要講的是什么? 　　[A]Needs of the readers all over the world. 全世界讀者的需要。 　　[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. 造成公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的原因。 　　[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry. 資訊業(yè)衰敗的根源。 　　[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project. 資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】文章主旨題。 　　【分析】文章的第一句就提出了本文旨在說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題為什么那么多的美國(guó)人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上讀到的內(nèi)容呢?從第二段、第三段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，作者都在試圖尋找造成公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的一個(gè)真正的根本性的原因。因此可以判斷 [B] 為正確答案。 [A] 不正確，是因?yàn)樗鼉H僅是資訊界的調(diào)查項(xiàng)目得到的一個(gè)結(jié)果而已。 [C] 和 [A] 相比較，還是 [A] 來(lái)得比較確切。 [C] 已經(jīng)從文章主旨引申到別的項(xiàng)目上去了。 [D] 僅僅是為了查明原因而進(jìn)行的一個(gè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目而已。 　　30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be . 　　資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果是。 　　[A]quite trustworthy 相當(dāng)可信 　　[B]somewhat contradictory 有點(diǎn)矛盾 　　[C]very illuminating 非常有啟發(fā)性 　　[D]rather superficial 相當(dāng)膚淺 　　【答案】 D 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】根據(jù)本題題干可以定位到第二段，文中指出該項(xiàng)目最終所發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因大都是資訊報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，以及許多關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么令人撓頭的困惑，在作者看來(lái)，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)大都是低級(jí)的 ，而真正的原因沒(méi)有這么表面 go waydeeper 。因此可以判定是答案是 [D] 選項(xiàng)。 　　31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _____. 　　作者描述的資訊記者的基本問(wèn)題存在于他們的 _____ 。 　　[A]working attitude 工作態(tài)度 　　[B]conventional lifestyle 傳統(tǒng)的生活方式 　　[C]world outlook 世界觀 　　[D]educational background 教育背景 　　【答案】 C 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】文章的解題點(diǎn)在文章的倒數(shù)第二段中對(duì)資訊媒體的這種令人震驚的不信任的根源不在于報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而在于記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞這句話。也就是說(shuō)，作者的基本問(wèn)題是世界觀的問(wèn)題。另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不是最基本的問(wèn)題。 　　32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its _________. 　　盡管很努力，資訊行業(yè)仍然不能滿足讀者的需要是因?yàn)槠?_______ 。 　　[A]failure to realize its real problem 不能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到真正的問(wèn)題 　　[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 傾向于雇傭那些惱人的記者 　　[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 可能作出不準(zhǔn)確的報(bào)道 　　[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 在種族和性別方面的歧視 　　【答案】 A 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】本題的解題點(diǎn)可以確定到最后一段。文中說(shuō)他們又舉辦許多研討會(huì)，搞什么可信度項(xiàng)目，試圖了解讀者為什么對(duì)他們不滿意，為什么大量流失。但是，對(duì)于那么多原來(lái)的顧客所不滿的文化和階級(jí)偏見，他們似乎就是沒(méi)有看見。由此我們可以看出，真正的原因是他們不能夠意識(shí)到真正的問(wèn)題所在，因此正確答案是 [A] 。 　　難句解析： 　　1. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干是 thisproject has turned out to befindings ， mostly low-level 是findings 的定語(yǔ)。 aboutfactual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes 是介賓短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world thosereaders really want 是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其中 aboutwhat in the world those readers really want 是puzzlement 的定語(yǔ)。 　　2. There exists a social and cultural disconnect betweenjournalists and their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroomseem alien to many readers. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】主句是 there+ 系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，該詞指代前面一句話。而在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 whichhelps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to manyreaders 中，又出現(xiàn)一個(gè) why 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 　　3. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focusednarrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly byoutlook, values, education, and class. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句中， it 代表上文提到的 a troubled business ，即備受困擾的資訊界。 now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入語(yǔ)，也是修飾 program 的定語(yǔ)。后面有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ) wouldopen up 和 look for 。這里需要注意的就是一個(gè)意思上的問(wèn)題，那就是雖然報(bào)業(yè)也有多樣性項(xiàng)目，招收不同的人當(dāng)記者，但是這樣的多樣性僅僅局限于性別和種族，而報(bào)業(yè)需要多招收那些具有不同的人生觀、教育以及來(lái)自于不同階級(jí)的人。 　　全文翻譯： 　　為什么那么多美國(guó)人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上所讀的東西?美國(guó)資訊編輯協(xié)會(huì)正試圖回答這個(gè)令人痛苦的問(wèn)題。該組織正在深入開展一個(gè)名為資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)期自我剖析工程。 　　遺憾的是，這次項(xiàng)目只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如資訊報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，以及許多關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么這樣的令人撓頭的困惑。 　　但這種不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)資訊記者都學(xué)會(huì)用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界，并把每天發(fā)生的事件套入這種模式。換言之，在資訊采編室文化中存在著一套慣常的寫作套路，為紛繁復(fù)雜的資訊報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主干框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　資訊記者和讀者之間存在著社會(huì)和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這有助于解釋為什么資訊采編室的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式讓眾多讀者看上去很陌生的原因。在最近一次調(diào)查中，問(wèn)卷被送到了全國(guó)五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中，然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話，詢問(wèn)他們同樣的問(wèn)題。 　　人們的回答表明，與其他美國(guó)人相比，資訊記者更有可能居住在高級(jí)社區(qū)，有女傭，有奔馳車，炒股，而去教堂，參加自愿服務(wù)，扎根某個(gè)社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。 　　記者們往往屬于廣義的社會(huì)文化精英的一個(gè)部分，因此他們的工作往往反映了這些精英傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀。對(duì)資訊媒體的這種令人震驚的不信任的根源不在于報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而在于記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。 　　這對(duì)任何一個(gè)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都算是爆炸性的形勢(shì)，對(duì)于一個(gè)正在衰落的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。這是一個(gè)備受困擾的行業(yè)，偏偏不停雇用那些因?yàn)槠鋺B(tài)度而極大惹惱客戶的員工。然后它又出資組織許多研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目，去探究為什么顧客們發(fā)火了，為什么會(huì)有那么多顧客流失了。但它似乎從來(lái)就沒(méi)有時(shí)間去注意那么多老顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。如果它能注意這個(gè)問(wèn)題的話，就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目 ，進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層各不相同的各種記者。

　　Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in theirnewspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer thispainful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known asthe journalism credibility project. 　　Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant. 　　But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learnto see the world through a set of standard templates into which theyplug each day s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line inthe newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news. 　　There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalistsand their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaireswere sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus onelarge metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions. 　　Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists aremore likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, andtrade stocks, and they re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, orput down roots in a community. 　　Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and culturalelite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn t rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters andtheir readers. 　　This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly adeclining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whoseattitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and acredibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. Ifit did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on raceand gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class. 　　29. What is the passage mainly about? 　　[A]Needs of the readers all over the world 　　[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers 　　[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry 　　[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project 　　30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be . 　　[A]quite trustworthy 　　[B]somewhat contradictory 　　[C]very illuminating 　　[D]rather superficial 　　31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _________. 　　[A]working attitude 　　[B]conventional lifestyle 　　[C]world outlook 　　[D]educational background 　　32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its_________. 　　[A]failure to realize its real problem 　　[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 　　[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 　　[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 　　名師解析 　　29. What is the passage mainly about? 本文主要講的是什么? 　　[A]Needs of the readers all over the world. 全世界讀者的需要。 　　[B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. 造成公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的原因。 　　[C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry. 資訊業(yè)衰敗的根源。 　　[D]Aims of a journalism credibility project. 資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)。 　　【答案】 B 　　【考點(diǎn)】文章主旨題。 　　【分析】文章的第一句就提出了本文旨在說(shuō)明的問(wèn)題為什么那么多的美國(guó)人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上讀到的內(nèi)容呢?從第二段、第三段的內(nèi)容來(lái)看，作者都在試圖尋找造成公眾對(duì)報(bào)紙失望的一個(gè)真正的根本性的原因。因此可以判斷 [B] 為正確答案。 [A] 不正確，是因?yàn)樗鼉H僅是資訊界的調(diào)查項(xiàng)目得到的一個(gè)結(jié)果而已。 [C] 和 [A] 相比較，還是 [A] 來(lái)得比較確切。 [C] 已經(jīng)從文章主旨引申到別的項(xiàng)目上去了。 [D] 僅僅是為了查明原因而進(jìn)行的一個(gè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目而已。 　　30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned outto be . 　　資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果是。 　　[A]quite trustworthy 相當(dāng)可信 　　[B]somewhat contradictory 有點(diǎn)矛盾 　　[C]very illuminating 非常有啟發(fā)性 　　[D]rather superficial 相當(dāng)膚淺 　　【答案】 D 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】根據(jù)本題題干可以定位到第二段，文中指出該項(xiàng)目最終所發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因大都是資訊報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，以及許多關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么令人撓頭的困惑，在作者看來(lái)，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)大都是低級(jí)的 ，而真正的原因沒(méi)有這么表面 go waydeeper 。因此可以判定是答案是 [D] 選項(xiàng)。 　　31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _____. 　　作者描述的資訊記者的基本問(wèn)題存在于他們的 _____ 。 　　[A]working attitude 工作態(tài)度 　　[B]conventional lifestyle 傳統(tǒng)的生活方式 　　[C]world outlook 世界觀 　　[D]educational background 教育背景 　　【答案】 C 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】文章的解題點(diǎn)在文章的倒數(shù)第二段中對(duì)資訊媒體的這種令人震驚的不信任的根源不在于報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而在于記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞這句話。也就是說(shuō)，作者的基本問(wèn)題是世界觀的問(wèn)題。另外三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都不是最基本的問(wèn)題。 　　32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its _________. 　　盡管很努力，資訊行業(yè)仍然不能滿足讀者的需要是因?yàn)槠?_______ 。 　　[A]failure to realize its real problem 不能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到真正的問(wèn)題 　　[B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 傾向于雇傭那些惱人的記者 　　[C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting 可能作出不準(zhǔn)確的報(bào)道 　　[D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 在種族和性別方面的歧視 　　【答案】 A 　　【考點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 　　【分析】本題的解題點(diǎn)可以確定到最后一段。文中說(shuō)他們又舉辦許多研討會(huì)，搞什么可信度項(xiàng)目，試圖了解讀者為什么對(duì)他們不滿意，為什么大量流失。但是，對(duì)于那么多原來(lái)的顧客所不滿的文化和階級(jí)偏見，他們似乎就是沒(méi)有看見。由此我們可以看出，真正的原因是他們不能夠意識(shí)到真正的問(wèn)題所在，因此正確答案是 [A] 。 　　難句解析： 　　1. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句主干是 thisproject has turned out to befindings ， mostly low-level 是findings 的定語(yǔ)。 aboutfactual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes 是介賓短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world thosereaders really want 是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，其中 aboutwhat in the world those readers really want 是puzzlement 的定語(yǔ)。 　　2. There exists a social and cultural disconnect betweenjournalists and their readers, which helps explain why the standard templates of the newsroomseem alien to many readers. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】主句是 there+ 系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 which 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，該詞指代前面一句話。而在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 whichhelps explain why the standard templates of the newsroom seem alien to manyreaders 中，又出現(xiàn)一個(gè) why 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 　　3. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focusednarrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly byoutlook, values, education, and class. 　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句中， it 代表上文提到的 a troubled business ，即備受困擾的資訊界。 now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入語(yǔ)，也是修飾 program 的定語(yǔ)。后面有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ) wouldopen up 和 look for 。這里需要注意的就是一個(gè)意思上的問(wèn)題，那就是雖然報(bào)業(yè)也有多樣性項(xiàng)目，招收不同的人當(dāng)記者，但是這樣的多樣性僅僅局限于性別和種族，而報(bào)業(yè)需要多招收那些具有不同的人生觀、教育以及來(lái)自于不同階級(jí)的人。 　　全文翻譯： 　　為什么那么多美國(guó)人不相信自己在報(bào)紙上所讀的東西?美國(guó)資訊編輯協(xié)會(huì)正試圖回答這個(gè)令人痛苦的問(wèn)題。該組織正在深入開展一個(gè)名為資訊可信度項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)期自我剖析工程。 　　遺憾的是，這次項(xiàng)目只獲得了一些膚淺的發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如資訊報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤，拼寫或語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，以及許多關(guān)于讀者到底想讀些什么這樣的令人撓頭的困惑。 　　但這種不信任有更深刻的根源。多數(shù)資訊記者都學(xué)會(huì)用一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式去看待世界，并把每天發(fā)生的事件套入這種模式。換言之，在資訊采編室文化中存在著一套慣常的寫作套路，為紛繁復(fù)雜的資訊報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主干框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。 　　資訊記者和讀者之間存在著社會(huì)和文化方面的脫節(jié)，這有助于解釋為什么資訊采編室的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式讓眾多讀者看上去很陌生的原因。在最近一次調(diào)查中，問(wèn)卷被送到了全國(guó)五座中等城市及一座大都市的記者手中，然后隨機(jī)地給這些城市的居民打電話，詢問(wèn)他們同樣的問(wèn)題。 　　人們的回答表明，與其他美國(guó)人相比，資訊記者更有可能居住在高級(jí)社區(qū)，有女傭，有奔馳車，炒股，而去教堂，參加自愿服務(wù)，扎根某個(gè)社區(qū)的可能性卻很小。 　　記者們往往屬于廣義的社會(huì)文化精英的一個(gè)部分，因此他們的工作往往反映了這些精英傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀。對(duì)資訊媒體的這種令人震驚的不信任的根源不在于報(bào)道失實(shí)或低下的報(bào)道技巧，而在于記者與讀者的世界觀每天都發(fā)生著碰撞。 　　這對(duì)任何一個(gè)工業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都算是爆炸性的形勢(shì)，對(duì)于一個(gè)正在衰落的行業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)尤其如此。這是一個(gè)備受困擾的行業(yè)，偏偏不停雇用那些因?yàn)槠鋺B(tài)度而極大惹惱客戶的員工。然后它又出資組織許多研討會(huì)和可信度調(diào)查項(xiàng)目，去探究為什么顧客們發(fā)火了，為什么會(huì)有那么多顧客流失了。但它似乎從來(lái)就沒(méi)有時(shí)間去注意那么多老顧客所抱怨的文化和階級(jí)偏見。如果它能注意這個(gè)問(wèn)題的話，就應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步開放其多樣化項(xiàng)目 ，進(jìn)一步尋找那些世界觀、價(jià)值觀、教育水平和社會(huì)階層各不相同的各種記者。