四級英語考試閱讀指導(dǎo)（一）

　　略讀，指的是快速瀏覽全文的閱讀方法。略讀的對象是文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的段首句和結(jié)尾句。文章內(nèi)容的概括性陳述一般都在這些位置。

　　略讀的目的是：了解文章的主題;對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個整體概念;對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象;對文章主旨做出判斷。

　　對快速閱讀而言，略讀最重要的意義在于對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略印象，以方便在尋讀的迅速確定答案所在的部分或段落。

　　① 有小標題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于有小標題的文章，把握開頭或結(jié)尾部分就把握住了文章的主題與寫作目的。小標題相當于段落的主題句，把握住小標題就把握住了文章的主要內(nèi)容。這些小標題在尋讀時也顯得格外重要，從題干中的定位信息可以快速找到相關(guān)的小標題，再在小標題下的內(nèi)容中查找就可以了。這對于提高作題速度非常有幫助。

　　【真題示例1】

　　.5.Protect your references.

　　If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.There s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references..

　　Q:To protect your references,you should not post online their _______

　　【解析】name and contact information / private contact information。根據(jù)題干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小標題5下的內(nèi)容。本段講述的主要是是如何來保護自己的證明人。段中說的主要內(nèi)容就是要把聯(lián)系人的姓名和聯(lián)系方式從網(wǎng)上拿下來

　　【真題示例2】

　　原文的幾個小標題為： How Much Trash Is Generated;How Is Trash Disposed of ;What Is a Landfill;Proposing the landfill;Building the Landfill;What Happens to Trash in a Landfill;How Is a Landfill Operated

　　Q:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.

　　【解析】選Y。看文章的標題可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋場的建設(shè)與使用。所以題干正確.

　　② 無小標題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于沒有小標題的文章，需要把握文章開頭或結(jié)尾部分來把握文章的主題與寫作目的。更重要的是瀏覽每段的段首和段尾，對每一段的主題和內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象。建議考生在瀏覽時將本段的主題詞用筆圈出。這些主題詞將起到小標題的作用。

　　【真題示例】

　　.Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads

　　Q: In spite of safety considerations ,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads.

　　【解析】選N。本段講的是告訴公路的安全問題，death rate是其中的一個關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到這一段，再根據(jù)句中存在的比較關(guān)系再具體定位到段落的末尾處。原文說： 高速公路上的車禍死亡碧綠是其他路面上的一半 。所以題干說： 高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高 是錯誤的。

　　即講即練

　　In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave a year,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses.

　　For most people,work is a significant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25% of our adult lives owrking. While work can provide us with purpose, satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power,the workplace can also be a setting of stress and worry.

　　What is work-ralated stress?

　　Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be a postive factor, helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure, and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a fight of flight response to demanding situations. However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce a range of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as work-related stress .

　　There is no single cause of work-ralated stress. While stress can be triggered by sudden, unexpected pressures, it is often the result of a combination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment.Most work-related stress is related to management of work, relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work.

　　The experience of stress is different for every person. Some people are affected mor than others, so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful for another. It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.

　　It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether, so it is important to learn how to manage stress. There are a number of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress.

　　Changes at work

　　If work-related stress is affecting you, it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible. One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively. Prioritize tasks. Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work.

　　Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply. This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles. Simply ensuring you get outside for a walk during your lunch break can be helpful.

　　It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most. Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations. Perhaps you need to be more assertive, or you need to learn to take a step back in tricky situations. It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help. But sometimes, support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work.

　　If you find talking about your concerns difficult, it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific. Try to remember that it is in everybody s interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible.

　　略讀，指的是快速瀏覽全文的閱讀方法。略讀的對象是文章的開始段、結(jié)束段、每段的段首句和結(jié)尾句。文章內(nèi)容的概括性陳述一般都在這些位置。

　　略讀的目的是：了解文章的主題;對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)獲得一個整體概念;對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象;對文章主旨做出判斷。

　　對快速閱讀而言，略讀最重要的意義在于對各部分的內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略印象，以方便在尋讀的迅速確定答案所在的部分或段落。

　　① 有小標題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于有小標題的文章，把握開頭或結(jié)尾部分就把握住了文章的主題與寫作目的。小標題相當于段落的主題句，把握住小標題就把握住了文章的主要內(nèi)容。這些小標題在尋讀時也顯得格外重要，從題干中的定位信息可以快速找到相關(guān)的小標題，再在小標題下的內(nèi)容中查找就可以了。這對于提高作題速度非常有幫助。

　　【真題示例1】

　　.5.Protect your references.

　　If your resume contains a section with the names and contact information of your references,take it out.There s no sense in safeguarding your information while sharing private contact information of your references..

　　Q:To protect your references,you should not post online their _______

　　【解析】name and contact information / private contact information。根據(jù)題干中的protect your references可以快速定位到小標題5下的內(nèi)容。本段講述的主要是是如何來保護自己的證明人。段中說的主要內(nèi)容就是要把聯(lián)系人的姓名和聯(lián)系方式從網(wǎng)上拿下來

　　【真題示例2】

　　原文的幾個小標題為： How Much Trash Is Generated;How Is Trash Disposed of ;What Is a Landfill;Proposing the landfill;Building the Landfill;What Happens to Trash in a Landfill;How Is a Landfill Operated

　　Q:The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.

　　【解析】選Y。看文章的標題可知道全文主要描述的是垃圾填埋場的建設(shè)與使用。所以題干正確.

　　② 無小標題的文章

　　解題技巧 對于沒有小標題的文章，需要把握文章開頭或結(jié)尾部分來把握文章的主題與寫作目的。更重要的是瀏覽每段的段首和段尾，對每一段的主題和內(nèi)容獲得一個粗略的印象。建議考生在瀏覽時將本段的主題詞用筆圈出。這些主題詞將起到小標題的作用。

　　【真題示例】

　　.Today,the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S.with Canada and Mexico.Built with safety in mind,the highways have wide lanes and shoulders,dividing medians or barriers,long entry and exit lanes,curves engineered for safe turns,and limited access.The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S.roads

　　Q: In spite of safety considerations ,the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of ther American roads.

　　【解析】選N。本段講的是告訴公路的安全問題，death rate是其中的一個關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位到這一段，再根據(jù)句中存在的比較關(guān)系再具體定位到段落的末尾處。原文說： 高速公路上的車禍死亡碧綠是其他路面上的一半 。所以題干說： 高速公路上的事故死亡率比其他路面上的高 是錯誤的。

　　即講即練

　　In the UK it is estimated that work-related stress is responsible for six million days of sick leave a year,with stress being linked to many minor and major illnesses.

　　For most people,work is a significant and meaningful part of life with the majority of us spending aroun 25% of our adult lives owrking. While work can provide us with purpose, satistaction,sell-esteem and spending power,the workplace can also be a setting of stress and worry.

　　What is work-ralated stress?

　　Everyone is under some pressure in the workplace.Some external pressures can be a postive factor, helping us to be more productive.Some people actually thrive under short-term added pressure, and our bodies are designed to meet these short-term demands.Hormones are released to prepare us for a fight of flight response to demanding situations. However,excessive and prolonged stress can produce a range of physical and emotional health problems which have come to be grouped as work-related stress .

　　There is no single cause of work-ralated stress. While stress can be triggered by sudden, unexpected pressures, it is often the result of a combination of stressful factors which accumulate over time.Some people can become so used to the symptoms of excessive stress that it goes unnoticed to their detriment.Most work-related stress is related to management of work, relationships at work,organizational set-up and whether you feel you have power and control in your work.

　　The experience of stress is different for every person. Some people are affected mor than others, so what is stressful for ome person may not be stressful for another. It can depend on your personality type and on how you have learned to respond to pressure.

　　It is impossible to escape pressure at work altogether, so it is important to learn how to manage stress. There are a number of ways in which you can reduce the negative impact of stress.

　　Changes at work

　　If work-related stress is affecting you, it is important to deal with the problem as soon as possible. One of the most important factors in reducing stress levels is managing time effectively. Prioritize tasks. Completing one task before going on to the next will help you to feel more in control of work.

　　Make time to relax at work by stretching and breathing deeply. This will help you to keep focused and prevent tired muscles. Simply ensuring you get outside for a walk during your lunch break can be helpful.

　　It is helpful to identify which situations stress you most. Practice how you could behave differently in tricky situations. Perhaps you need to be more assertive, or you need to learn to take a step back in tricky situations. It can seem hard to confront the causes of workplace stress and to ask for help. But sometimes, support and advice from your line manager or human resources department is necessary to help you deal with difficulties at work.

　　If you find talking about your concerns difficult, it may help to make notes to bring along to the work interview with you.Make these clear and specific. Try to remember that it is in everybody s interest that the workplace is as stress-free as possible.