PETS專家談PETS二級(jí)考試聽力命題思路
這里講的對(duì)話理解題，包含了第一節(jié)的5道簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話題和第二節(jié)的4段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話題。考試中的對(duì)話題，通常形式為男女對(duì)答式的小會(huì)話，內(nèi)容總不外乎日常生活中的一般對(duì)話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等話題。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容的不同，可以分為教育學(xué)習(xí)、日常生活、工作事務(wù)等方面。考試中聽力部分問題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容都比較簡(jiǎn)單，問題常由what、when、where、who、why和how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提出。而依據(jù)對(duì)話題目的種類，則可以歸類為：細(xì)節(jié)型；計(jì)算型；大意型和推理型等題型。
經(jīng)典例題：
教育學(xué)習(xí)類：
M: What did you think of the lecture in library meeting room?
W: I cant understand what the speaker said.
Q: What does the woman mean?
[A] The lecture is bad
[B] She like the lecture
[C] The lecture isnt fit for her.
名師精解：這是一段有關(guān)于教育學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的對(duì)話。錄音材料中，男生問：你認(rèn)為在圖書館會(huì)議室中的講座怎么樣？女生回答到 我都不知道做講座的人在講些什么。這個(gè)回答，本身就是一種貶義的回答。所以答案為[C]。
日常生活類：
M: Please change this note into two 50 dollars and ten 10 dollars bills.
W: Sure. Have you are, sir.
Q: How much money does the man want to change?
[A] $100 [B] $200 [C] $300
名師精解：這是一道考數(shù)字的聽力理解題目。話題屬于日常生活類。男士問：你能把我這張紙幣換成兩張50元和十張10元的嗎？因此50X2+10X10=200.所以本題答案為[B]。
工作事務(wù)類：
M: Make one copy for me twenty copies from other managers.
W: Certainly, sir. As soon as I finish the task, I will go to deal with this.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[A] Boss and clerk
[B] Teacher and students
[C] Customer and saleswoman
名師精解：這是發(fā)生在辦公室中的一段對(duì)話，屬于工作事務(wù)類內(nèi)容。對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞managers和copy提示了對(duì)話的背景和內(nèi)容。當(dāng)問題問及這兩者的關(guān)系時(shí)，就可判別答案為[A]。
按對(duì)話題目種類劃分：
M: Hello. I havent seen you for a long time. How are you?
W: Fine. Thanks.
M: Tomorrow is my birthday. I would like to invite you and your family to my birthday party. Our teacher Wang in University will come also.
W: Thank you very much. When will it begin?
M: At 6: 30 p.m.
W: Oh. Let me see: I get off work at 5:30 every day and then spend about 35 minutes on meeting my husband and my daughter. We shall cost about 45 minutes to go your home. Is that all right?
M: Yes, of course.
W: Ok. See you tomorrow.
M: See you then.
細(xì)節(jié)型: 1. When will the man begin his birthday party?
[A] At 5:30 p.m. [B] At 6:30 p.m. [C] At 7:30 p.m.
名師精解：錄音材料中，明確指出M: At 6: 30 p.m.，所以答案為[B]
題型分析：細(xì)節(jié)題目往往是針對(duì)錄音聽力中的人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、數(shù)字、電話號(hào)碼和價(jià)格等所提及的問題，只要考生注意聽錄音材料這些內(nèi)容，理順關(guān)系，往往都能輕松解決。
計(jì)算型: 2. When will the woman and her family be able to arrive at the mans birthday party?
[A] At 6:05 p.m. [B] At 6:30 p.m. [C] At 6:50 p.m.
名師精解：錄音材料中，出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)具體時(shí)間M: At 6: 30 p.m.和W: Let me see: I get off work at 5:30 every day. 后又出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)時(shí)間單位The woman spend about 35 minutes on meeting my husband and my daughter.和the woman shall cost about 45 minutes to go your home.因此，只要將這幾個(gè)時(shí)間區(qū)分開來，就可以知道這位婦女和她家人只可能在何時(shí)到這位男士的家。故答案[C]
題型分析：計(jì)算題也往往是針對(duì)錄音聽力中的時(shí)間、數(shù)字、和價(jià)格等所提及的計(jì)算，一般計(jì)算比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要考生注意聽錄音材料這些內(nèi)容，理順關(guān)系，就能成功解答。
大意型: 3. What does the dialogue tell us?
[A] The man has a birthday party.
[B] The woman and her family will be late for the mans birthday party.
[C] The man invites the woman and her family to take part in his birthday party.
名師精解：聽完這段錄音材料我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料的主要內(nèi)容是講這位男士要邀請(qǐng)這位女士和她的家人到他家慶祝他的生日。這個(gè)對(duì)話都是圍繞這一主題開展的。而答案[A][B]沒有抓住問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，都只講解了對(duì)話的一個(gè)方面，這樣是不具體、不全面的。故答案[C]
題型分析：大意題也往往是針對(duì)整個(gè)錄音材料而言的。往往要求考生考慮錄音材料的整體內(nèi)容，考慮說話者語(yǔ)氣，說話環(huán)境以及說話者的言語(yǔ)中所包含的深層次意思。因此我們要從全局著眼，而后全面做答。
推理型: 4. What can be the relationship between the man and the woman?
[A] Classmates [B] Cousins [C] Colleagues
名師精解：聽完這段錄音材料我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料中男女對(duì)話者似乎關(guān)系非比尋常。當(dāng)問及他們之間的關(guān)系時(shí)，我們可能第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是他們一定是朋友。但這會(huì)是哪種朋友呢？這正是文章要求我們解答的。大多數(shù)人會(huì)在聽第二次的時(shí)候關(guān)注這類問題。在細(xì)聽錄音材料中，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有這么一句話Our teacher Wang in University will come also。這說明他們有個(gè)共同的大學(xué)老師。故答案[A]。
題型分析：推理題也往往是針對(duì)整個(gè)錄音材料而言的，是聽力材料中最難的。它往往要求考生考慮錄音材料的整體內(nèi)容，考慮說話者語(yǔ)氣，說話環(huán)境及一些細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)。它是對(duì)上面所提到的題目的綜合能力考核。錄音材料中絕對(duì)找不到現(xiàn)成的答案，要自己通過的理解做答題目。
這里講的對(duì)話理解題，包含了第一節(jié)的5道簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話題和第二節(jié)的4段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話題。考試中的對(duì)話題，通常形式為男女對(duì)答式的小會(huì)話，內(nèi)容總不外乎日常生活中的一般對(duì)話，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)等話題。根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容的不同，可以分為教育學(xué)習(xí)、日常生活、工作事務(wù)等方面。考試中聽力部分問題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容都比較簡(jiǎn)單，問題常由what、when、where、who、why和how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提出。而依據(jù)對(duì)話題目的種類，則可以歸類為：細(xì)節(jié)型；計(jì)算型；大意型和推理型等題型。
經(jīng)典例題：
教育學(xué)習(xí)類：
M: What did you think of the lecture in library meeting room?
W: I cant understand what the speaker said.
Q: What does the woman mean?
[A] The lecture is bad
[B] She like the lecture
[C] The lecture isnt fit for her.
名師精解：這是一段有關(guān)于教育學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容的對(duì)話。錄音材料中，男生問：你認(rèn)為在圖書館會(huì)議室中的講座怎么樣？女生回答到 我都不知道做講座的人在講些什么。這個(gè)回答，本身就是一種貶義的回答。所以答案為[C]。
日常生活類：
M: Please change this note into two 50 dollars and ten 10 dollars bills.
W: Sure. Have you are, sir.
Q: How much money does the man want to change?
[A] $100 [B] $200 [C] $300
名師精解：這是一道考數(shù)字的聽力理解題目。話題屬于日常生活類。男士問：你能把我這張紙幣換成兩張50元和十張10元的嗎？因此50X2+10X10=200.所以本題答案為[B]。
工作事務(wù)類：
M: Make one copy for me twenty copies from other managers.
W: Certainly, sir. As soon as I finish the task, I will go to deal with this.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[A] Boss and clerk
[B] Teacher and students
[C] Customer and saleswoman
名師精解：這是發(fā)生在辦公室中的一段對(duì)話，屬于工作事務(wù)類內(nèi)容。對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞managers和copy提示了對(duì)話的背景和內(nèi)容。當(dāng)問題問及這兩者的關(guān)系時(shí)，就可判別答案為[A]。
按對(duì)話題目種類劃分：
M: Hello. I havent seen you for a long time. How are you?
W: Fine. Thanks.
M: Tomorrow is my birthday. I would like to invite you and your family to my birthday party. Our teacher Wang in University will come also.
W: Thank you very much. When will it begin?
M: At 6: 30 p.m.
W: Oh. Let me see: I get off work at 5:30 every day and then spend about 35 minutes on meeting my husband and my daughter. We shall cost about 45 minutes to go your home. Is that all right?
M: Yes, of course.
W: Ok. See you tomorrow.
M: See you then.
細(xì)節(jié)型: 1. When will the man begin his birthday party?
[A] At 5:30 p.m. [B] At 6:30 p.m. [C] At 7:30 p.m.
名師精解：錄音材料中，明確指出M: At 6: 30 p.m.，所以答案為[B]
題型分析：細(xì)節(jié)題目往往是針對(duì)錄音聽力中的人物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、數(shù)字、電話號(hào)碼和價(jià)格等所提及的問題，只要考生注意聽錄音材料這些內(nèi)容，理順關(guān)系，往往都能輕松解決。
計(jì)算型: 2. When will the woman and her family be able to arrive at the mans birthday party?
[A] At 6:05 p.m. [B] At 6:30 p.m. [C] At 6:50 p.m.
名師精解：錄音材料中，出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)具體時(shí)間M: At 6: 30 p.m.和W: Let me see: I get off work at 5:30 every day. 后又出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)時(shí)間單位The woman spend about 35 minutes on meeting my husband and my daughter.和the woman shall cost about 45 minutes to go your home.因此，只要將這幾個(gè)時(shí)間區(qū)分開來，就可以知道這位婦女和她家人只可能在何時(shí)到這位男士的家。故答案[C]
題型分析：計(jì)算題也往往是針對(duì)錄音聽力中的時(shí)間、數(shù)字、和價(jià)格等所提及的計(jì)算，一般計(jì)算比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要考生注意聽錄音材料這些內(nèi)容，理順關(guān)系，就能成功解答。
大意型: 3. What does the dialogue tell us?
[A] The man has a birthday party.
[B] The woman and her family will be late for the mans birthday party.
[C] The man invites the woman and her family to take part in his birthday party.
名師精解：聽完這段錄音材料我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料的主要內(nèi)容是講這位男士要邀請(qǐng)這位女士和她的家人到他家慶祝他的生日。這個(gè)對(duì)話都是圍繞這一主題開展的。而答案[A][B]沒有抓住問題的實(shí)質(zhì)，都只講解了對(duì)話的一個(gè)方面，這樣是不具體、不全面的。故答案[C]
題型分析：大意題也往往是針對(duì)整個(gè)錄音材料而言的。往往要求考生考慮錄音材料的整體內(nèi)容，考慮說話者語(yǔ)氣，說話環(huán)境以及說話者的言語(yǔ)中所包含的深層次意思。因此我們要從全局著眼，而后全面做答。
推理型: 4. What can be the relationship between the man and the woman?
[A] Classmates [B] Cousins [C] Colleagues
名師精解：聽完這段錄音材料我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，材料中男女對(duì)話者似乎關(guān)系非比尋常。當(dāng)問及他們之間的關(guān)系時(shí)，我們可能第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是他們一定是朋友。但這會(huì)是哪種朋友呢？這正是文章要求我們解答的。大多數(shù)人會(huì)在聽第二次的時(shí)候關(guān)注這類問題。在細(xì)聽錄音材料中，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有這么一句話Our teacher Wang in University will come also。這說明他們有個(gè)共同的大學(xué)老師。故答案[A]。
題型分析：推理題也往往是針對(duì)整個(gè)錄音材料而言的，是聽力材料中最難的。它往往要求考生考慮錄音材料的整體內(nèi)容，考慮說話者語(yǔ)氣，說話環(huán)境及一些細(xì)節(jié)點(diǎn)。它是對(duì)上面所提到的題目的綜合能力考核。錄音材料中絕對(duì)找不到現(xiàn)成的答案，要自己通過的理解做答題目。
