高考英語復習完形填空：考點解析說明文3
完形填空之說明文
二、說明文
【體裁詮釋】
說明文一般用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質、特點、構造、成因、關系或事物的運動變化、發展的過程及規律。說明文十分講究條理性，一般采用時間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序。
1. 說明文一般分為三類：
①事物的說明；②事理的說明; ③文藝性的說明
2. 說明文通常具有下列特點：
(1)多用現在時態。因為說明文通常是對客觀事物或事理的一種介紹與解釋，而這種客觀介紹與解釋一般是不隨時間變化而變化的。
(2)采用客觀描述。說明文一般是對客觀存在的說明與介紹，因此，語言的表述也應該盡可能地給人以客觀可信的感覺。
(3)遣詞用字簡練、平實、確切。
說明文的主要目的是幫助讀者認清事物，明白事理，故其語言通常較為淺顯、通俗，比較易于讀者理解。其內容也很客觀真實，它的用詞總是貼近事物的本來面目，不會使用華麗的詞藻和夸張的寫作手法，一般也不加描述和議論。
3. 做好說明文完形填空，最主要的是抓住文章說明的中心，這要求考生做好三方面：
（1）注意文章的說明順序，常見的說明順序有時間、空間、邏輯（指先因后果或先果后因，先主后次的順序）和認識順序（指由此及彼，由淺入深，由局部到整體，由現象到本質，由具體到抽象的順序）。把握了說明的順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，抓住文章中心。
（2）注意段落之間的邏輯關系，說明文的首段往往是文章的主題段，每段的首句也是主題句，一定把握好主題段和主題句，這是做好這類完形填空題的前提。
（3）注意文章結尾，文章結尾的段落往往對說明的問題進行總的概括，有時就是文章的點睛之處。
【典例探究】
（2010·安徽卷）Most people give little thought to the pens they write with , especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very 36things are handwritten .All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it .However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not 39 if you keep the following in mind.
First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use .The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征)41comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen .The length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feel top-heavy and unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均勻的) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 47 will make it possible for you to create a 48 line of writing .The point should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick , dark line. Fine-line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but fine, delicate
lines do not command
54
next to printed text ,as , 55, a signature on a printed letter .A broader line, on the other hand ,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權威)。
36.A.many
B. few
C. pleasant
D. important
37.A.looks
B. reason
C. value
D. advantages
38.A.once
B. if
C. because
D. though
39.A.convenient
B. practical
C. strange
D. difficult
40.A.heavy
B. easy
C. hard
D. safe
41.A.taking
B. finding
C. determining
D. seeking
42.A.stronger
B. weaker
C. smaller
D. larger
43.A.prefer
B. recommend
C. prepare
D. demand
44.A.hardly
B. also
C. never
D. still
45. A. thick
B. light
C. long
D. soft
46. A. change
B. allow
C.
reduce
D .press
47. A. They
B. One
C. This
D. Some
48. A. from
B. rough
C. black
D. smooth
49. A. prevent
B. free
C. protect
D. remove
50.
A. way
B. sight
C. flow
D. stream
51.
A. so
B. as
C. and
D. yet
52.
A. Meanwhile
B. Generally
C. Afterwards
D. Finally
53.
A. show up
B. differ from
C. break down
D. compensate for
54.
A. attention
B. support
C. respect
D. admission
55.
A. at most
B. for example
C. in brief
D. on purpose
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了什么樣的鋼筆才算是得心應手的鋼筆。
36【解析】選B。既然現代家庭和辦公室里有了打印機，那么手寫的東西就少了。many多的；pleasant令人愉快的；important重要的few 少的。
37【解析】選A。下文提到“人們一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”可知當時挑選鋼筆時，主要是根據其外觀買的。looks 外表，外貌； reason原因； value 價值；advantages優點，優勢。
38【解析】選A。此處應是時間狀語從句，用once 引導，“一旦開始用鋼筆，卻并不滿意”； once 一旦；if 如果； because因為；though 雖然，盡管。
39【解析】選D。句意：如果你記住了以下幾點的話，買一支你喜歡的鋼筆是不難的。convenient 方便的；easy容易的； strange奇怪的，陌生的； difficult困難的。
40【解析】選B。根據常識可知，好的鋼筆應該是用起來很好用，很舒服的。heavy重的； easy容易的，舒適的； hard硬的，難的； safe安全的。
41【解析】選C。鋼筆的粗細是決定舒服度的最重要的特征。determine決定；seek追求，尋找。
42【解析】選D。和上句的small hand and thick fingers相對照，此處應是larger hand and thicker fingers。
43【解析】選A。句意：如果你的手比較大，手指比較粗的話，你可能更喜歡粗點的鋼筆。prefer喜愛；recommend推薦，建議；prepare準備；demand要求，需要。
44【解析】選B。上文提到鋼筆的粗細是決定舒服度的最重要的特征，此處又提到其長度也影響舒適度。故選also 也。hardly 幾乎不；never從不；still仍然。
45【解析】選C。上文提到長度也會影響鋼筆的舒適度，那么造成鋼筆給人不平穩感覺的就應是鋼筆太長了，所以選long長的。thick粗的；light輕的；soft柔軟的。
46【解析】選B。此處的意思應是“筆尖應讓墨水出水均勻”，故選allow允許； change改變； reduce 減少；press 按，壓。
47【解析】選C。this指代上文中提到的“鋼筆出水均勻”。
48【解析】選D。出水均勻的鋼筆能夠讓字體線條流暢。smooth流暢的，光滑的；thin纖瘦的；rough粗糙的，不平的；black黑色的。
49【解析】選A。筆尖應該是當鋼筆拿起來時，不再出水。prevent …from doing…
阻止…做某事，此處指防止墨水流出free … from …使…免除…； protect …. from…保護…不受到傷害；remove… from…把…從…消除。
50【解析】選C。不能阻止墨水流出的筆尖會在你拿起鋼筆在放下時留下一灘灘的墨跡。way道路；sight視力；flow流量；stream小溪。
51【解析】選B。as引導的時間狀語從句。當你拿起鋼筆在放下時留下一灘灘的墨跡。
52【解析】選D。此處是列舉的最后一條。meanwhile與此同時；generally一般情況下；afterwards后來；finally最后。
53【解析】選D。細線條的鋼筆或許會補償差的書寫。show up出席；differ from不同于；break down出故障，垮掉；compensate for補償，賠償。
54【解析】選A。細線條的文字和印刷的文字在一起時，細線條的文字不會得到人們的注意，例如作為打印信件簽名時。attention注意力；support支持；respect尊重；admission許可。
55【解析】選B。舉例說明用for example；at most至多；in brief 簡言之；on purpose故意地。
【跟蹤演練】
1、（2011·吉林省實驗中學高三第二次模擬考試）
“ Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal with．It is
36
to find someone who is down-to-earth．A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to
37
accepts other people as equals．A down-to-earth is just the 38 of someone who acts importantly and proudly.
Down-to-earth persons may be
39
members of society, of course．But they do not let their importance “ go to their
40
”．They do not
41
themselves to be better persons than others of less importance, someone who is filled with his own importance and
42 , often without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”．There is no way a person with his nose in the
43
can be down-to-earth．Americans use another expression that means almost the same
44
“down-to-earth”．The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”．Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person
45
a good understanding of reality．He has what is called “
46
sense”．He may have
47
, but he does not allow them to
48
his knowledge of what is real．The opposite kind of person is
49
who has his “head-in-the-clouds”．A man with his head in the clouds is a dreamer whose mind is not in the
50
world.
Sometimes
51
a dreamer can be brought back to earth． 52
words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very
53
to have both-feet-on-the-ground.
54
we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act
55
and openly toward others．Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.
36．A．common
B．sad
C．pleasant
D．surprising
37．A．but
B．yet
C．and
D．while
38．A．kind
B．like
C．example
D．opposite
39．A．important
B．famous
C．successful
D．necessary
40．A．nose
B．heads
C．minds
D．forehead
41．A．wish
B．desire
C．expect
D．consider
42．A．proud
B．pride
C．famous
D．fame
43．A．air
B．sky
C．tree
D．cloud
44．A．like
B．with
C．of
D．for
45．A．has
B．who
C．is
D．with
46．A．usual
B．ordinary
C．common
D．daily
47．A．dreams
B．fortunes
C．advantages
D．luck
48．A．prevent
B．protect
C．block
D．gain
49．A．one
B．those
C．that
D．the one
50．A．reality
B．real
C．dreamful
D．true
51．A．so
B．such
C．each
D．that
52．A．Sharp
B．No
C．All
D．Bad
53．A．able
B．probable
C．likely
D．possible
54．A．When
B．While
C．As
D．Since
55．A．kindly
B．directly
C．friendly
D．honestly
（2011·福建省南安第一中學高三畢業班期中考試）
My bed is supposed to be the best part of my home — the place where I go to find
36_ and relaxation after a long, stressful day. So, lately, why do I get
37
just looking at it? I can’t leave this problem unsolved to the next day, because I can’t get to
38
in the first place: I am a victimof insomnia (失眠).
I’m not
39 _: studies show that more than one in three people worldwide
40
insomnia. It takes different
41
: some people can get to sleep on time, but
42
much too early; others get a full-night’s sleep but still
43
very tired when they wake up. And then there are people like me, ordinary insomniacs who toss and turn all
44
, trying to fall asleep.
Insomnia is most commonly a side effect of depression, but it can
45
be caused by many other ailments (小病痛). To find the
46
, doctors first find out the cause by
47
a “sleep diary,” in which you record your sleep habits. The diary may reveal (揭示) lifestyle patterns,
48
an afternoon nap, which are causing your
49
. Dr. Mark Dyken, a specialist in sleep disorders, writes that, “a good sleep diary can often
50
the patients to ‘cure themselves.’”
A good night’s sleep is created during the day.
51
in the beginning or middle of the day, and
