[科技前沿]語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)
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語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)
來(lái)源：The Guardian 編輯：Vicki 翻譯：譯言網(wǎng)
各種創(chuàng)新在計(jì)算機(jī)世界里不停發(fā)生。語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)，一種新的網(wǎng)頁(yè)形式，正在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的世界里起到革命性作用。通過(guò)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)我們可以更加智能地控制我們的設(shè)備。通過(guò)它，我們還能更好的理解和處理數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容。我們也可以通過(guò)它，增加我們和網(wǎng)頁(yè)的互動(dòng)性，使網(wǎng)頁(yè)更好被瀏覽。
現(xiàn)今，開(kāi)發(fā)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)兩種最重要的技術(shù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)：可擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言(XML)和資源描述框架(RDF)。使語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)的開(kāi)發(fā)稱為可能。不久將來(lái)，我們就可以在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中利用語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種服務(wù)，使我們的家庭生活更加智能。
另一方面，語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)也可以幫助人類的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)步。在社區(qū)活動(dòng)中，人與人之間更加和諧。
The Semantic Web
The entertainment system was belting out the Beatles' "We Can Work It Out" when the phone rang. When Pete answered, his phone turned the sound down by sending a message to all the other local devices that had a volume control. His sister, Lucy, was on the line from the doctor's office: "Mom needs to see a specialist and then has to have a series of physical therapy sessions. Biweekly or something. I'm going to have my agent set up the appointments." Pete immediately agreed to share the chauffeuring.
語(yǔ)義網(wǎng),一種新的網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容，可能對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)世界起到革命意義.當(dāng)電話響時(shí)，娛樂(lè)系統(tǒng)正熱情播放披頭四的“我們要盡歡”。在皮特回答之前，他傳送一個(gè)信息給他的音響設(shè)備，把它們的音量關(guān)小。他的姐姐路西從她醫(yī)生那里打電話給他，說(shuō)：“媽媽需要看一位專家，需要一系列的物理治療。大概兩個(gè)星期或者多些。我打算讓我的代理約個(gè)時(shí)間。“皮特立即答應(yīng)開(kāi)車送她們。
At the doctor's office, Lucy instructed her Semantic Web agent through her handheld Web browser. The agent promptly retrieved information about Mom's prescribed treatment from the doctor's agent, looked up several lists of providers, and checked for the ones in-plan for Mom's insurance within a 20-mile radius of her home and with a rating of excellent or very good on trusted rating services. It then began trying to find a match between available appointment times (supplied by the agents of individual providers through their Web sites) and Pete's and Lucy's busy schedules. (The emphasized keywords indicate terms whose semantics, or meaning, were defined for the agent through the Semantic Web.)
在醫(yī)生的辦公室里，路西指令她的語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)的代理商用手持設(shè)備瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)。代理商嘗試重新從醫(yī)生那里獲取她媽媽藥物治療信息，找尋幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商，在她家二十里范圍內(nèi)檢查她媽媽最好和最可信的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃。同時(shí)開(kāi)始嘗試從路西和皮特的行程中，找到最好的 預(yù)約時(shí)間(幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商通過(guò)他們的網(wǎng)頁(yè)提供這些資料)。(語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)通 過(guò)主要的關(guān)鍵字來(lái)表明語(yǔ)義，意思 ，還是指定的代理)。
In a few minutes the agent presented them with a plan. Pete didn't like it?University Hospital was all the way across town from Mom's place, and he'd be driving back in the middle of rush hour. He set his own agent to redo the search with stricter preferences about location and time. Lucy's agent, having complete trust in Pete's agent in the context of the present task, automatically assisted by supplying access certificates and shortcuts to the data it had already sorted through.
幾分鐘之前，代理商給皮特和路西看了他的計(jì)劃，但是皮特不喜歡它。大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院是從他媽媽家穿過(guò)城鎮(zhèn)，他將在交通不是高峰期開(kāi)車回家。他要求代理根據(jù)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)重新查找。路西的代理完全信任皮特的代理計(jì)劃，在存取驗(yàn)證和快捷鍵的幫助下任務(wù)自動(dòng) 被排序。
Almost instantly the new plan was presented: a much closer clinic and earlier times?but there were two warning notes. First, Pete would have to reschedule a couple of his less important appointments. He checked what they were?not a problem. The other was something about the insurance company's list failing to include this provider under physical therapists: "Service type and insurance plan status securely verified by other means," the agent reassured him. "(Details?)"
沒(méi)多久新的計(jì)劃就給出了：一個(gè)離醫(yī)務(wù)所更近和更早時(shí)間。但是有兩封警告信。第一個(gè)是皮特更改了他的幾個(gè)次重要的預(yù)約，缺席他們沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。其他包括保險(xiǎn)公司名單， 沒(méi)有包括物理治療的提供者：“服務(wù)類型和保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)被其他方法安全驗(yàn)證。”代理商將確認(rèn)他 。
Lucy registered her assent at about the same moment Pete was muttering, "Spare me the details," and it was all set. (Of course, Pete couldn't resist the details and later that night had his agent explain how it had found that provider even though it wasn't on the proper list.)
路西登記了，但是皮特有點(diǎn)不滿：“給我些詳細(xì)資料”， 這是我所有資料。(當(dāng)然，皮特不能拒絕計(jì)劃，盡管它不在名單中， 在晚上他讓他的代理解釋。)
Expressing Meaning（表達(dá)方式 ）
Pete and Lucy could use their agents to carry out all these tasks thanks not to the World Wide Web of today but rather the Semantic Web that it will evolve into tomorrow. Most of the Web's content today is designed for humans to read, not for computer programs to manipulate meaningfully. Computers can adeptly parse Web pages for layout and routine processing?here a header, there a link to another page?but in general, computers have no reliable way to process the semantics: this is the home page of the Hartman and Strauss Physio Clinic, this link goes to Dr. Hartman's curriculum vitae.
皮特和路西能讓他們的代理處理這些任務(wù)，不但要感謝今天的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，還要感謝明天將會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)。今天大部分網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)給普通人讀的，不是專給程序來(lái)操作。通常計(jì)算機(jī)能敏捷分隔網(wǎng)頁(yè)和常規(guī)地處理主題，并可以把它連接到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，但是計(jì)算機(jī)并沒(méi)有一種可靠的方法處理語(yǔ)義：這是Hartman和Strauss醫(yī)務(wù)所的主頁(yè)，連接可以帶到Hartman醫(yī)生的簡(jiǎn)歷的網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users. Such an agent coming to the clinic's Web page will know not just that the page has keywords such as "treatment, medicine, physical, therapy" (as might be encoded today) but also that Dr. Hartman works at this clinic on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and that the script takes a date range in yyyy-mm-dd format and returns appointment times. And it will "know" all this without needing artificial intelligence on the scale of 2001's Hal or Star Wars's C-3PO. Instead these semantics were encoded into the Web page when the clinic's office manager (who never took Comp Sci 101) massaged it into shape using off-the-shelf software for writing Semantic Web pages along with resources listed on the Physical Therapy Association's site.
語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)可以對(duì)不同內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分類，當(dāng)軟件代理商瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)時(shí)候，能夠?yàn)橛脩纛A(yù)先處理復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。當(dāng)病人來(lái)到醫(yī)務(wù)所的網(wǎng)頁(yè)不只是能夠看到“治療，藥，物理治療”等關(guān)鍵字(可能今天已經(jīng)被加密)，而且告訴Hartman醫(yī)生在星期一，星期三，星期五工作時(shí)間和預(yù)約時(shí)間。在2001‘s Hal 或者StarWare's C-3PO 不需要人工智能就可以知道這些。利用物理治療聯(lián)盟的資源，醫(yī)務(wù)所的經(jīng)理用現(xiàn)成的軟件寫(xiě)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)。
Keke View：語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)就是能夠根據(jù)語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行判斷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)是一種能理解人類語(yǔ)言的智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它不但能夠理解人類的語(yǔ)言，而且還可以使人與電腦之間的交流變得像人與人之間交流一樣輕松。
語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)
來(lái)源：The Guardian 編輯：Vicki 翻譯：譯言網(wǎng)
各種創(chuàng)新在計(jì)算機(jī)世界里不停發(fā)生。語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)，一種新的網(wǎng)頁(yè)形式，正在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的世界里起到革命性作用。通過(guò)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)我們可以更加智能地控制我們的設(shè)備。通過(guò)它，我們還能更好的理解和處理數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容。我們也可以通過(guò)它，增加我們和網(wǎng)頁(yè)的互動(dòng)性，使網(wǎng)頁(yè)更好被瀏覽。
現(xiàn)今，開(kāi)發(fā)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)兩種最重要的技術(shù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)：可擴(kuò)展標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言(XML)和資源描述框架(RDF)。使語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)的開(kāi)發(fā)稱為可能。不久將來(lái)，我們就可以在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中利用語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種服務(wù)，使我們的家庭生活更加智能。
另一方面，語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)也可以幫助人類的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)步。在社區(qū)活動(dòng)中，人與人之間更加和諧。
The Semantic Web
The entertainment system was belting out the Beatles' "We Can Work It Out" when the phone rang. When Pete answered, his phone turned the sound down by sending a message to all the other local devices that had a volume control. His sister, Lucy, was on the line from the doctor's office: "Mom needs to see a specialist and then has to have a series of physical therapy sessions. Biweekly or something. I'm going to have my agent set up the appointments." Pete immediately agreed to share the chauffeuring.
語(yǔ)義網(wǎng),一種新的網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容，可能對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)世界起到革命意義.當(dāng)電話響時(shí)，娛樂(lè)系統(tǒng)正熱情播放披頭四的“我們要盡歡”。在皮特回答之前，他傳送一個(gè)信息給他的音響設(shè)備，把它們的音量關(guān)小。他的姐姐路西從她醫(yī)生那里打電話給他，說(shuō)：“媽媽需要看一位專家，需要一系列的物理治療。大概兩個(gè)星期或者多些。我打算讓我的代理約個(gè)時(shí)間。“皮特立即答應(yīng)開(kāi)車送她們。
At the doctor's office, Lucy instructed her Semantic Web agent through her handheld Web browser. The agent promptly retrieved information about Mom's prescribed treatment from the doctor's agent, looked up several lists of providers, and checked for the ones in-plan for Mom's insurance within a 20-mile radius of her home and with a rating of excellent or very good on trusted rating services. It then began trying to find a match between available appointment times (supplied by the agents of individual providers through their Web sites) and Pete's and Lucy's busy schedules. (The emphasized keywords indicate terms whose semantics, or meaning, were defined for the agent through the Semantic Web.)
在醫(yī)生的辦公室里，路西指令她的語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)的代理商用手持設(shè)備瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)。代理商嘗試重新從醫(yī)生那里獲取她媽媽藥物治療信息，找尋幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商，在她家二十里范圍內(nèi)檢查她媽媽最好和最可信的保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃。同時(shí)開(kāi)始嘗試從路西和皮特的行程中，找到最好的 預(yù)約時(shí)間(幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商通過(guò)他們的網(wǎng)頁(yè)提供這些資料)。(語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)通 過(guò)主要的關(guān)鍵字來(lái)表明語(yǔ)義，意思 ，還是指定的代理)。
In a few minutes the agent presented them with a plan. Pete didn't like it?University Hospital was all the way across town from Mom's place, and he'd be driving back in the middle of rush hour. He set his own agent to redo the search with stricter preferences about location and time. Lucy's agent, having complete trust in Pete's agent in the context of the present task, automatically assisted by supplying access certificates and shortcuts to the data it had already sorted through.
幾分鐘之前，代理商給皮特和路西看了他的計(jì)劃，但是皮特不喜歡它。大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院是從他媽媽家穿過(guò)城鎮(zhèn)，他將在交通不是高峰期開(kāi)車回家。他要求代理根據(jù)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)重新查找。路西的代理完全信任皮特的代理計(jì)劃，在存取驗(yàn)證和快捷鍵的幫助下任務(wù)自動(dòng) 被排序。
Almost instantly the new plan was presented: a much closer clinic and earlier times?but there were two warning notes. First, Pete would have to reschedule a couple of his less important appointments. He checked what they were?not a problem. The other was something about the insurance company's list failing to include this provider under physical therapists: "Service type and insurance plan status securely verified by other means," the agent reassured him. "(Details?)"
沒(méi)多久新的計(jì)劃就給出了：一個(gè)離醫(yī)務(wù)所更近和更早時(shí)間。但是有兩封警告信。第一個(gè)是皮特更改了他的幾個(gè)次重要的預(yù)約，缺席他們沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。其他包括保險(xiǎn)公司名單， 沒(méi)有包括物理治療的提供者：“服務(wù)類型和保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)被其他方法安全驗(yàn)證。”代理商將確認(rèn)他 。
Lucy registered her assent at about the same moment Pete was muttering, "Spare me the details," and it was all set. (Of course, Pete couldn't resist the details and later that night had his agent explain how it had found that provider even though it wasn't on the proper list.)
路西登記了，但是皮特有點(diǎn)不滿：“給我些詳細(xì)資料”， 這是我所有資料。(當(dāng)然，皮特不能拒絕計(jì)劃，盡管它不在名單中， 在晚上他讓他的代理解釋。)
Expressing Meaning（表達(dá)方式 ）
Pete and Lucy could use their agents to carry out all these tasks thanks not to the World Wide Web of today but rather the Semantic Web that it will evolve into tomorrow. Most of the Web's content today is designed for humans to read, not for computer programs to manipulate meaningfully. Computers can adeptly parse Web pages for layout and routine processing?here a header, there a link to another page?but in general, computers have no reliable way to process the semantics: this is the home page of the Hartman and Strauss Physio Clinic, this link goes to Dr. Hartman's curriculum vitae.
皮特和路西能讓他們的代理處理這些任務(wù)，不但要感謝今天的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，還要感謝明天將會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)。今天大部分網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)給普通人讀的，不是專給程序來(lái)操作。通常計(jì)算機(jī)能敏捷分隔網(wǎng)頁(yè)和常規(guī)地處理主題，并可以把它連接到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)，但是計(jì)算機(jī)并沒(méi)有一種可靠的方法處理語(yǔ)義：這是Hartman和Strauss醫(yī)務(wù)所的主頁(yè)，連接可以帶到Hartman醫(yī)生的簡(jiǎn)歷的網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
The Semantic Web will bring structure to the meaningful content of Web pages, creating an environment where software agents roaming from page to page can readily carry out sophisticated tasks for users. Such an agent coming to the clinic's Web page will know not just that the page has keywords such as "treatment, medicine, physical, therapy" (as might be encoded today) but also that Dr. Hartman works at this clinic on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays and that the script takes a date range in yyyy-mm-dd format and returns appointment times. And it will "know" all this without needing artificial intelligence on the scale of 2001's Hal or Star Wars's C-3PO. Instead these semantics were encoded into the Web page when the clinic's office manager (who never took Comp Sci 101) massaged it into shape using off-the-shelf software for writing Semantic Web pages along with resources listed on the Physical Therapy Association's site.
語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)可以對(duì)不同內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分類，當(dāng)軟件代理商瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)時(shí)候，能夠?yàn)橛脩纛A(yù)先處理復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。當(dāng)病人來(lái)到醫(yī)務(wù)所的網(wǎng)頁(yè)不只是能夠看到“治療，藥，物理治療”等關(guān)鍵字(可能今天已經(jīng)被加密)，而且告訴Hartman醫(yī)生在星期一，星期三，星期五工作時(shí)間和預(yù)約時(shí)間。在2001‘s Hal 或者StarWare's C-3PO 不需要人工智能就可以知道這些。利用物理治療聯(lián)盟的資源，醫(yī)務(wù)所的經(jīng)理用現(xiàn)成的軟件寫(xiě)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)。
Keke View：語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)就是能夠根據(jù)語(yǔ)義進(jìn)行判斷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)是一種能理解人類語(yǔ)言的智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它不但能夠理解人類的語(yǔ)言，而且還可以使人與電腦之間的交流變得像人與人之間交流一樣輕松。
