英語四級(jí)考試閱讀理解模擬題及答案詳解
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting
ANSWER:
1. 選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family... 工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式...... ， 即 extended family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會(huì)，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項(xiàng)中的primary 最初的，原始的 不符合原文意思。
2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。They are immobile 這樣的家庭很難流動(dòng) ，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項(xiàng)中由transplant和transport兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，前者指的是 遷居，遷移 ，后者指的是運(yùn)輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因?yàn)檫@句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所謂的 核心家庭 便出現(xiàn)了 ，emerge的意思是 浮現(xiàn) ，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇C)gradually
4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children 一個(gè)家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子 ，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示 包含，由......組成 的。選項(xiàng)中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。
5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動(dòng)性，故應(yīng)選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
6. 選M)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism 超級(jí)工業(yè)化 ......更具流動(dòng)性的家庭。可推知空格處應(yīng)填表示 需要，需求 的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。
7. 選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最基本的成員。選項(xiàng)中的E)elemental 基本的，本質(zhì)的 ，而N)primary 主要的，最早的 ，原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
8.選l)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，本句中提到rather than childlessness 而不是不要孩子 ，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項(xiàng)中的L)compromise 妥協(xié)，折中 符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達(dá)夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。
9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據(jù)上下文意思，這個(gè)題相對容易。
10.選I)。這段一直在說一個(gè)家庭里男人和女人因?yàn)楣ぷ骱鸵⒆拥氖虑榘l(fā)生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個(gè)問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng))couples。
導(dǎo)讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業(yè)化前的大家庭模式的特點(diǎn)：很難流動(dòng)。)
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業(yè)化 要求家庭必須流動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業(yè)化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)
全文翻譯：工業(yè)化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節(jié)奏的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動(dòng)。工業(yè)化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉(xiāng)外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)流動(dòng)。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現(xiàn)了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比傳統(tǒng)大家庭更易于流動(dòng)的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業(yè)國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式。然而，超級(jí)工業(yè)化，即下一個(gè)階段的生態(tài)科技的發(fā)展，要求家庭具有更大的流動(dòng)性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續(xù)進(jìn)一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業(yè)旗鼓相當(dāng)，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會(huì)問題方面更加愛得心應(yīng)手，在更換工作類型和工作地點(diǎn)的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現(xiàn)在的男人和女人在忠于事業(yè)和撫養(yǎng)孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會(huì)把全力以赴撫養(yǎng)孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。
The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting
ANSWER:
1. 選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family... 工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式...... ， 即 extended family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會(huì)，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項(xiàng)中的primary 最初的，原始的 不符合原文意思。
2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。They are immobile 這樣的家庭很難流動(dòng) ，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項(xiàng)中由transplant和transport兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞原形，前者指的是 遷居，遷移 ，后者指的是運(yùn)輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因?yàn)檫@句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所謂的 核心家庭 便出現(xiàn)了 ，emerge的意思是 浮現(xiàn) ，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過一個(gè)過程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇C)gradually
4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children 一個(gè)家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子 ，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示 包含，由......組成 的。選項(xiàng)中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。
5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動(dòng)性，故應(yīng)選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
6. 選M)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism 超級(jí)工業(yè)化 ......更具流動(dòng)性的家庭。可推知空格處應(yīng)填表示 需要，需求 的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。
7. 選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最基本的成員。選項(xiàng)中的E)elemental 基本的，本質(zhì)的 ，而N)primary 主要的，最早的 ，原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個(gè)家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。
8.選l)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，本句中提到rather than childlessness 而不是不要孩子 ，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項(xiàng)中的L)compromise 妥協(xié)，折中 符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達(dá)夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。
9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據(jù)上下文意思，這個(gè)題相對容易。
10.選I)。這段一直在說一個(gè)家庭里男人和女人因?yàn)楣ぷ骱鸵⒆拥氖虑榘l(fā)生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個(gè)問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng))couples。
導(dǎo)讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業(yè)化前的大家庭模式的特點(diǎn)：很難流動(dòng)。)
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業(yè)化 要求家庭必須流動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)
A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業(yè)化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)
全文翻譯：工業(yè)化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節(jié)奏的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動(dòng)。工業(yè)化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉(xiāng)外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據(jù)需要隨時(shí)流動(dòng)。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現(xiàn)了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比傳統(tǒng)大家庭更易于流動(dòng)的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業(yè)國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式。然而，超級(jí)工業(yè)化，即下一個(gè)階段的生態(tài)科技的發(fā)展，要求家庭具有更大的流動(dòng)性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續(xù)進(jìn)一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個(gè)男人和一個(gè)女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業(yè)旗鼓相當(dāng)，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會(huì)問題方面更加愛得心應(yīng)手，在更換工作類型和工作地點(diǎn)的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現(xiàn)在的男人和女人在忠于事業(yè)和撫養(yǎng)孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會(huì)把全力以赴撫養(yǎng)孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。
