2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語精品學(xué)案（廣東專用）第6模塊 讀寫任務(wù) 模塊導(dǎo)讀
第6模塊 讀寫任務(wù)
考綱解讀
讀寫任務(wù)是廣東省高考英語的新題型，它要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成兩項(xiàng)任務(wù)：使用約30個(gè)詞概括要點(diǎn)；使用約120個(gè)詞寫一篇符合要求的短文。這一題型旨在考查學(xué)生“用英語獲取信息、處理信息、傳達(dá)信息的能力，分析問題、解決問題的能力以及用英語進(jìn)行表達(dá)的能力”，即“綜合語言運(yùn)用能力”，體現(xiàn)了新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)改革在廣東考試改革中的力度。
廣東高考英語讀寫任務(wù)考查內(nèi)容
廣東高考英語讀寫任務(wù)命題的body部分不外乎兩個(gè)題材，一是議論文，二是夾敘夾議的文章。
這樣的命題，不但著重考查考生的思維能力，更考查對語篇的思維深度，同時(shí)考查現(xiàn)在中學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力。高中學(xué)生已走近成人階段，具備了一定的知識儲(chǔ)備和社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，認(rèn)知能力已經(jīng)達(dá)到了相對較高的水平。這樣的命題體現(xiàn)了新課標(biāo)“以人為本”、“為學(xué)生的終生發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)”的精神，反映了測試內(nèi)容與社會(huì)進(jìn)步、學(xué)生經(jīng)驗(yàn)的聯(lián)系。既體現(xiàn)了科學(xué)和人文素養(yǎng)，也發(fā)掘了素質(zhì)教育的因素，對學(xué)生有很好的教育意義。
命題分析
應(yīng)試點(diǎn)睛
2024年考生需要在素材上有所準(zhǔn)備。腦海中應(yīng)至少積累兩到三個(gè)自己或他人的、具有真情實(shí)感且表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確無誤的記敘小段落——如描寫助人為樂的、描寫親情可貴的、描寫誠實(shí)真摯的或描寫壞人壞事的記敘小段落。積累了這些素材以后，在考場中可以靈活運(yùn)用。
讀寫任務(wù)在廣東高考英語試卷中占據(jù)很大比重，而又是主觀化評判很高的部分。因此，考生應(yīng)該努力通過作文亮點(diǎn)的創(chuàng)設(shè)，給閱卷老師留下良好的主觀印象。
在寫作中，應(yīng)注意以下問題。
1. 合理使用非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、含有with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句子以及it開頭的句型。這些句型出現(xiàn)在文章各段首，讓文章錦上添花。
It is wildly believed/ thought/ accepted that knowledge is power.
Only in this way/ by doing that can /will we do
something ...
2. 適當(dāng)用被動(dòng)代替主動(dòng)，這樣能更客觀地反映事實(shí)。如用“Attention should be paid to...”來結(jié)尾會(huì)比“We should pay attention to...”更好。
3. 在正反闡釋文中有一句話重復(fù)率非常高：“Some people think...while others think...”，這種表達(dá)很容易讓你的作文在眾多的考卷中跳出來，奪人眼球。
4. 能用短語不用單詞。短語的使用也是彰顯寫作功力的一種極佳方法。它的優(yōu)勢：a.增加文章亮點(diǎn)；b.改變自己寫文章總是寥寥數(shù)語湊不夠詞數(shù)的痛苦記憶。如：用“Your words are not enough to bear out your innocence.”來代替“Your words are not enough to prove your innocence.”會(huì)更好一些。
5. 多用詞義具體的實(shí)詞，少用虛詞，也是一個(gè)制造亮點(diǎn)的好方法。如：表示一個(gè)人“好”可以使用generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable等具體化的詞匯。
6. 在議論文寫作中，適當(dāng)運(yùn)用諺語，也是給文章增色的手段之一，如：
As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides.”
As is known to all, “No pains, no gains.”
題型探究
探究點(diǎn)一 讀寫任務(wù)的概括
新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞是問題、信息、表達(dá)。以問題為中心， 輸入信息， 表達(dá)思想。這個(gè)思想折射到讀寫任務(wù)的題目設(shè)置上， 文章閱讀是輸入信息， 寫作的題目是我們要解決的問題， 表達(dá)就是我們寫出來的文章。閱讀過后寫出來，就是考查我們處理信息的能力。
概括包括兩個(gè)部分：主題句和支撐句。 前者統(tǒng)攝后者，主題句是關(guān)鍵。
2.概括的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：拋棄次要， 瞄準(zhǔn)寫作目的。
好的概括具有以下一些特點(diǎn)：主題句統(tǒng)攝， 邏輯性強(qiáng)， 信息濃度高， 意義抽象程度高等。讀寫任務(wù)的閱讀材料有多種文體，要針不同文體概括主題，提煉支撐句，力求簡潔明了、一目了然。
【舉例說明】 記敘文的概括
閱讀下面的短文， 然后用約30個(gè)詞概括要點(diǎn)。
The Best Gift
Della and Jim broke away from their families to get married.Now they lived in a small attic of a cold and old building.They were now digesting the hardship of life.The only joy was their sweet love for each other.The handsome husband had to be burdened with a family
though he was young.The beautiful wife took care of the shabby house with the few coins she saved.Christmas was coming.They were thinking of a good gift for each other.Della wore a waterfall of black hair, but her comb was broken.Jim had a gold watch with an old chain, which was passed from his old grandfather.The big day finally came.On arriving home, Jim was surprised to find Della's long hair cut short.But Della was also surprised to find Jim's gold watch gone.She had sold her hair to buy a gold watch chain for him! He had sold his gold watch to buy an expensive comb for her!
The gifts were now useless.But in fact they got the best gifts.
我們首先分析一下學(xué)生的樣本， 看看存在什么問題， 要如何改進(jìn)。
【學(xué)生樣本1】
This passage tells us a story about a couple.They sold the most valuable thing for themselves to buy a gifts for each other.Even though the gifts became useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.
【學(xué)生樣本2】
This story tells us that a husband Jim and a wife Della love each other.On Christmas, they send the best gifts to each other, but each lose their dear thing.The gifts are useless.
【評論點(diǎn)撥】 兩個(gè)樣本都表達(dá)了一些關(guān)鍵的詞語(Della, Jim, love, gift等), 但是從“主題句統(tǒng)攝支撐句”的要求來看， 與記敘文的文體目的配合不夠完美。記敘文要求故事的“教化”意義， 它的背后隱藏著“這個(gè)故事教育我們什么”的目的， 即是“故事情節(jié)＋主題”的深層結(jié)構(gòu)。
我們寫概括的時(shí)候， 主題句最好瞄準(zhǔn)故事的深層寫作目的， 然后支撐句寫故事的大意。樣本1的主題句沒有樣本2好。樣本1比較空洞， 讀者看不出故事的主題， 且有不少的語法錯(cuò)誤；樣本2沒有點(diǎn)明禮物，說到了兩個(gè)人之間的“l(fā)ove”。 但是樣本1后面的支撐句Even though the gifts became useless, they (had) received the best gift(s) indeed.說明了故事的情節(jié)和目的， 又比樣本2好。因此， 兩個(gè)樣本差不多， 可以評3～4分(滿分5分)。
探究點(diǎn)二 記敘文表達(dá)的繁與簡
記敘文的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)在于多個(gè)“進(jìn)展＋評議”推進(jìn)故事的情節(jié)發(fā)展。除了這個(gè)以外， 表達(dá)的繁與簡也是一個(gè)非常重要的問題。這里的繁與簡有兩重意思：第一是內(nèi)容描寫的繁與簡， 就是文字的多少；第二是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的繁與簡， 就是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜程度。
繁與簡都是必要的寫作手法， 它們的運(yùn)用取決于寫作的目的。寫作時(shí)， 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的繁與簡取決于兩個(gè)因素：第一是同學(xué)們自己的語言水平。 語言水平比較低的時(shí)候， 復(fù)雜的句子意思表達(dá)往往不夠清晰， 我們建議用簡單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)提高語法的準(zhǔn)確率。第二是寫作目的。 在某種程度上，它要求復(fù)雜或者簡單的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與之相對應(yīng)。
1．意思清晰是大前提
我們首先要清楚一個(gè)概念：使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和“大詞”并不等于語言“高級”， 與語言環(huán)境相互配合的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語才是真正的高級。例如：凱撒大帝征服高盧時(shí)說：
I came. I saw. I conquered.
句子簡短有力， 決心堅(jiān)定。英國首相丘吉爾也說， 短詞比大詞更加有表現(xiàn)力， 大詞小用是很可笑的， 例如：
Tom is a 5-year-old wise and sagacious boy.
試問， 一個(gè)5歲大的小孩怎么能夠像圣人那樣“睿智”(sagacious)呢？
如果我們盲目地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)， 不一定就有好的效果， 結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜度把握不好， 會(huì)損害意思的清晰度。例如： 下面這段話含有76個(gè)單詞，6個(gè)從句的句子到底是什么意思？
In my opinion, I will say that we here in China today in the beginning of the 21st century often place a high value on the successful achievement of an education on the college level and it seems to me that the reason why_we believe this is that_college is the place where a young man or woman is first helped to begin to grasp and understand what the true meaning of life really is.
倒不如簡單地說成：
The Chinese people now value college education because it helps a student to understand the meaning of life.
所以， 句子復(fù)雜程度要服務(wù)于意思的清晰度。
2．句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜度服務(wù)于寫作目的
下面的文章用簡單句比較多， 20個(gè)句子中只有3個(gè)復(fù)合句， 復(fù)雜度為15%。
【樣本1】 簡單句多
I will never forget that special day I spent with my mother.Mother could only wear soft shoes after the operation.But her old ones were worn out.It was Mother’s Day.I bought my mother a pair of sport shoes with the money saved.
“Mum, I am back.” But I received no answer.It was quite unusual.I stepped into mother’s room, only to find her in bed.She was finally ill with heavy work, unable to hear me in her sweet dream...
I put aside the box and tiptoed into the kitchen.After some time, I put hot porridge beside her bed.Mother’s gray hairs spread on the pillow and shone in the
sunshine from the window.I began to comb her hair.I felt sour in my throat.Suddenly mother woke up and found what I was doing.
...
精心雕琢的簡單句更符合敘述的過程， 周圍的句子都是簡單句， 形成一致的干脆敘事風(fēng)格。
【樣本2】 復(fù)合句多
“Mum，I am back.”But after I received no answer, which was quite unusual, I stepped into mother’s room, only to find her in bed, who was finally ill with heavy work, unable to hear me in her sweet dream...
Putting aside the box, I tiptoed into the kitchen, from which I took hot porridge beside her bed after some time.Mother’s gray hairs spread on the pillow and
shone in the sunshine from the window.When I was combing her hair, I felt sour in my throat.As soon as mother woke up, she at once found what I was doing.
...
比較不難發(fā)現(xiàn)句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜了， 但是干脆利落的敘事風(fēng)格卻消失了。
探究點(diǎn)三 夾敘夾議文的寫作
夾敘夾議的寫作誰都會(huì)寫， 但是要寫好卻不容易。文章內(nèi)容要素包括who, what, when, where, how。如果我們對敘事的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析， 可以發(fā)現(xiàn)夾敘夾議文寫作的具體過程是：點(diǎn)題(abstract), 指向(orientation), 進(jìn)展 (action)，評議(evaluation), 結(jié)果(result)和回應(yīng)(coda)。為了解決以上的問題， 下面向同學(xué)們介紹一種夾敘夾議文的創(chuàng)作方法。具體的敘述過程可以體現(xiàn)在下面“武松打虎”的故事里。
【欣賞評論】
從上述故事來看， 采用的是第三人稱Wu Song。作者沒有出場， 是隱藏的， 沒有出現(xiàn)在文章中， 但是他(她)更像一位無所不知的旁觀者， 等待適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)向讀者“拋售”他(她)隱藏的情感與價(jià)值觀念(例如：What a great hero Wu was！強(qiáng)烈暗示了對武松的褒揚(yáng)， 讀者的情感不自覺地被引導(dǎo)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)), 這些隱藏的情感與價(jià)值觀念就是寫作的動(dòng)機(jī)， 也就是寫的作目的。
探究點(diǎn)四 議論文的寫作方法
議論文的寫作目的是企圖勸說讀者接受作者的觀點(diǎn)或者立場，因此文章必須具有很強(qiáng)的說服力。雄辯的邏輯和例子都可以增強(qiáng)說服力。因此， 議論文的內(nèi)容必須是精心挑選的， 必須是能夠說明問題的， 必須是在論點(diǎn)的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)之下的。
議論文有不同的形式， 例如概念討論型、觀點(diǎn)對立型、觀點(diǎn)論證型、現(xiàn)象討論型、問題解決型等。
無論議論文是什么形式， 它必須具有論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證。論點(diǎn)是作者試圖讓讀者接受的觀點(diǎn)。論據(jù)是用以證明論點(diǎn)成立的證據(jù)。論證是論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過程， 包括材料的選擇、安排、詳略、比例，邏輯關(guān)系的發(fā)展等。
【舉例說明】
【寫作內(nèi)容】 (閱讀材料略)
1．概括短文的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)， 該部分的詞數(shù)大約30；
2．就“好學(xué)生的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”這個(gè)主題發(fā)表你的看法， 至少包括以下的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)， 該部分的詞數(shù)大約120：
(1)敘述你班上一位好學(xué)生(假設(shè)叫John)是如何度過一天的；
(2)你認(rèn)為好學(xué)生應(yīng)該具有什么素質(zhì)？
【評論點(diǎn)撥】 這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章， 第一個(gè)問題“敘述你班上一位好學(xué)生(假設(shè)叫John)是如何度過一天的”，是記敘文體；第二個(gè)問題“你認(rèn)為好學(xué)生應(yīng)該具有什么素質(zhì)？”是說明議論文體。 “記敘＋說明議論”是這篇文章的文體總特征。
現(xiàn)在， 我們來看看學(xué)生樣本：
What is a good student?
①Students have different opinions on a good student.Nowadays, some students consider entering a good university is the destination of study.②Others think developing personal interests and rewarding specialties are important.
③John is one of the best students in my class.④He comes_to_school_so_early that he can ask his classmates what he doesn’t know.⑤When he is having a class, he concentrates_on it, and find the problem to_ask_teacher after class.⑥When he is in school, he never_wastes_time to do others.⑦He does the same every day.
⑧In my opinion, I think a good student would have such good characters.⑨First, he should have a_good_study_habit.⑩Second, he should set_a_good_goal_to make it come true, because good setting is the strongest force for human motivation.?Third, he should not_waste_time to do others, but use it fully and effectively.?Fourth, he should have many_moralities.?With them, students can use_his_knowledge_in_a_correct_way.
【評論點(diǎn)撥】 本文使用5∶5的比例回答文章的兩個(gè)問題。回答第一個(gè)問題使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)， 說明John每天的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)， 畫線部分能夠抓住最為重要的事件來寫， 比較典型。回答第二個(gè)問題使用并列式， 畫線部分能夠扣緊“好學(xué)生”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 但是信息分類比較凌亂。我們建議按照語言的精煉原則修改， 第一個(gè)問題表達(dá)要更加地道；第二個(gè)問題按照德智體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行分類， 使信息更加清晰。
【參考范文】
The Qualities of a Good Student
This text discussed the different standards of a good student.The judgment changes from being good at school subjects in the past to entering a good university at present.However, now many prefer to develop personal interests and specialties.
John is taken as an ideal good student in my class.He gets up early to work hard at math problems.He arrives at school earliest to read English and review vocabularies.He listens critically and takes notes selectively.After lunch and supper at school, he does homework and reviews lessons.The time before bed is for reading.But he has no time for sports and is weak and often ill.
In my opinion, John is not yet a completely “good student”．My ideas for a good student are as follows.
First, a good student should know how to learn.He should enjoy learning to find pleasure.The final aim of learning is not to remember facts but to use them to create. Second, he should know how to build up a good body.A wise head on a weak shoulder cannot work under high pressure in modern society. Third, he must have a healthy and balanced mind.With a good personality, he can stand the test of success and failure, and survive an easy or a difficult personal relationship.
探究點(diǎn)五 說明文與議論文的組合
說明與議論都是非常重要的寫作方法， 但是說明文與議論文還是有比較大的差異。它們有相似的地方， 例如都有說理的部分， 但角度不盡相同。
