高三英語詞法精練：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣（一）

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　　Tom, you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

　　A. wouldn’t

　　B. mustn’t

　　C. needn’t

　　D. may not

　　It is a good example of a site that many people think _____ to change.

　　A. need

　　B. to need

　　C. needs

　　D. needing

　　I _____ you would come today. You _____ me a phone call in advance.

　　A. don’t expect; should have given

　　B. didn’t expect; could have given

　　C. hadn’t expected; ought to give

　　D. didn’t expect; can have given

　　—Could I borrow your dictionary?

　　-—Yes, of course you _____.

　　A. could

　　B. will C. can

　　D. might

　　If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____ now.

　　A. wouldn’t be smiling

　　B. couldn’t have smiled

　　C. won’t smile

　　D. didn’t smile

　　Why _____ you always interrupt me?

　　A. must

　　B. may

　　C. can

　　D. will

　　He _____ without saying good-bye to them, for he always has good manners.

　　A. mustn’t have left

　　B. may not leave

　　C. shouldn’t have left

　　D. can’t have left

　　—Don’t forget to take the message to my teacher.

　　—_____.

　　A. Yes, I will

　　B. No, I won’t

　　C. I don’t’ think so

　　D. Sorry, I don’t

　　The poor boy _____ the test again; in that case, his mother will be very disappointed.

　　A. must have failed

　　B. might fail

　　C. could have failed

　　D. should fail

　　— Write to me when you get home.

　　— __________.

　　A. I must

　　B. I should

　　C. I will

　　D. I can

　　Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

　　A. shouldn’t eat

　　B. mustn’t have eaten

　　C. shouldn’t have eaten

　　D. mustn’t eat

　　I have lost one of my gloves. I _____ it somewhere.

　　A. must drop

　　B. must have dropped

　　C. must be dropping

　　D. must have been dropped

　　The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______ be very slow.

　　A. should

　　B. must

　　C. will

　　D. can

　　This cake is very sweet. You _____ a lot of sugar in it.

　　A. should put

　　B. could have put

　　C. might put

　　D. must have put

　　If you listen to me, you ____have some candies, Tommy.

　　A. are able to

　　B. shall

　　C. must

　　D. need

　　In the summer vacation we____ often take a walk along the river.

　　A might

　　B could

　　C would

　　D should

　　--What will you do during winter vacation?

　　--I don’t know, but it’s about time ____ something.

　　A I’m deciding

　　B I’ll decide

　　C I’d decided

　　D I decided

　　I’ve tried several times, but the car just _______.

　　A. doesn’t start

　　B. wouldn’t start

　　C. won’t start

　　D. didn’t start

　　Sorry I’m late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

　　A. might

　　B. should

　　C. can

　　D. will

　　—We need a person badly to think up such an idea.

　　—_______ the new comer have a try?

　　A. Shall

　　B. May

　　C. Should

　　D. Need

　　—Is there any flight to Tokyo today?

　　— I think there _____, for the weather is too bad.

　　A. mustn’t be

　　B. mightn’t be

　　C. needn’t be

　　D. can’t be

　　—Is there a fog in the evening?

　　—There _______ be. I’ll make a phone call to find it out.

　　A. must

　　B. would

　　C. will

　　D. might

　　—I hear you have written a novel.

　　—Yes, the book ________ be out in a month or so.

　　A. can

　　B. dare

　　C. should

　　D. need

　　—Why didn’t you attend the lecture yesterday?

　　—I didn’t think that we _______ on Sundays.

　　A. should

　　B. ought to have

　　C. shouldn’t have

　　D. will have to

　　He _______ Shanghai, for I saw him talking with the headmaster a moment ago.

　　A. must have gone to

　　B. can’t have gone to

　　C. mustn’t have been to

　　D. can’t have been to

　　She is too slow. She ________ pass the test, but she __________ too little.

　　A. would; knew

　　B. will; knows

　　C. would; knows

　　D. will; knew

　　--What do you think of it?

　　--I think it is a thing of importance that it ____ done soon.

　　A. is

　　B. is to be

　　C. be

　　D. to be

　　Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

　　A. can

　　B. should

　　C. may

　　D. must

　　You _____ pay your library fines. If not, you _____ not be allowed to graduate.

　　A. may; should

　　B. should; need

　　C. must; will

　　D. will; can

　　The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm, otherwise the accident ______.

　　A. couldn’t be prevented

　　B. mustn’t have prevented

　　C. wouldn’t have been prevented

　　D. shouldn’t prevent

　　My aunt _____ here by now, for she took the early bus.

　　A. must arrive

　　B. can arrive

　　C. may arrive

　　D. ought to have arrived

　　You _____ phone him if you want to, but you _____! He will surely phone you.

　　A. may; mustn’t

　　B. have to; needn’t

　　C. can; needn’t

　　D. can; doesn’t need

　　— Is John coming by train?

　　— He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car.

　　A. must

　　B. can

　　C. need

　　D. may

　　I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

　　A. shouldn’t

　　B. couldn’t

　　C. mustn’t

　　D. needn’t

　　We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.

　　A must have studied

　　B might study

　　C should have studied

　　D would study

　　Jane’s pale face suggested that she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she ____ a medical examination.

　　A be; should have

　　B was; have

　　C should be; had

　　D was; has

　　Haven’t I told you that you __________ have the answer tomorrow morning?

　　A. will

　　B. shall

　　C. should

　　D. would

　　—I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _________ cats and dogs.

　　—You __________ by bus. It was likely to get a cold.

　　A. is raining; must have gone

　　B. rained; would go

　　C. was mining; should have gone

　　D. have rained; could have gone

　　—Mum, I climbed to get the Teddy Bear from the top of the shelf.

　　—My goodness! You _______ yourself. You ______ do that next time.

　　A. must have hurt; mustn’t

　　B. should have hurt; can’t

　　C. may have hurt; mustn’t

　　D. might have hurt; won’t be able to

　　—Look, John’s fallen asleep.

　　— Oh, he _______ too late last night.

　　A. might sit up

　　B. should have sat up

　　C. could sit up

　　D. must have sat up

　　—Why hasn’t the speaker turned up?

　　—He _________ the flight. I’ll find it out at once.

　　A. must have missed

　　B. might have missed

　　C. would have missed

　　D. could have missed

　　The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.

　　A. shan’t

　　B. can’t

　　C. needn’t

　　D. mustn’t

　　My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where

　　I have put it?

　　A. can

　　B. must

　　C. should

　　D. would

　　—Why am I so slow at doing the cloze test?

　　—I guess you didn’t realize the use _____ the contexts.

　　A. you should have made of

　　B. you must have made from

　　C. of which you could have from

　　D. out of which you need make

　　—May I speak to the patient now?

　　—No, you _____. He is too weak now.

　　A. needn’t

　　B. may not C. mustn’t

　　D. oughtn’t

　　—You know that you were driving at 100 kilometers per hour, don’t you?

　　—No, officer, I _____ have been. This car can’t do more than 80.

　　A. mustn’t

　　B. shouldn’t C. may not

　　D. couldn’t

　　—I didn’t see her yesterday.

　　—Of course, you _____, because she had gone to a trip.

　　A. can’t

　　B. may not have

　　C. can’t have

　　D. mustn’t have

　　The boy stood there without _____ a word.

　　A. dare to say

　　B. daring to say

　　C. dared to say

　　D. dare say

　　His homework______, but it _____.

　　A. needs correcting; needn’t rewriting

　　B. need be corrected; doesn’t need to be rewriting

　　C. needs correcting; needn’t be rewritten

　　D. needs to be corrected; needn’t to be rewritten

　　--- Why is Jenny still standing there? It’s so cold.

　　—She _____ for someone.

　　A. can wait

　　B. might have waited

　　C. must be waiting

　　D. should have waited

　　He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal.

　　A. had scored

　　B. scored

　　C. would score

　　D. would have scored

　　Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _____ go and do the opposite!

　　A. may

　　B. can

　　C. must

　　D. should

　　If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to. I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

　　A. would

　　B. could

　　C. had to

　　D. ought to

　　-Is there any flight to New York today?

　　--I think there ____ be, for the weather is too bad.

　　A mustn’t

　　B may not

　　C shouldn’t

　　D can’t

　　參考答案與解析

　　本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can，動(dòng)作go還未發(fā)生，屬于將來時(shí)；因此，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)；當(dāng)go動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，finish動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成了，故選 C。當(dāng)然，空格出還可以用finish。如：

　　She will go to bed when she has done/ finishes her homework.

　　You can go to play football if you have finished your work.

　　此題考查need的用法，還要理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。that前是個(gè)主句，that引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)定語從句，其先行詞是a site，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)needs，many people think是插入語，空格處是謂語部分。插入語經(jīng)常被出題人放在題目中，使句子復(fù)雜化，增加句子的難度，做題時(shí)可以把插入語去掉，便于理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　need既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可用作行為動(dòng)詞，主要用法如下：

　?、僮髑閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“需要；必須”，后面當(dāng)然跟動(dòng)詞原形，僅用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式是needn’t，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替，如：

　　You needn’t buy the book.

　　—Need I finish the work today?

　　—Yes, you must.

　?、?作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面跟to do，否定形式要用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need，如：

　　He needs to finish it this evening.

　?、?need用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面還可以跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞，此時(shí)含義跟need后面用不定式的含義不一樣?！皀eed +動(dòng)名詞”含有被動(dòng)意義，類似這樣的用法還有有want, require，如：

　　Our classroom needs cleaning. = Our classroom needs to be cleaned. 既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可用作行為動(dòng)詞的還有dare。

　　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。題干意思是“我沒料到你今天會(huì)來。你該事先打電話來”，表示“本沒料到”用過去時(shí)，后面用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，本來可以做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

　　本題中的could也表示請(qǐng)求（而非表示過去時(shí)），語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不可用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)該用can（即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語中），如：

　　—Could I come to see you tomorrow morning?

　　—Yes, you can. （否定答語用No, I’m afraid not.）

　　前半句是虛擬語氣，“要不是我站在梯子下面接住你，你現(xiàn)在不會(huì)站在這里笑了”，表示的是現(xiàn)在的情況，用進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must可以表示“偏偏”的意思，是一種無可奈何的語氣，句子意思是“你為何偏要打斷我呢？”D

　　解本題一定要注意審題，要把題目看完整，才不會(huì)想當(dāng)然選C，根據(jù)后文的for he always has good manners可以斷定“他不可能不打招呼就離開”，用can’t have left.