2024高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)的含義和用法
主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)的含義和用法
1.
(典型例題精選) Millions of pounds' worth of damage
by a storm which swept across the north of Englandlast night.
A. has been caused
B. had been caused C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
[考場錯解]
B
[專家把脈]
損失是暴風(fēng)雨造成的，所以應(yīng)該是被動。但如果被題干中的過去時迷惑而用過去完成時的B項就錯了。暴風(fēng)雨是昨晚發(fā)生的事情，但由此造成的影響還在繼續(xù)，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
A
2.
( ) —Why did you leave that position?
—I
a better position at IBM.
A. offer
B. offered
C. am offered
D. was offered
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
動詞offer常用在offer sb．sth．結(jié)構(gòu)中，這里主語是I．故用被動語態(tài)。又因為動作發(fā)生在過去，因此選D。
[對癥下藥]
D
3.
() With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth
each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
本題考查進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，森林正在被毀，因此大量的好土正在被沖走。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
D
4.
(
) According to the art dealer, the painting
to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected
B. expects
C. expected
D. is expecting
[考場錯解]
D [專家把脈]
句意為：按繪畫經(jīng)紀(jì)人的話來說，這幅畫預(yù)料至少值100萬美元。句子的主語是painting，不能發(fā)出預(yù)料的動作，應(yīng)該是“被指望、被預(yù)料”，所以用被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
A
5.
() The hero' s story
differently in the newspapers.
A. was reported
B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
[考場錯解]
D
[專家把脈]
本題考查動詞的語態(tài)。report“報道”和主語story為動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，排除C、D，選項B為過去進(jìn)行時，并不表被動，應(yīng)排除。
[對癥下藥]
A
6.
( ) The policeman' s attention was suddenlycaught by a small box which
placed under the Minister' s car.
A. has been
B. had been
C. was being
D. would be
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
本題考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。place之一動作發(fā)生在catch之前，用過去完成時，且box與place之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
B
專家會診
1．在口語和非正式場合下為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，常get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。有時帶有不愉快、不順利的含義。其否定和疑問句要借助動詞do來構(gòu)成。有時也會出現(xiàn)“become+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He got wounded in a battle. She got married last week. The patient gets treated once a week. Did you get scolded yesterday? He became seized with a deep sorrow.
2．短語動詞和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式
短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞不能省略。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式是：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。如：
The old woman was often laughed at.
The doctor has been sent for.
Time must be made good use of.
The plan will be given up.
Bad habits have been done away with.
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
3．主動形式表示被動意義的情況
1)某些連系動詞的主動形式表示被動意義，如 look(看上去)，snle]l，taste，sound，feel，appear(似乎)，prove(證明)，后面接形容詞或名詞做表語。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true. The examination turned out easy.
2)某些具有及物意義的不及物動詞的主動形式表示被動意義，如read，write，translate，record，lock， shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此時主語大多指物，并且一般和副詞連用。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well. The door locks easily. The coat wears well.
3)表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin，finish， start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning． The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．
4)少數(shù)動詞用于進(jìn)行時，主動形式表示被動含義，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.
5)某些不及物動詞(短語)的主動形式表示被動的意義。常見的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如：The accident happened yesterday evening. The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually. All of our food has run out.
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1
—
the Christmas card
Mr. White?
—No. It' s still on the desk.
A. Has; given
B. Was ; given
C. Has; been given
D. Will; be given
1．C解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，圣誕卡有沒有被送去。
2
Only when your identity has been checked, _
.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
2．D解析：將來的事情，被許可，且應(yīng)用倒裝句。
3
—Do you know anyone in Paris?
—No, but I'll make friends once
.
A. I' m settled
B. I' 11 be settled
C. I' ve been settled
D. I had settled
3．A解析：動作并未發(fā)生，不能用完成時，這里be settled表示狀態(tài)。
4
The high standard of the nation' s literature and art
widespread attention.
A. was attracted
B. have attracted
C. has attracted
D. has been attracted
4．C解析：表示“某事吸引某事”，主動代替被動，同時主語是不可數(shù)名詞standard。
主動語態(tài)、被動語態(tài)的含義和用法
1.
(典型例題精選) Millions of pounds' worth of damage
by a storm which swept across the north of Englandlast night.
A. has been caused
B. had been caused C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
[考場錯解]
B
[專家把脈]
損失是暴風(fēng)雨造成的，所以應(yīng)該是被動。但如果被題干中的過去時迷惑而用過去完成時的B項就錯了。暴風(fēng)雨是昨晚發(fā)生的事情，但由此造成的影響還在繼續(xù)，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
A
2.
( ) —Why did you leave that position?
—I
a better position at IBM.
A. offer
B. offered
C. am offered
D. was offered
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
動詞offer常用在offer sb．sth．結(jié)構(gòu)中，這里主語是I．故用被動語態(tài)。又因為動作發(fā)生在過去，因此選D。
[對癥下藥]
D
3.
() With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth
each year.
A. is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
本題考查進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，森林正在被毀，因此大量的好土正在被沖走。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
D
4.
(
) According to the art dealer, the painting
to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected
B. expects
C. expected
D. is expecting
[考場錯解]
D [專家把脈]
句意為：按繪畫經(jīng)紀(jì)人的話來說，這幅畫預(yù)料至少值100萬美元。句子的主語是painting，不能發(fā)出預(yù)料的動作，應(yīng)該是“被指望、被預(yù)料”，所以用被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
A
5.
() The hero' s story
differently in the newspapers.
A. was reported
B. was reporting
C. reports
D. reported
[考場錯解]
D
[專家把脈]
本題考查動詞的語態(tài)。report“報道”和主語story為動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，排除C、D，選項B為過去進(jìn)行時，并不表被動，應(yīng)排除。
[對癥下藥]
A
6.
( ) The policeman' s attention was suddenlycaught by a small box which
placed under the Minister' s car.
A. has been
B. had been
C. was being
D. would be
[考場錯解]
C
[專家把脈]
本題考查動詞的被動語態(tài)。place之一動作發(fā)生在catch之前，用過去完成時，且box與place之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。
[對癥下藥]
B
專家會診
1．在口語和非正式場合下為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作，常get+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。有時帶有不愉快、不順利的含義。其否定和疑問句要借助動詞do來構(gòu)成。有時也會出現(xiàn)“become+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He got wounded in a battle. She got married last week. The patient gets treated once a week. Did you get scolded yesterday? He became seized with a deep sorrow.
2．短語動詞和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式
短語動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)中，構(gòu)成短語動詞的介詞或副詞不能省略。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)形式是：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。如：
The old woman was often laughed at.
The doctor has been sent for.
Time must be made good use of.
The plan will be given up.
Bad habits have been done away with.
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.
3．主動形式表示被動意義的情況
1)某些連系動詞的主動形式表示被動意義，如 look(看上去)，snle]l，taste，sound，feel，appear(似乎)，prove(證明)，后面接形容詞或名詞做表語。如：The roses smell sweet. The theory proved true. The examination turned out easy.
2)某些具有及物意義的不及物動詞的主動形式表示被動意義，如read，write，translate，record，lock， shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此時主語大多指物，并且一般和副詞連用。如：Your composition reads well. His voice records well. The door locks easily. The coat wears well.
3)表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin，finish， start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：
Work began at 7 o’clock this morning． The shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．
4)少數(shù)動詞用于進(jìn)行時，主動形式表示被動含義，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：The books are printing. The meat is cooking. My coat is hanging behind the door.
5)某些不及物動詞(短語)的主動形式表示被動的意義。常見的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如：The accident happened yesterday evening. The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937. The fire went out gradually. All of our food has run out.
考場思維訓(xùn)練
1
—
the Christmas card
Mr. White?
—No. It' s still on the desk.
A. Has; given
B. Was ; given
C. Has; been given
D. Will; be given
1．C解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，圣誕卡有沒有被送去。
2
Only when your identity has been checked, _
.
A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
2．D解析：將來的事情，被許可，且應(yīng)用倒裝句。
3
—Do you know anyone in Paris?
—No, but I'll make friends once
.
A. I' m settled
B. I' 11 be settled
C. I' ve been settled
D. I had settled
3．A解析：動作并未發(fā)生，不能用完成時，這里be settled表示狀態(tài)。
4
The high standard of the nation' s literature and art
widespread attention.
A. was attracted
B. have attracted
C. has attracted
D. has been attracted
4．C解析：表示“某事吸引某事”，主動代替被動，同時主語是不可數(shù)名詞standard。
