2023考研英語閱讀航空業(yè)飛向未來

　　Aviation Flight to the future

　　航空業(yè) 飛向未來

　　Modernising creaking air-traffic systems will be a huge task

　　實(shí)現(xiàn)老化的航空系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)代化是一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)

　　THESE days a $15,000 car comes with GPS satellite navigation fitted as standard.

　　目前，一輛價(jià)值一萬五千美元的轎車配有GPS導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，才被認(rèn)為達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　But a $150m airliner still has to be guided through the skies by spoken instructions from abloke with a radio in a control tower.

　　但是一輛價(jià)值一億五千萬美元的客機(jī)在航行時(shí)依然是通過指揮塔臺(tái)上的人員通過廣播進(jìn)行操控。

　　That is because air-traffic management systems are stuck in the 1950s.

　　這是因?yàn)榭罩薪煌ü芾硐到y(tǒng)還是上個(gè)世紀(jì)50年代的。

　　Instead of flying straight, planes must zigzag from one ground beacon to the next, andascend and descend in steps, at each stage obtaining permission from the ground.

　　客機(jī)必須曲折地從一個(gè)信號(hào)站飛到下一個(gè)，而不是直線飛行;每一步上升或下降都需要得到地面的許可。

　　The controllers radar only shows planes approximate positions, so they must space themwell apart.

　　空管員的雷達(dá)只能顯示出飛機(jī)的大概位置，好讓兩架飛機(jī)之間有足夠的距離。

　　All this wastes fuel and causes congestion and delays.

　　這些舉動(dòng)都要浪費(fèi)燃料，并造成擁堵和延誤。

　　The average flight in European airspace is 50km longer than it need be.

　　在歐洲領(lǐng)空，平均飛行距離比實(shí)際所需長50公里。

　　So the world s aviation authorities are seeking to modernise the whole system, streamliningthe routing of flights and providing much more real-time information to pilots and controllers.

　　因此，世界航空管理部門都在嘗試使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，讓航空路線效率更高，并向飛行員和空管員提供更多的實(shí)時(shí)信息。

　　This could lead to huge orders for electronics firms, which is why, in his recent jobs speech,President Barack Obama called for $1 billion of extra cash to speed up America sATM-modernisation project, NextGen.

　　這可能會(huì)給電子公司帶來大量的訂單，也就是為什么巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在最近的講話中，呼吁給美國的ATM現(xiàn)代化工程 新世代 增加10億美元的額外投入。

　　A study by consultants from McKinsey of Europe s equivalent project, SESAR, finds that itscosts should be dwarfed by the fuel savings and the economic boost from squeezing moreflights into Europe s busy skies.

　　麥卡錫在歐洲的分公司也開展了同樣的名為SESAR的項(xiàng)目，其顧問進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)研，發(fā)現(xiàn)讓原本擁擠的航線塞進(jìn)更多的航班會(huì)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益激增，這樣航空設(shè)備更新?lián)Q代的花費(fèi)與燃料節(jié)約出的費(fèi)用就顯得微不足道了。

　　America stands to make similar gains.

　　美國也準(zhǔn)備通過相同的方法獲益。

　　It is in everyone s interest to invest in modernisation, but the airlines are wary: severaltimes in recent history they have bought expensive kit only to find they cannot use it becausecontrollers have failed to upgrade their equipment to match.

　　投資現(xiàn)代化是每個(gè)人的利益所在，但是各大航空公司卻十分謹(jǐn)慎，客機(jī)上裝配了昂貴的元件卻無法使用，因?yàn)榭展軉T無法更新設(shè)備去匹配，這種情況近年來時(shí)有發(fā)生。

　　These sorts of ambitious projects to introduce new technology, with countless participants,are prone to cock-ups.

　　這種充滿抱負(fù)的項(xiàng)目旨在引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，擁有大量的參與人員，但往往都會(huì)陷入混亂。

　　Those involved in ATM modernisation want to avoid what happened when mobile-phonestandards were set, with different countries ending up with incompatible systems.

　　參與ATM現(xiàn)代化的人們希望避免移動(dòng)電話標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定時(shí)出現(xiàn)的情況，也就是不同的國家最終都開發(fā)了互不兼容的系統(tǒng)。

　　To guard against that risk, the UN s International Civil Aviation Organisation has justheld a summit in Montreal, at which it divided the long list of ATM modernisation projectsinto manageable chunks, on which the world s aviation authorities will try to agreestandards, one at a time.

　　為了規(guī)避這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，聯(lián)合國國際民用航空組織前不久在蒙特利爾召開了峰會(huì)，將長長的ATM現(xiàn)代化項(xiàng)目名單分成了幾個(gè)可操作的版塊，這樣，世界航空主管部門就能盡量循序漸進(jìn)地統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　The process has started well, though developing countries are said to worry about richcountries imposing costly programmes on them.

　　盡管據(jù)說發(fā)展中國家擔(dān)心發(fā)達(dá)國家會(huì)將高價(jià)的項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)加到自己身上，但這個(gè)進(jìn)程還算開端良好。

　　Agreeing on technical standards will be difficult enough. Harder still, says Nancy Graham, anICAO official, will be paying for it all.

　　統(tǒng)一技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)夠困難的了，但據(jù)ICAO官員南希?格雷漢姆稱，更困難的是這一切要付出的代價(jià)。

　　Aviation Flight to the future

　　航空業(yè) 飛向未來

　　Modernising creaking air-traffic systems will be a huge task

　　實(shí)現(xiàn)老化的航空系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)代化是一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)

　　THESE days a $15,000 car comes with GPS satellite navigation fitted as standard.

　　目前，一輛價(jià)值一萬五千美元的轎車配有GPS導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，才被認(rèn)為達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　But a $150m airliner still has to be guided through the skies by spoken instructions from abloke with a radio in a control tower.

　　但是一輛價(jià)值一億五千萬美元的客機(jī)在航行時(shí)依然是通過指揮塔臺(tái)上的人員通過廣播進(jìn)行操控。

　　That is because air-traffic management systems are stuck in the 1950s.

　　這是因?yàn)榭罩薪煌ü芾硐到y(tǒng)還是上個(gè)世紀(jì)50年代的。

　　Instead of flying straight, planes must zigzag from one ground beacon to the next, andascend and descend in steps, at each stage obtaining permission from the ground.

　　客機(jī)必須曲折地從一個(gè)信號(hào)站飛到下一個(gè)，而不是直線飛行;每一步上升或下降都需要得到地面的許可。

　　The controllers radar only shows planes approximate positions, so they must space themwell apart.

　　空管員的雷達(dá)只能顯示出飛機(jī)的大概位置，好讓兩架飛機(jī)之間有足夠的距離。

　　All this wastes fuel and causes congestion and delays.

　　這些舉動(dòng)都要浪費(fèi)燃料，并造成擁堵和延誤。

　　The average flight in European airspace is 50km longer than it need be.

　　在歐洲領(lǐng)空，平均飛行距離比實(shí)際所需長50公里。

　　So the world s aviation authorities are seeking to modernise the whole system, streamliningthe routing of flights and providing much more real-time information to pilots and controllers.

　　因此，世界航空管理部門都在嘗試使整個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，讓航空路線效率更高，并向飛行員和空管員提供更多的實(shí)時(shí)信息。

　　This could lead to huge orders for electronics firms, which is why, in his recent jobs speech,President Barack Obama called for $1 billion of extra cash to speed up America sATM-modernisation project, NextGen.

　　這可能會(huì)給電子公司帶來大量的訂單，也就是為什么巴拉克?奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在最近的講話中，呼吁給美國的ATM現(xiàn)代化工程 新世代 增加10億美元的額外投入。

　　A study by consultants from McKinsey of Europe s equivalent project, SESAR, finds that itscosts should be dwarfed by the fuel savings and the economic boost from squeezing moreflights into Europe s busy skies.

　　麥卡錫在歐洲的分公司也開展了同樣的名為SESAR的項(xiàng)目，其顧問進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)研，發(fā)現(xiàn)讓原本擁擠的航線塞進(jìn)更多的航班會(huì)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)利益激增，這樣航空設(shè)備更新?lián)Q代的花費(fèi)與燃料節(jié)約出的費(fèi)用就顯得微不足道了。

　　America stands to make similar gains.

　　美國也準(zhǔn)備通過相同的方法獲益。

　　It is in everyone s interest to invest in modernisation, but the airlines are wary: severaltimes in recent history they have bought expensive kit only to find they cannot use it becausecontrollers have failed to upgrade their equipment to match.

　　投資現(xiàn)代化是每個(gè)人的利益所在，但是各大航空公司卻十分謹(jǐn)慎，客機(jī)上裝配了昂貴的元件卻無法使用，因?yàn)榭展軉T無法更新設(shè)備去匹配，這種情況近年來時(shí)有發(fā)生。

　　These sorts of ambitious projects to introduce new technology, with countless participants,are prone to cock-ups.

　　這種充滿抱負(fù)的項(xiàng)目旨在引進(jìn)新技術(shù)，擁有大量的參與人員，但往往都會(huì)陷入混亂。

　　Those involved in ATM modernisation want to avoid what happened when mobile-phonestandards were set, with different countries ending up with incompatible systems.

　　參與ATM現(xiàn)代化的人們希望避免移動(dòng)電話標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確定時(shí)出現(xiàn)的情況，也就是不同的國家最終都開發(fā)了互不兼容的系統(tǒng)。

　　To guard against that risk, the UN s International Civil Aviation Organisation has justheld a summit in Montreal, at which it divided the long list of ATM modernisation projectsinto manageable chunks, on which the world s aviation authorities will try to agreestandards, one at a time.

　　為了規(guī)避這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，聯(lián)合國國際民用航空組織前不久在蒙特利爾召開了峰會(huì)，將長長的ATM現(xiàn)代化項(xiàng)目名單分成了幾個(gè)可操作的版塊，這樣，世界航空主管部門就能盡量循序漸進(jìn)地統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　The process has started well, though developing countries are said to worry about richcountries imposing costly programmes on them.

　　盡管據(jù)說發(fā)展中國家擔(dān)心發(fā)達(dá)國家會(huì)將高價(jià)的項(xiàng)目強(qiáng)加到自己身上，但這個(gè)進(jìn)程還算開端良好。

　　Agreeing on technical standards will be difficult enough. Harder still, says Nancy Graham, anICAO official, will be paying for it all.

　　統(tǒng)一技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)夠困難的了，但據(jù)ICAO官員南希?格雷漢姆稱，更困難的是這一切要付出的代價(jià)。