高中英語 語法精講（Unit 12 Fact and fantasy）人教版
語法精講 前綴與后綴
在一個單詞前或后加上一個詞綴，變成一個新的詞，這種構詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種，加在單詞前的叫前綴，加在后面的叫后綴。
1.前綴
常見的前綴有：
Auto自己的，獨自的：automobile
Bi雙，兩個:bicycle,bilingual(雙語的)
Dis(表否定)不，無：dislike;disable
En,em-使成為：enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的，以前的：exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統)
Extra額外的：extraordinary（非凡的）
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-，im,ir,不，非：incomplete;
illegal(非法的)；immoral;irregular
inter間，相互：international;interaction;
mis誤：misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多，太過：overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新，再：repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面，次于，低于：subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele遠距離：telephone;television
under在……以下：underground
2.名詞后綴
-an/-ian 人：American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion動作，狀態：determination
ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency
-ee動作承受者或受影響者：employee(受雇者)，refugee(難民)
-eer人：engineer,volunteer
er/-or（人或物）:fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主義，……教：communism,socialism
ist 主義者，從事某專業的人：socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行為，結果，狀態，物件，機構等：argument,instrument
ship表狀態，身份：friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表狀態，性質：plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表結果，行為，狀態及實物：pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容詞后綴
-able/-ible能夠：unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的：natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人，地方的：Russian,American
en由……制成的：woolen,wooden
ern表方向：northern,southern
ful充滿……的，有……性質的：careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 關于……的，有……性質，屬于……的：economic,electrical,political
ish似……的，關于……國家（民族，語言）：selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性質的，有……傾向的：
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 無，不：careless,useless
ly像……的，有……性質的：friendly,weekly,manly
ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 問……：downwards, backwards
y 充滿……的，有……性質的：rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.動詞后綴
-en 使成為：fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化：satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……變成：modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副詞后綴
-ly……地：carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地：forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 為名詞，因此需要一形容詞作它的定語。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個享有國際聲譽的科學家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇傭；employee
n. 雇員；employer n. 雇主；employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因為曠工，那位雇員被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表達：fall asleep 入睡，睡著。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向，指導；direct adj. 直接的，v.導演，指導；director n.導演；directly adv.直接地。名詞前應使用形容詞。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.職業；professional adj.專業的；professionally adv.專業地；professor n.教授。professional football 職業籃球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子結構可知，此處應填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結尾，但為形容詞。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修飾形容詞應使用副詞。
答案:C
語法精講 前綴與后綴
在一個單詞前或后加上一個詞綴，變成一個新的詞，這種構詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種，加在單詞前的叫前綴，加在后面的叫后綴。
1.前綴
常見的前綴有：
Auto自己的，獨自的：automobile
Bi雙，兩個:bicycle,bilingual(雙語的)
Dis(表否定)不，無：dislike;disable
En,em-使成為：enable;encourage;embody
Ex前任的，以前的：exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統)
Extra額外的：extraordinary（非凡的）
extramarital(婚姻外的)
in-,il-，im,ir,不，非：incomplete;
illegal(非法的)；immoral;irregular
inter間，相互：international;interaction;
mis誤：misunderstand;misbehave;misplace
over太多，太過：overtime;overwork;overdo
re重新，再：repeat;rewrite;reuse
sub在……的下面，次于，低于：subway,
subsoil,subtitle, subnormal
tele遠距離：telephone;television
under在……以下：underground
2.名詞后綴
-an/-ian 人：American,Italian, musician
tion/-sion動作，狀態：determination
ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency
-ee動作承受者或受影響者：employee(受雇者)，refugee(難民)
-eer人：engineer,volunteer
er/-or（人或物）:fighter,actor,cooker
ess 女性actress;waitress
-ism主義，……教：communism,socialism
ist 主義者，從事某專業的人：socialist,
typist, archaeologist
ment 表行為，結果，狀態，物件，機構等：argument,instrument
ship表狀態，身份：friendship,leadership,
scholarship, relationship
ty 表狀態，性質：plenty, difficulty, anxiety
ure 表結果，行為，狀態及實物：pressure,picture,pleasure
3.形容詞后綴
-able/-ible能夠：unforgetable,responsible,
edible,accessible
al……的：natural,cultural,national,professional
an/-ian人，地方的：Russian,American
en由……制成的：woolen,wooden
ern表方向：northern,southern
ful充滿……的，有……性質的：careful,beautiful,useful
ic/-ical 關于……的，有……性質，屬于……的：economic,electrical,political
ish似……的，關于……國家（民族，語言）：selfish,childish,British,foolish
ive有……性質的，有……傾向的：
attractive,talkative,impressive
less 無，不：careless,useless
ly像……的，有……性質的：friendly,weekly,manly
ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous
-wards 問……：downwards, backwards
y 充滿……的，有……性質的：rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.
4.動詞后綴
-en 使成為：fasten,sharpen,shorten
fy 使……化：satisfy,simplify
ie/-ise使……變成：modernize,realize;
industrialize
5.副詞后綴
-ly……地：carefully,quickly, highly
ward(s)向……地：forward, upwards,
downwards
【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.
A.dislike
B.unlike
C.inlike
D.mislike
解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。
答案:A
【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be
thinkers.
A.independent
B.undependent
C.dispendent
D.misdependent
解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。
答案:A
【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .
A.disappearance
B.unappearance
C.offappearance
D.ilappearance
解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。
答案:A
【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.
A.internationed
B.nation
C.imnational
D.international
解析:reputation 為名詞，因此需要一形容詞作它的定語。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個享有國際聲譽的科學家。”
答案:D
【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.
A.employ
B.employee
C.employer
D.employment
解析:employ v.雇傭；employee
n. 雇員；employer n. 雇主；employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因為曠工，那位雇員被老板解雇了”。
答案:B
【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.freeway
解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。
答案:C
【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.
A.safety
B.save
C.safe
D.safely
解析:safety
n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。
答案:A
【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.
A.sleepy
B.sleeping
C.asleep
D.sleep
解析:固定表達：fall asleep 入睡，睡著。
答案:C
【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.
A.direction
B.direct
C.director
D.directly
解析:direction
n.方向，指導；direct adj. 直接的，v.導演，指導；director n.導演；directly adv.直接地。名詞前應使用形容詞。
答案:B
【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.
A.profession
B.professional
C.professionally
D.professor
解析:profession n.職業；professional adj.專業的；professionally adv.專業地；professor n.教授。professional football 職業籃球。
答案:B
【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an
life according to rules laid down by the government.
A.to order
B.order
C.disorder
D.orderly
解析:由句子結構可知，此處應填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結尾，但為形容詞。
答案:D
【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.
A.slight
B.slighter
C.slightly
D.slightest
解析:修飾形容詞應使用副詞。
答案:C
