四級考試閱讀備考筆記（65）

　　Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

　　注：1.opposing 相反的

　　2.插入語 from warm praise to cold cash 用來解釋 external rewards

　　3.argue 認為

　　4.maintain 認為，維持

　　●對比型文章：文章提到兩種相反觀點，抓住以下幾點

　　1.文章主題即對比方面;

　　2.抓住各派觀點

　　3.抓住作者態度(a.支持一派反對另一派 b.中立態度)

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of

　　small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　注：1.spark 火花激發

　　2.作者用詞 careful, properly 表明作者態度是中立的

　　67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

　　A) They have no doubts about them.

　　B) They have doubts about them.

　　C) They approve of them.

　　D) They avoid talking about them.

　　注：只有B 項為負態度

　　If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.

　　Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:

　　Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.

　　注：1.opposing 相反的

　　2.插入語 from warm praise to cold cash 用來解釋 external rewards

　　3.argue 認為

　　4.maintain 認為，維持

　　●對比型文章：文章提到兩種相反觀點，抓住以下幾點

　　1.文章主題即對比方面;

　　2.抓住各派觀點

　　3.抓住作者態度(a.支持一派反對另一派 b.中立態度)

　　The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of

　　small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

　　注：1.spark 火花激發

　　2.作者用詞 careful, properly 表明作者態度是中立的

　　67. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?

　　A) They have no doubts about them.

　　B) They have doubts about them.

　　C) They approve of them.

　　D) They avoid talking about them.

　　注：只有B 項為負態度

　　If kids know theyre working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity, says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.