2024屆高三英語語法要點細講(高考題+模擬) 專題04 名詞性從句

        雕龍文庫 分享 時間: 收藏本文

        2024屆高三英語語法要點細講(高考題+模擬) 專題04 名詞性從句

          專題04

          名詞性從句

          【考綱解讀】

          名詞性從句是復合句的一種,前幾年高考主要考查賓語從句中用陳述語序以及連接詞的選擇等問題;近幾年對名詞性從句的考查趨于復雜靈活,往往把它與定語從句和狀語從句的知識點放在一起考查,對名詞性從句的考查主要有語序問題、時態的呼應問題和連接詞的選擇。2011年全國卷及地方卷對名詞性從句的考查占了較大比例,有18道考查到該部分,2024年考查的比例更大,有20道題考查了名詞性從句的用法,可見對名詞性從句的重視程度。筆者認為,在單項選擇題中,近幾年題干語境越來越豐富,句子結構也越來越復雜,其中名詞性從句所引起的句子結構的復雜化占了較大比例,命題人側重于對復雜句子結構的考查,是因為能否分析復雜句子結構是掌握英語語言的重要能力之一,所以我們可以斷言,以后的高考題對名詞性從句的考查還會倍加青睞。

          【知識要點】

          一、在句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

          如:Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.(主語從句)

          I don’t know what he means.(賓語從句)

          I’m glad that you are here.(賓語從句用在形容詞之后)

          The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.(介詞賓語從句)

          That was because he was ill.(表語從句)

          The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.(同位語從句)

          二、引導名詞性從句的連接詞

          連接詞 詞義 功能

          that 無詞義 不作成分,只起連接作用

          whether/if 是否 不作成分,起連接作用

          what,which 什么,哪個 作主語、賓語、表語

          who,whom,whose 誰,誰的 作主語、賓語、定語

          when,where,how,why 什么時候/地方,怎么樣,為什么 作狀語

          how many/much 多少 作定語

          how soon/often/long/much 多久,多久一次,多長,多么 作狀語

          ... ... 詞義及功能同疑問詞

          whatever=anything that 無論什么 作主語、賓語、表語、定語

          whosever=anyone whose 無論誰的 作主語、賓語、定語、表語

          whichever=anything that 無論哪個 作賓語、定語、主語、表語

          whoever=anyone who 無論誰 作主語

          whomever=anyone whom 無論誰 作賓語

          1.that引導的從句如果作介詞賓語只可用在except,in,but,besides等少數介詞后。如:

          I could say nothing but that I’m sorry.

          that引導的從句可作it的同位語從句。如:

          You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.

          2.that引導賓語從句時可省略;引導其他名詞性從句時,一般不省略,特別是引導主語從句且位于句首時。如:

          That the earth is round is true.

          The fact that he is a thief got around.

          注意:下面一句中,第一個that可省略,第二個that不可省略:

          He said(that) he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.

          3.whether與if引導名詞性從句時的區別。

          (1)在引導賓語從句時whether與if可互換,但如果和or not連用則只用whether。如:

          I don’t know whether or not he can stay here longer.

          (2)如果賓語從句是否定結構,則用if而不用whether引導。如:

          He asked me if I wasn’t going there.

          (3)介詞賓語從句只能用whether引導。如:

          I’m not interested in whether he is rich.

          (4)引導主語從句、表語從句或同位語從句一般多用whether。如:

          The question is whether you can do it yourself.

          The question whether he will come here himself isn’t decided yet.

          Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.

          (5)用it作形式主語時,whether或if都可以引導主語從句。如:

          It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present.

          4.注意what/whatever;who/whoever;which/whichever的區別。試比較下列句子:

          Whoever will go to the concert please signs your name here.=Anyone who will go to the concert please signs your name here.

          Who will go to the concert isn’t known.=It’s unknown who will go to the concert.

          He won’t believe whatever she says.=No matter what she says,he won’t believe her.

          Whichhever toy you want is yours.=No matter which toy you want,it is yours.

          5.注意how long/how soon/how often/how much的區別。

          How long will he stay here?

          他將在這里待多久?

          How soon can you be ready?

          你多久能準備好?

          How often do you visit her?

          你多長時間去探望她一次?

          How much is that dress?

          那件衣服多少錢?

          6.當主句謂語動詞表示不肯定或懷疑時,賓語從句用whether/if引導;表示有把握時用that引導。如:

          I doubt whether/if he can win the match.

          I don’t doubt that he can win the match.

          7.what與that在引導主語從句時的區別

          what引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that則不然。如: What you said yesterday is right.

          That she is still alive is a fact.

          8.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

          (1)if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

          (2)It is said/reported...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)

          That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)

          (3)It happens...,It occurs...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)

          That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

          (4)It doesn’t matter how/whether....結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)

          Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

          (5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。如:

          Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?(right)

          Is that will rain in the evening likely?(wrong)

          一、主語從句

          主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

          1.it 作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較

          it 作形式主語代替主語從句,主要是為了平衡句子結構,主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調,無論強調的是什么成分,都可用連詞that。被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom。如:

          It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你沒去看那場電影真是遺憾。

          It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功與否對我沒有什么吸引力。

          2.用it 作形式主語的結構

          1)It is +名詞+從句

          It is a fact that ...事實是……

          It is an honor that...非常榮幸

          It is common knowledge that...……是常識

          2)it is +形容詞+從句

          It is natural that...很自然……

          It is strange that...奇怪的是……

          3)it is +不及物動詞+從句

          It seems that...似乎……

          It happened that...碰巧……

          4)it +過去分詞+從句

          It is reported that...據報道……

          It has been proved that...已證實……

          3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

          1)if 引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

          2)It is said ,(reported)...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          據說江主席下周要來我校視察。

          It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.(right)

          That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(wrong)

          3)It happens...,It occurs... 結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          他考試沒及格。

          It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(right)

          That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(wrong)

          4)It doesn’t matter how/whether ...結構中的主語從句不可提前。如:

          他是不是錯了,這一點不重要。

          It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(right)

          Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.(wrong)

          5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時,主語從句不可提前。如:

          傍晚有可能下雨嗎?

          Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

          Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

          4.what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區別

          what 引導主語從句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that 則不然。如:What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天說的是對的。

          二、賓語從句

          賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。

          1.作動詞的賓語

          1)由that引導的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略),如:

          I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。

          2)由what,whether (if)引導的賓語從句,如:

          She did not know what had happened. 她不知道發生了什么事。

          3)動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。如:

          She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我說她愿意接受我的邀請。

          2.作介詞的賓語,如:

          Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

          我們的成功取決于我們的合作情況。

          3.作形容詞的賓語,如:

          I am afraid (that)I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯錯了。

          that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語:

          anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句看作原因狀語從句。

          4.it 可以作為形式賓語

          it不僅可以作為形式主語,還可以作為形式賓語而把真正的賓語that 從句放在句尾,特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。如:

          We heard it that she would get married next month. 我們聽說她打算下個月結婚。

          5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞

          這類動詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語,但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如:

          我非常羨慕他們贏得了比賽的勝利。 

          I admire their winning the match.(right)

          I admire that they won the match.(wrong)

          6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞

          有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+that從句“結構中,常見的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。如:

          作為一個誠實的人,他給經理留下了很深的印象。

          He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)

          He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)

          7.否定的轉移

          若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義,一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上,從句謂語用肯定式。如:I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。)

          三、表語從句

          表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句,放在系動詞之后,一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外,常用的還有The reason is that... 和It is because 等結構。如:

          The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

          問題是我們能否在那么短的時間內作好充分的準備。

          This is why we can’t get the support of the people.

          這就是我們為什么得不到人民支持的原因。

          四、同位語從句

          同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

          1.同位語從句的功能

          同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋,說明名詞的具體內容,一般由that引導。如:

          The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

          國王作出的這名囚犯釋放的決定讓人們大吃一驚。

          2.同位語在句子中的位置

          同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面,而是被別的詞隔開。如:

          He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

          他從瑪麗那里得知運動會要延期舉行。

          3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

          1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞,同時在從句中作某個成分(主語或賓語),而同位語從句中的that是連詞,只起連接主句與從句的作用,不充當句中任何成分。

          2)定語從句是形容詞性的,其功能是修飾先行詞,對先行詞加以限定,描述它的性質或特征;同位語從句是名詞性的,其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。如:

          The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.

          他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。(第一個that引導的從句是定語從句,that在從句中作賓語)

          The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

          湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。(同位語從句,that在句中不作任何成分)

          【考點詮釋】

        亚洲无码精品浪潮| 成人区精品一区二区不卡亚洲| 亚洲福利在线观看| 亚洲人成网站色在线入口| 亚洲精品无码专区在线| 亚洲最大中文字幕无码网站| 亚洲精品天堂在线观看| 日本亚洲精品色婷婷在线影院| 亚洲一区二区三区高清视频| 亚洲欧洲校园自拍都市| 亚洲成人免费电影| 亚洲av专区无码观看精品天堂| 亚洲黄色网址在线观看| 亚洲成在人线中文字幕| 亚洲无限乱码一二三四区| 亚洲另类春色校园小说| 亚洲一区电影在线观看| 亚洲综合一区无码精品| 亚洲人成人无码.www石榴 | 一本天堂ⅴ无码亚洲道久久| 2017亚洲男人天堂一| 亚洲中文字幕无码mv| 亚洲乱色伦图片区小说| 在线观看免费亚洲| 亚洲男人的天堂一区二区| av在线亚洲欧洲日产一区二区| 国产成人麻豆亚洲综合无码精品| 亚洲永久精品ww47| 亚洲成在人天堂一区二区| 亚洲视屏在线观看| 亚洲宅男精品一区在线观看| 亚洲欧美日韩中文高清www777| 亚洲Av永久无码精品黑人| 亚洲第一成人影院| 在线观看亚洲精品国产| 亚洲AV无码一区东京热久久| 18亚洲男同志videos网站| 久久久无码精品亚洲日韩蜜臀浪潮 | 亚洲狠狠成人综合网| 亚洲AV成人无码久久WWW| 亚洲精品在线视频|