四級沖刺階段——作文常用寫作方法

　　1.開頭的寫法：

萬事開頭難，寫作文也是如此，但文章的開頭很重要。常用的方法有以下幾種：

　　 背景法：說明事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、情景等背景。

　　例如：I was once spending the summer holiday in a small seaside village in the South of China. It was a beautiful and quiet place. People do not usually go there.

　　 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關人物。

　　例如：Once upon a time, there was an old honest man named Hans. ... He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden. ... ...

　　 主題句法：提出一個觀點或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明或論述的主題。

　　 問題法：用提問的方式來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以引起讀者的注意力。例如： What is the nature of the scientific attitude? What is the harmfulness of fake commodities?

　　 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。例如：A 39-story building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.

　　 故事法：以講故事的形式作為文章的開頭，在此基礎上展開文章。多用語記敘文，也可用語議論文。例如在A Day to Remember, The Man I Respected Most這樣的文章中就可以用這樣的方法開頭。

　　 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)被證實的數(shù)字來引起話題。例如， Smoking一文可以這樣開頭：It is reported that 1.5 billion people in the world smoke.

　　 引語法：引用名人名言或常見習語、諺語等作為文章的開頭。例如：Rome was not built in a day. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Every coin has two sides. A friend in need is a friend indeed. etc.

　　 定義法：常見于對標題下定義，然后通過舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以詳細說明。例如： A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.

　　2. 正文的寫法

　　 演繹法：

　　從一般到個別。把帶普遍性和概括性的句子放在段首，段落中其他的句子就是對主題句的具體化，是對主題句的具體說明。

　　 歸納法：

　　從特殊到一般。具體、個別的事例出發(fā)，總結(jié)出一般的規(guī)律。

　　3.結(jié)尾的寫法

　　 簡要評價或作結(jié)論：文章的最后幾句概括全文內(nèi)容，并進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點。例如：In short, we can say that science to human being is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bandage of Nature. Science itself is innocent, but sometimes man has misused it.

　　 重復主題句： 回到文章的中心思想或主題句上，達到再次肯定或強調(diào)的效果。

　　 用反問句結(jié)尾：雖然形式是疑問句，但意義是肯定的，具有很明顯的強調(diào)作用，能引起讀者的思考。例如：If there were no homework on weekends, students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Isnt that both beneficial to students and teachers?

　　 提出展望或希望：對未來提出展望或希望，號召讀者為此而行動。例如：Dear fellows, lets unite as one to fight for the prosperity of our motherland. Lets shoulder our responsibilities and fight for the happiness of the whole world.

　　 引用名人名言、諺語、常用習語結(jié)尾。例如： Early to bed and early to rise makesa person healthy, wealthy and wise.

　　1.開頭的寫法：

萬事開頭難，寫作文也是如此，但文章的開頭很重要。常用的方法有以下幾種：

　　 背景法：說明事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、情景等背景。

　　例如：I was once spending the summer holiday in a small seaside village in the South of China. It was a beautiful and quiet place. People do not usually go there.

　　 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關人物。

　　例如：Once upon a time, there was an old honest man named Hans. ... He lived in a tiny cottage all alone, and every day he worked in his garden. ... ...

　　 主題句法：提出一個觀點或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明或論述的主題。

　　 問題法：用提問的方式來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以引起讀者的注意力。例如： What is the nature of the scientific attitude? What is the harmfulness of fake commodities?

　　 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。例如：A 39-story building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.

　　 故事法：以講故事的形式作為文章的開頭，在此基礎上展開文章。多用語記敘文，也可用語議論文。例如在A Day to Remember, The Man I Respected Most這樣的文章中就可以用這樣的方法開頭。

　　 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)被證實的數(shù)字來引起話題。例如， Smoking一文可以這樣開頭：It is reported that 1.5 billion people in the world smoke.

　　 引語法：引用名人名言或常見習語、諺語等作為文章的開頭。例如：Rome was not built in a day. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Every coin has two sides. A friend in need is a friend indeed. etc.

　　 定義法：常見于對標題下定義，然后通過舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以詳細說明。例如： A true good student is one who possesses good morality, sound health, perfect knowledge and various abilities.

　　2. 正文的寫法

　　 演繹法：

　　從一般到個別。把帶普遍性和概括性的句子放在段首，段落中其他的句子就是對主題句的具體化，是對主題句的具體說明。

　　 歸納法：

　　從特殊到一般。具體、個別的事例出發(fā)，總結(jié)出一般的規(guī)律。

　　3.結(jié)尾的寫法

　　 簡要評價或作結(jié)論：文章的最后幾句概括全文內(nèi)容，并進一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點。例如：In short, we can say that science to human being is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bandage of Nature. Science itself is innocent, but sometimes man has misused it.

　　 重復主題句： 回到文章的中心思想或主題句上，達到再次肯定或強調(diào)的效果。

　　 用反問句結(jié)尾：雖然形式是疑問句，但意義是肯定的，具有很明顯的強調(diào)作用，能引起讀者的思考。例如：If there were no homework on weekends, students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Isnt that both beneficial to students and teachers?

　　 提出展望或希望：對未來提出展望或希望，號召讀者為此而行動。例如：Dear fellows, lets unite as one to fight for the prosperity of our motherland. Lets shoulder our responsibilities and fight for the happiness of the whole world.

　　 引用名人名言、諺語、常用習語結(jié)尾。例如： Early to bed and early to rise makesa person healthy, wealthy and wise.