英語四級閱讀理解練習及答案詳解

　　導讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業化前的大家庭模式的特點：很難流動。)

　　Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業化 要求家庭必須流動，導致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)

　　A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)

　　全文翻譯：工業化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節奏的農業社會中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動。工業化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據需要隨時流動。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠遠比傳統大家庭更易于流動的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業國家的標準模式。然而，超級工業化，即下一個階段的生態科技的發展，要求家庭具有更大的流動性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續進一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個男人和一個女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業旗鼓相當，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會問題方面更加愛得心應手，在更換工作類型和工作地點的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現在的男人和女人在忠于事業和撫養孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會把全力以赴撫養孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。

　　導讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family= extended family)，第一段說明工業化前的大家庭模式的特點：很難流動。)

　　Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism 工業化 要求家庭必須流動，導致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)

　　A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)

　　全文翻譯：工業化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節奏的農業社會中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動。工業化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據需要隨時流動。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的 核心家庭 便出現了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠遠比傳統大家庭更易于流動的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業國家的標準模式。然而，超級工業化，即下一個階段的生態科技的發展，要求家庭具有更大的流動性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續進一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個男人和一個女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業旗鼓相當，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會問題方面更加愛得心應手，在更換工作類型和工作地點的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子。現在的男人和女人在忠于事業和撫養孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會把全力以赴撫養孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。