2024屆高考英語沖刺寫作必考話題：5-14 unit14 careers

　　(教材原句)Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.

　　在現(xiàn)在和21世紀(jì)的這段時期，這個世界上最富裕和最發(fā)達的國家的公民將會認(rèn)為趕上變化的需求越來越難了。

　　(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容詞difficult作賓語補足語。 (2)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果賓語過長，為了保持句子的平衡，常用形式賓語it代替，而把真正的賓語放在補語后邊。其句型為：

　　主語＋find/think/believe/make/feel/consider...＋it＋補語(adj./n.)＋真正的賓語(to do/that-clause)

　　①He found it difficult to get along with his deskmate.

　　他發(fā)現(xiàn)和同桌相處很困難。 ②Nobody thinks it easy that one can pay off without outside help.

　　沒有人認(rèn)為不需要外力幫助就能輕易取得成功。 charge vt.收費，要價；指控n.負(fù)責(zé)；費用

　　(教材原句)Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors.

　　律師比醫(yī)生收取更高的服務(wù)費。

　　(1)charge...for...因……收費……

　　charge sb with...指控某人犯……罪

　　(2)take charge of掌管，控制

　　in charge (of)負(fù)責(zé)

　　in the charge of由……負(fù)責(zé)

　　free of charge免費

　　①It is reported that Bo Xilai was charged with committing several crimes.據(jù)報道薄熙來被控犯了好幾種罪。 ②I'll be ________ the whole factory when Mr Black is away.＝The whole factory will be ________ me when Mr Black is away.

　　布萊克先生不在時，由我負(fù)責(zé)整個工廠。 [熟詞生義] 選擇句中charge的含義 ③The shaver can be charged and used while travelling.

　　A．收費

　　　B．指控

　　C．充電 答案　②in charge of；in the charge of　③C

　　consult

　　vt.請教；查閱

　　(教材原句)He should consult Mr Jensen about the new account on the 24th.

　　他應(yīng)當(dāng)就24號的新賬目問題向詹金斯先生請教。

　　(1)consult with sb about sth與某人磋商某事

　　consult sb about sth向某人請教/咨詢某事

　　consult a map/a dictionary查看地圖/查閱詞典 (2)consultant n．顧問

　　①They came to the office to consult their teacher about their problems.

　　他們?nèi)マk公室向他們的老師請教問題。 ②We ________the teachers and rapidly drew up a teaching plan.

　　我們和老師們商量了一下，迅速制訂了教學(xué)計劃。 答案　②consulted with 巧學(xué)助記

　　commit vt.投入；使承諾；做不好的事

　　(教材原句)I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.我發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要我具有獻身精神并決不放棄，我就能寫出高質(zhì)量的報道。

　　(1)commit sb to (doing) sth使某人承諾(做)某事

　　commit oneself to (doing) sth答應(yīng)(做)某事

　　commit suicide/a crime/murder自殺/犯罪/謀殺

　　commit sth to sth調(diào)撥；投入 (2)committed adj.忠誠的；盡職的

　　commitment n．承諾，保證，承擔(dān)義務(wù)

　　①The contract commits him to playing for the team for the next three years.

　　合約規(guī)定以后3年他要為該隊效力。 ②I observe law and discipline and never commit any crime.我遵紀(jì)守法，從不犯罪。 ③The local government has________large amounts of money________housing projects.

　　當(dāng)?shù)卣言谧≌椖可贤度肓舜罅抠Y金。 答案　③committed；to decrease

　　v．減少，降低n.減少，減少量

　　(教材原句)Jobs in farming, coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.

　　農(nóng)業(yè)、煤礦業(yè)和重工業(yè)的職位迅速減少。

　　(1)decrease in...在……(方面)降低/減少

　　decrease to...減少到……

　　decrease by...減少了…… (2)a decrease in在……(方面)減少

　　on the decrease在減少

　　①After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that there was a decrease in classroom violence. (2024·浙江卷，C)

　　沖突解決程序在亞特蘭大開始后，發(fā)現(xiàn)教室暴力有了下降。 ② This species of bird________________numbers every year.這種鳥的數(shù)量在逐漸下降。 ③In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is________________.

　　在我們學(xué)校迷戀電腦游戲的學(xué)生數(shù)目正在下降。 答案　②is decreasing in　③on the decrease operate vi.運轉(zhuǎn)；運作；做手術(shù)，起作用vt.操作；經(jīng)營

　　(教材原句)Similarly, companies will operate in different ways.相似地，公司會以不同的方式運行。

　　觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義 ①The doctors operated on her stomach last night.________ ②No one can operate the new machine except the engineer.______ ③The workers have the machine operating day and night.______ ④They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.______ (1)operate on sb/sth給某人/物動手術(shù) (2)operation n．動作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)

　　bring...into operation使生效，實施

　　sth come(s)/go(es) into operation實施，生效

　　in operation在運行中，在生效中 ⑤We must________the plan________as soon as possible.我們必須盡快讓計劃實施。 答案　①做手術(shù)　②操作　③運轉(zhuǎn)　④經(jīng)營　⑤bring；into operation

　　respond vi.反應(yīng)；回復(fù)，回答

　　(教材原句)Many more people will work for small, dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.

　　很多人將在那些充滿活力的小公司里工作，因為這些公司能夠?qū)κ袌龅淖兓杆俚刈龀龇磻?yīng)。 (1)respond to...對……作出回答；作出反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)

　　respond that...回答…… (2)response n．回答；反應(yīng)

　　in response to作為對……的回應(yīng)/回答

　　give/make no response to...對……不予回答/回應(yīng)

　　①Plants make such good companions：they breathe, they bloom, they respond to care and love. (2024·重慶卷完形填空)

　　植物能成為好伙伴，它們呼吸，它們開花，它們對所受到的呵護和愛給予回報。 ②The iphone 5 was developed________customers' demands.

　　為了滿足顧客的需要，開發(fā)了蘋果第五代手機。

　　答案　②in response to envy vt.&n.羨慕，妒忌

　　(教材原句)Welcome to one of the largest collections footwear in the world that will make you green with envy. (2024·安徽卷)

　　歡迎來自世界上最大的鞋類展覽會之一，保證讓你流連忘返。

　　(1)envy sb sth羨慕某人某事

　　envy sb doing羨慕某人做…… (2)feel envy at對……感到妒忌

　　out of envy出于妒忌

　　the envy of妒忌/羨慕的對象 ①I envy you having such a close family.

　　我羨慕你有這么一個親密的家庭。

　　②The girl is better than any other student in the class, which makes her the envy of others.

　　這個女孩比班里其他學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都好，這使她成為了別人羨慕的對象。 ③________， I told our teacher the matter.

　　出于妒忌，我把此事告訴了老師。 答案　③Out of envy make up 占，形成，構(gòu)成；編造，虛構(gòu)；組成；和解，和好；化妝，化裝；彌補(for)

　　(教材原句)Make up information about yourself.

　　編造關(guān)于你自己的信息。

　　觀察句子，寫出下列黑體部分的含義

　　①In order to meet her boyfriend she made up very carefully.______ ②They quarreled the other day but they made up soon.________ ③Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence.________ ④Peasants make up over 80 percent of the population in that developing country.________

　　make up for彌補，補償 make up one's mind下定決心 make out理解；假裝；辯認(rèn)出 make for移向；走向；促成；有利于 ⑤We have to drive fast to make up for the time we lost just now.

　　我們必須開快車以彌補我們剛才失去的時間。 ⑥There is someone outside the window, but I can't_______who it is.

　　窗外有人，但我看不清是誰。 答案　①化妝　②和好　③彌補　④占　⑥make out pay off 得到好結(jié)果，取得成功；還清 (教材原句)This paid off because she won an award for the report. 這些努力得到了回報，因為她那篇報道獲了獎。 pay back償還，歸還；報答；回報；報復(fù) pay for付……的錢，受……的報應(yīng) pay up(把應(yīng)支付的錢)繳清，付清

　　①All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam.

　　所有那幾周的學(xué)習(xí)都會在考試的時候見成效。 ②You'll have to pay off your old loan before being allowed a new one.你必須還清舊債，才能重新貸款。 ③If you don't work now, you'll________it later when you fail your exams.你現(xiàn)在不好好學(xué)，到考試不及格時就得為此而付出代價。 答案　③pay for in case 以防萬一；萬一 (教材原句)Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work, and try to read about new technology. 學(xué)習(xí)幾種軟件以備工作之需，努力了解最新的技術(shù)。in case＋句子 假如，以防 in case of＋n.假如，在……情況下 in that case那樣的話 in any case無論如何，不管怎樣 in no case決不，在任何情況下都不(位于句首時用部分倒裝)

　　①We have to go past your house in any case, so we'll take you home.不管怎樣，我們都要經(jīng)過你家，所以我們會送你回去。 ②Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.

　　＝Take an umbrella with you________rain.

　　＝It may rain；take an umbrella________.

　　帶把傘以防下雨。 ③________ should the patient be allowed to get up until he has recovered from his illness.

　　病人要痊愈才能起床。 答案　②in case of；in case　③In no case [句 式 詮 釋] (教材原句)The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.

　　她一停止問問題，我就站起來，走出了房間。 ②He recognized her instantly he caught a glimpse of her.他一看見她就認(rèn)出她了。 ③No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.

　　________ had the game started ________ it began to rain heavily.活動剛開始，天就下起了大雨。 答案　③Hardly/Scarcely；when 礎(chǔ)知識通關(guān)點 考點歸納拓展 [寫 作 必 備] 基礎(chǔ)詞匯 1．a(chǎn)chieve v．實現(xiàn) 2．motivate v.

　　激發(fā)，促動 3．patient adj.

　　有耐心的 4．director n.

　　董事；負(fù)責(zé)人 5．intelligent adj.

　　有智力的 6．frank adj.

　　坦誠的

　　·必考話題14　個人情況 7．married

　　已婚的 8．slim adj.

　　苗條的 9．dream of

　　夢想…… 10．come true

　　實現(xiàn) 11．a(chǎn)pply for

　　申請 12．feel proud of

　　為……感到自豪

　　提分句型 1．I'm a curious person，and I'm very interested in learning new things.我是個充滿好奇心的人，我對于學(xué)習(xí)新的事物感到很有興趣。 2．I think I'm reasonably optimistic by nature.

　　我想我生性是相當(dāng)樂觀的。 3．I'm quite hard-working，responsible，capable and outgoing.我覺得自己是個工作勤奮、負(fù)責(zé)、能干而且性格外向的人。 4．I am self-confident and optimistic.When it comes to work，I always get the job done，for I'd like to be thought of as someone who can be trusted.

　　我是個自信又樂觀的人。在工作方面，我一向能貫徹使命。因為，我喜歡被當(dāng)做是可以信賴的人。

　　[美 文 賞 析] 素材示例　(2024·鄭州模擬)最近，你針對同學(xué)們的理想進行了一個調(diào)查，下圖反映了你調(diào)查的結(jié)果。請根據(jù)圖畫的內(nèi)容，寫一篇英語發(fā)言稿，向同學(xué)們介紹你的調(diào)查情況，并談?wù)勀銓φ{(diào)查結(jié)果的看法。 詞數(shù)：100左右。

　　____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ As the above pictures show，students in my class have different dreams for their future.Here are the results of my survey①： The boy with a cap says he wants to be a scientist when he grows up；a girl with glasses says she dreams of becoming a writer；a girl in green says she is looking forward to becoming a

　　singer；another boy says he wants to become a millionaire like Bill Gates. 佳作播報

　　I am delighted to see everyone has his/her own dreams.It is dreams that motivate us to keep on trying until we achieve our goal. We

　　should work hard in order to make our dreams come true.It is no use daydreaming.② 1．Here are the results of my survey.此句使用了全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。here位于句首時，若主語是名詞句子要用全部倒裝。

　　[模擬]　Here is the milkman，who has two daughters.送奶工來了，他有兩個女兒。 2．It is no use daydreaming.此句中it作形式主語，真正的主語是后邊的動名詞daydreaming.

　　[模擬]　It is no use crying over spilt milk.

　　[諺語]牛奶灑了，哭也無用(覆水難收)。

　　Ⅰ.核心單詞 1．________(vt.)羨慕，妒忌→________(adj.)羨慕的；忌妒的 2．________(v.)減少，降低 3．________(vt.)任命，指派；預(yù)約，安排→________(n.)約定，約會；任命；委派 4．________(adj.)不合法的，違法的→________(adj.)合法的 5．________(n.)指導(dǎo)→________(n.)向?qū)В瑢?dǎo)游(v.)帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)

　　6．________(n.)片刻，瞬息(adj.)瞬間的，立即的，緊急的→________(adv.)即刻地，馬上地→________(n.)例子；事例；情況 7．________(adj.)附近的，周圍的→________(v.)包圍，圍繞→________(n.)環(huán)境 8．________(v.)仔細(xì)檢查→________(n.)檢查，視察→________(n.)檢查員，視察員 9．________(n.)光榮，榮譽→________(adj.)光榮的，榮耀的 10．________(v.)猶豫，躊躇→________(n.)猶豫，躊躇 11．________(vt.)收費，要價(n.)負(fù)責(zé) 12．________(n.)獎賞 13．________(vt.)投入；使承諾→________(n.)承諾 14．________(vt.)請教，查閱→________(n.)顧問 15．________(n.)&(vt.)(使)安慰，舒適→________(adj.)安慰的，舒適的 16．________(v.)操作，做手術(shù)→________(n.)操作，手術(shù)→________(n.)操作員；接線員 17．________(vi.)回復(fù)，回答；反應(yīng)；承擔(dān)責(zé)任→________(n.)回復(fù)，響應(yīng)，反應(yīng)，回答→________(adj.)有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的→_______(adv.)負(fù)責(zé)地→________(n.)責(zé)任，職責(zé)，義務(wù)

　　18．________(vt.)區(qū)別，辨別；表現(xiàn)突出→________(adj.)易分辯出的，區(qū)分得開的→________(adj.)著名的，卓越的 答案　1.envy；envious　2.decrease/reduce　3.appoint； appointment　4.illegal；legal　5.guidance；guide　 6.instant；instantly；instance　7.surrounding；surround； surroundings　8.inspect；inspection；inspector　9.glory； glorious　 10.hesitate；hesitation　11.charge　12.reward　13.commit；commitment　14.consult；consultant 15．comfort；comfortable　16.operate；operation；operator

　　17．respond；response；responsible；responsibly；responsibility　18.distinguish；distinguishable；distinguished Judgement of being illegal or not needs wisdom and guidance.Never hesitate to consult about the charge of insurance in that institute. ——詞不離句，句不離段 Ⅱ.重點短語 1．接管，控制 ________________ 2．編造

　　________________ 3．假稱；聽出，看出

　　________________ 4．討論，細(xì)談

　　________________ 5．大聲地說，自由而大膽地說出

　　________________ 6．坐直

　　________________ 7．信任，信仰

　　________________ 8．turn over

　　________________ 9．pay off

　　________________

　　10．keep up with

　　________________ 11．in case

　　________________ 12．due to