2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)講練：第十專題
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 1. 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常見形式。 2. 考查混合虛擬條件句和隱含虛擬條件句。 3. 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)氣的辨析,從上下文語(yǔ)境辨析說(shuō)話人的真 實(shí)語(yǔ)意;考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)氣的混合使用。 4. 根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣提供的條件來(lái)確定真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣中動(dòng)詞的形式。 考點(diǎn)1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況,條件 從句用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鳥的話,我就能飛了。 2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 條件從句用“had +過(guò)去分詞”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我們 早點(diǎn)出發(fā),就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這趟列車了。 3.表示與將來(lái)情形相反的假設(shè)或極少有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況 條件從句用“動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should +動(dòng)詞原形或were to +動(dòng)詞原形 ”,主句用“would / should / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques- tions.如果李教授明天有時(shí)間的話,我們就可以問(wèn)他問(wèn)題了。 考點(diǎn)2 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí) 間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思 采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午帶上雨衣的話,我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。(從句指過(guò) 去,主句指現(xiàn)在) 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)3 含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是沒有 你的建議,我就不會(huì)那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那時(shí)我太 忙了,否則我就會(huì)幫助你們了。 注1:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 注2:當(dāng)insist表示“強(qiáng)調(diào);堅(jiān)持(某種觀點(diǎn)、看法)”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陳述語(yǔ)氣) 考點(diǎn)4 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 在書面語(yǔ)中,如果虛擬條件從句里含有should, had, were時(shí),則可 將從屬連詞if省去,將這三個(gè)詞放在句首形成部分倒裝。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置 上,他也會(huì)那么做。 考點(diǎn)5 賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中,要用“(should +) 動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等。由上述動(dòng)詞派生 或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建議我們放棄這項(xiàng) 計(jì)劃。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建議是讓我們 放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我贊成她讓 我們放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃的建議。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)6 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在“It is / was + 某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞+ that從句”句型中,that 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”,表示驚 奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿等。這些形容詞有:important, necessary, es- sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston- ishing, surprising; 過(guò)去分詞有:desired, suggested, requested, recom- mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然沒有被邀請(qǐng), 真是奇怪。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,通常可以譯成 “但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。從句的謂語(yǔ) 形式如下: 1.表示現(xiàn)在:用過(guò)去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.
2.表示將來(lái):用“could / would +動(dòng)詞原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示過(guò)去:用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考點(diǎn)8 if only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其用法同 wish的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司機(jī)要是不開那么快就好了。 考點(diǎn)9 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在would rather后接從句中的用法 1.從句指過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí) I??d rather you had seen me.
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.從句指現(xiàn)在、將來(lái),用一般過(guò)去時(shí) I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考點(diǎn)10 as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish的賓語(yǔ)從句 的虛擬形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)就像他是 美國(guó)人似的。 考點(diǎn)11 look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“as if / though”從句中的虛擬語(yǔ) 氣 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 在look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“as if / though”引導(dǎo)的從句,當(dāng)表示 真實(shí)情況時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣;否則就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It seems as if they know each other. 他們好像彼此認(rèn)識(shí)。(真實(shí)情況) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) 考點(diǎn)12 “It is (about / high) + that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人們學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候了。 考點(diǎn)13 in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,也可用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過(guò) 去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I ???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied B.would study C.had studied
D.was studying 【答案與解析】C 句意:如果我當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)的理科而不是文科,那么我 現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與 過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,if引導(dǎo)的從句用had +過(guò)去分詞。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.(2011陜西) I ???? through that bitter period without your gen- erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go
D.hadn??t gone 【答案與解析】A 句意:如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話,我不可能熬 過(guò)那段艱苦的日子。without your generous help相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,所以 主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn??t have done 結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended
B.had attended C.would attend
D.would have attended 【答案與解析】D 句意:“很可惜,你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次有關(guān)核污染的演 講。”“我本來(lái)要參加,但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試。”根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi) 容可知,設(shè)空處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用would have done。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ???? always late.
A.weren??t
B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案與解析】A 句意:“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他 們徹底破壞了。”“我希望他們不要總是遲到。”本題考查虛擬 語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過(guò) 去時(shí),與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反, 所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 5.(2011江西) We ???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put
B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案與解析】D 句意:要不是John最近受了傷,我們昨天就把他 的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知,設(shè)空處為 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 1. 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常見形式。 2. 考查混合虛擬條件句和隱含虛擬條件句。 3. 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)氣的辨析,從上下文語(yǔ)境辨析說(shuō)話人的真 實(shí)語(yǔ)意;考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣和陳述語(yǔ)氣的混合使用。 4. 根據(jù)虛擬語(yǔ)氣提供的條件來(lái)確定真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣中動(dòng)詞的形式。 考點(diǎn)1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性不大的情況,條件 從句用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were), 主句用“would / should / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 If I were a bird, I could fly. 要是我是一只鳥的話,我就能飛了。 2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 條件從句用“had +過(guò)去分詞”,主句用“would / should / could / might + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。 If we had started earlier, we would not have missed the train. 如果我們 早點(diǎn)出發(fā),就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這趟列車了。 3.表示與將來(lái)情形相反的假設(shè)或極少有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況 條件從句用“動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或should +動(dòng)詞原形或were to +動(dòng)詞原形 ”,主句用“would / should / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him ques- tions.如果李教授明天有時(shí)間的話,我們就可以問(wèn)他問(wèn)題了。 考點(diǎn)2 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句 通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí) 間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思 采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. 如果今天上午帶上雨衣的話,我現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)淋濕了。(從句指過(guò) 去,主句指現(xiàn)在) 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)3 含蓄條件句 有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise, or, but, without, but for等來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 要是沒有 你的建議,我就不會(huì)那么成功地完成它。 I was so busy then, otherwise / or I would have helped you. 那時(shí)我太 忙了,否則我就會(huì)幫助你們了。 注1:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示;表明”,用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 注2:當(dāng)insist表示“強(qiáng)調(diào);堅(jiān)持(某種觀點(diǎn)、看法)”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 John insisted that his wallet had been stolen by Bob.(陳述語(yǔ)氣) 考點(diǎn)4 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 在書面語(yǔ)中,如果虛擬條件從句里含有should, had, were時(shí),則可 將從屬連詞if省去,將這三個(gè)詞放在句首形成部分倒裝。 Were he in your position, he??d have done the same.如果他在你的位置 上,他也會(huì)那么做。 考點(diǎn)5 賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在suggest, propose, recommend, demand, request, require, com- 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 mand, order, insist, desire, urge 等詞的賓語(yǔ)從句中,要用“(should +) 動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表示愿望、建議、命令、要求等。由上述動(dòng)詞派生 或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句也要用相應(yīng)的虛擬形式。 She suggests that we (should) give up the plan. 她建議我們放棄這項(xiàng) 計(jì)劃。 Her suggestion is that we (should) give up the plan.她的建議是讓我們 放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 I agree to her suggestion that we (should) give up the plan. 我贊成她讓 我們放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃的建議。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)6 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在“It is / was + 某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞+ that從句”句型中,that 從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”,表示驚 奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿等。這些形容詞有:important, necessary, es- sential, natural, strange, advisable, desirable, possible, probable, aston- ishing, surprising; 過(guò)去分詞有:desired, suggested, requested, recom- mended, ordered, proposed, decided等。 It is strange that she shouldn??t have been invited. 她竟然沒有被邀請(qǐng), 真是奇怪。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 考點(diǎn)7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 在wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,通常可以譯成 “但愿……”,“要是……就好了”,“可惜……”等。從句的謂語(yǔ) 形式如下: 1.表示現(xiàn)在:用過(guò)去式 He wishes that he were a scientist.
2.表示將來(lái):用“could / would +動(dòng)詞原形” I wish I could fly to the moon one day in the future. 3.表示過(guò)去:用過(guò)去完成時(shí) 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 I wish I had come earlier. 考點(diǎn)8 if only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其用法同 wish的賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同。 If only the driver didn??t drive so fast!司機(jī)要是不開那么快就好了。 考點(diǎn)9 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在would rather后接從句中的用法 1.從句指過(guò)去,用過(guò)去完成時(shí) I??d rather you had seen me.
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.從句指現(xiàn)在、將來(lái),用一般過(guò)去時(shí) I??d rather you went with me tomorrow. 考點(diǎn)10 as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在as if / though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish的賓語(yǔ)從句 的虛擬形式相同。 He speaks English as if he were an American. 他說(shuō)起英語(yǔ)來(lái)就像他是 美國(guó)人似的。 考點(diǎn)11 look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“as if / though”從句中的虛擬語(yǔ) 氣 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 在look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“as if / though”引導(dǎo)的從句,當(dāng)表示 真實(shí)情況時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣;否則就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It seems as if they know each other. 他們好像彼此認(rèn)識(shí)。(真實(shí)情況) It seems as if it were already spring. 好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣) 考點(diǎn)12 “It is (about / high) + that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 It is high time that people leant English. 到了人們學(xué)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候了。 考點(diǎn)13 in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 在in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,也可用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過(guò) 去式。 He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged. 他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了。 ?
知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 1.(2011北京) Maybe if I ???? science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A.studied B.would study C.had studied
D.was studying 【答案與解析】C 句意:如果我當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)的理科而不是文科,那么我 現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與 過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,if引導(dǎo)的從句用had +過(guò)去分詞。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 2.(2011陜西) I ???? through that bitter period without your gen- erous help. A.couldn??t have goneB.didn??t go C.wouldn??t go
D.hadn??t gone 【答案與解析】A 句意:如果沒有你的慷慨相助的話,我不可能熬 過(guò)那段艱苦的日子。without your generous help相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句if it hadn??t been for your generous help, 此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,所以 主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn??t have done 結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 3.(2011福建)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ???? it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A.attended
B.had attended C.would attend
D.would have attended 【答案與解析】D 句意:“很可惜,你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次有關(guān)核污染的演 講。”“我本來(lái)要參加,但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試。”根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi) 容可知,設(shè)空處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用would have done。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 4.(2011北京) —Where are the children? The dinner??s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ???? always late.
A.weren??t
B.hadn??t been C.wouldn??t be D.wouldn??t have been 【答案與解析】A 句意:“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他 們徹底破壞了。”“我希望他們不要總是遲到。”本題考查虛擬 語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過(guò) 去時(shí),與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反, 所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究 5.(2011江西) We ???? John??s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put
B.will have put C.would put D.would have put 【答案與解析】D 句意:要不是John最近受了傷,我們昨天就把他 的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知,設(shè)空處為 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”。 知識(shí)盤點(diǎn) 真題探究
