高考英語復習完形填空：考點解析12語法知識

　　完形填空突破(八)

　　—語法知識題

　　完形填空題中也有考查語法知識的題目,考生不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關系,更要有針對性地對語法結構、句式特點以及短文所留空格中要填的詞在句子里作什么成分,哪類詞合適,應采取什么形式等進行認真的分析思考。比如,選用動詞就要考慮各種時態、語態、及物、不及物、主謂搭配以及固定搭配等一系列問題。熟練地掌握基礎語法知識并運用其分析解答問題是一種非常有效的解題方法。

　　1．根據行文關系,準確判斷代詞

　　在一篇文章的后文中,為了簡便起見,對于前文出現的人或物往往用代詞代替,完形填空中也經常會有考查這方面語法現象的試題。考生在做這類試題時,要注意人稱代詞的單復數形式、替代詞的特指和泛指等。

　　典例

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　29

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　30

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　31

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　32

　　at last.

　　(2008·陜西)

　　31．A.it

　　B．them

　　C．him

　　D．her

　　答案　B

　　解析　本題考查代詞的指代問題。結合文意,此處是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。

　　2．根據邏輯聯系,恰當使用從句

　　定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句是構成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多試題是關于從句知識的,旨在考查考生的語篇行文邏輯推理能力。做此類試題時,考生要注意判斷空白處在句中充當的成分,以及前后部分的邏輯關系等。

　　3．根據態度情感,準確使用情態動詞

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫師),thanked her by granting (允準) her

　　26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　27

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　28

　　it.

　　(2008·陜西)

　　26．A.suggestion

　　B．demandC．permission

　　D．wish

　　27．A.could

　　B．shouldC．might

　　D．must

　　28．A.permitted

　　B．promisedC．answered

　　D．declared

　　答案　26.D　27.B　28.A

　　解析　26.從下文that引導的同位語從句的內容看,此處應是她的一個很難實現的愿望,而不是suggestion建議；demand要求；permission允許,故選D項。

　　27．考查情態動詞。wish是先行詞,同位語從句的謂語動詞應用“should＋動詞原形”。might和could通常不與be able to連用；must表示“必須”。

　　28．此處意為“……直到她允許,爬上樹的人才可以下來”,故選A項。1

　　While watching the Olympics the other night,I came across an incredible sight.The　1　was swimming and started with only three men.For one reason or another,two of them had a　2　start,so they were disqualified.That would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 　3　against.

　　I watched the man　4　off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.Now I’m not an expert　5　but I do know a good dive　6　a poor one,and this was not exactly medal　7　.I listened to the crowd begin to　8　this poor man who was clearly having a

　　　9　time.Finally he made his turn to start back.It was　10　.He made a few desperate strokes (劃水) and you could tell he was exhausted.

　　But in those few　11　strokes,the crowd had changed.No longer were they laughing,but beginning to　12　.Some even began to　13　things like,“Come on,you can do it！”,and he

　　　14　finished his race.The crowd went　15　.Even though he recorded one of the　16　times in Olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other　17　.

　　In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have　18　been cheated out of gold,or when they act so　19　in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失敗者),a man that gave his all—knowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his　20　and the spirit of the games.

　　1．A.view

　　B．event

　　C．game

　　D．match

　　答案　B

　　解析　event此處意為“(比賽)項目”。

　　2．A.false

　　B．nervous

　　C．strangeD．violent

　　答案　A

　　解析　a false start(運動中)搶在指令前行動。此處理解為其他選手搶跳了,犯規出局。

　　3．A.fight B．struggle

　　C．defend D．race

　　答案　D

　　解析　其他人都被罰下場了,只剩這一名運動員,沒有人跟他競技了。

　　4．A.set

　　B．bounce

　　C．dive

　　D．fall

　　答案　C

　　解析　從泳道起點的出發臺上跳下泳池,dive此處意為“跳水”。

　　5．A.swimmer

　　B．coach C．judgeD．adviser

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”不是內行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水這一跳的好壞。

　　6．A.from

　　B．in C．beyond D．between

　　答案　A

　　解析　固定搭配know A from B,意為“區分,辨別”。

　　7．A.feature

　　B．quality

　　C．example D．sign

　　答案　B

　　解析　這一跳可不具有得獎牌應有的水平。

　　8．A.break off B．stand byC．laugh at D．focus on

　　答案　C

　　解析　奧運會參賽選手一般都是高手,所以這位選手的表現自然引來了觀眾的嘲笑(laugh at)。

　　9．A.happy

　　B．wonderfulC．vagueD．tough

　　答案　D

　　解析　這位選手游得艱難,have a tough time＝have a hard time。

　　10．A.hopeful

　　B．pitiful

　　C．boring

　　D．skillful

　　答案　B

　　解析　眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。

　　11．A.flexible

　　B．smartC．awkward

　　D．excellent

　　答案　C

　　解析　在那幾下笨拙的(awkward)劃水之后……。

　　12．A.support B．quit

　　C．cheer

　　D．hesitate

　　答案　C

　　解析　觀眾被這位運動員不放棄的精神感動,開始喝彩。

　　13．A.speak

　　B．present

　　C．concludeD．yell

　　答案　D

　　解析　yell為shout的同義詞。觀眾開始大聲喊加油。

　　14．A.eventually B．hardlyC．successfullyD．nearly

　　答案　A

　　解析　運動員終于(eventually)游完了全程。

　　15．A.wild

　　B．angry C．sad

　　D．grey

　　答案　A

　　解析　結合上文,A項最符合語境。

　　16．A.fastest B．luckiest C．hardest

　　D．slowest

　　答案　D

　　解析　他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一。

　　17．A.companions

　　B．competitorsC．volunteersD．partners

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：雖然他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一,但他比其他選手都用心。

　　18．A.somehow

　　B．already

　　C．even

　　D．anyway

　　答案　A

　　解析　在比賽中有的銀牌獲得者會覺得自己是因某種程度上的被騙而無緣金牌……。

　　19．A.poorly

　　B．carelesslyC．sharplyD．proudly

　　答案　D

　　解析　也有一些運動員因為成績遙遙領先而趾高氣揚。

　　20．A.advantage

　　B．independenceC．determination

　　D．principle

　　答案　C

　　解析　明知不能取勝,卻因為自己的意志和奧運會的精神完成了(比賽)。2

　　(2008·浙江)

　　on not in swimsuit.

　　After swimming, I would go　12　his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me

　　13

　　anything I found in his top desk drawer.Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk

　　14

　　he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his

　　15

　　.But my father always

　　16

　　and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s

　　17

　　.”Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get

　　18

　　an ice cream...

　　A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood；the rest is

　　19

　　.”And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but

　　20

　　, in that childhood, looks at us.

　　1．A.desire

　　B．joy

　　C．anger

　　D．worry

　　答案　B

　　解析　此處應選一個與love相近的詞,故選B。

　　2．A.avoid

　　B．refuseC．praise

　　D．love

　　答案　D

　　解析　本句中的But為提示詞。

　　3．A.boat

　　B．bus

　　C．train D．bike

　　答案　A

　　解析　前面提到喜歡water,那么與water有關的就是“boat”了。

　　4．A.But

　　B．Then

　　C．And

　　D．Still

　　答案　C

　　解析　此處表順承關系(喜歡水,也喜歡魚)。

　　5．A.on

　　B．off

　　C．by

　　D．in

　　答案　D

　　解析　前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此處指在水里。

　　6．A.having

　　B．leavingC．making

　　D．getting

　　答案　A

　　解析　此處having指“持有,擁有”,指身體四周全有水。

　　7．A.swimmer

　　B．riderC．walker

　　D．runner

　　答案　A

　　解析　在水中當然是swimmer。

　　8．A.hopes

　　B．faithsC．rights

　　D．fears

　　答案　D

　　解析　既然不是strong swimmer,當然就害怕。

　　9．A.spending

　　B．savingC．wasting D．ruining

　　答案　A

　　解析　和父親一起度過summer days。

　　10．A.should

　　B．wouldC．had to

　　D．ought to

　　答案　B

　　解析　此處would指“常常,總是”。

　　11．A.next

　　B．only C．other

　　D．last

　　答案　B

　　解析　父親總是穿著他的衣服站在那兒,惟一一個不穿泳裝的人。

　　12．A.away from

　　B．out ofC．by

　　D．inside

　　答案　D

　　解析　由后面的sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk可知,是到父親的辦公室里。

　　13．A.put up

　　B．break downC．play with D．work out

　　答案　C

　　解析　15題前面有提示。

　　14．A.the moment

　　B．the first timeC．while

　　D．before

　　答案　C

　　解析　while此處表示“對比”,譯為“然而”。句意為：我被獨自留在桌子邊,而他在實驗室工作。

　　15．A.fishing net B．office thingsC．wooden chair

　　D．lab equipment

　　答案　B

　　解析　由于是在辦公室里,那當然就是office things。

　　16．A.stood up

　　B．set outC．showed up

　　D．turned out

　　答案　C

　　解析　show up表示“出現,到場”。

　　17．A.fine

　　B．strangeC．terrible

　　D．funny

　　答案　A

　　解析　...it’s fine.……這很好。

　　18．A.the student

　　B．the assistantC．myself

　　D．himself

　　答案　C

　　解析　讓我自己去買an ice cream。

　　19．A.memory

　　B．wealthC．experience D．practice

　　答案　A

　　解析　后面有提示。

　　20．A.which

　　B．who

　　C．what

　　D．whose

　　答案　B

　　解析　who作looks at us的主語。

　　完形填空突破(八)

　　—語法知識題

　　完形填空題中也有考查語法知識的題目,考生不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關系,更要有針對性地對語法結構、句式特點以及短文所留空格中要填的詞在句子里作什么成分,哪類詞合適,應采取什么形式等進行認真的分析思考。比如,選用動詞就要考慮各種時態、語態、及物、不及物、主謂搭配以及固定搭配等一系列問題。熟練地掌握基礎語法知識并運用其分析解答問題是一種非常有效的解題方法。

　　1．根據行文關系,準確判斷代詞

　　在一篇文章的后文中,為了簡便起見,對于前文出現的人或物往往用代詞代替,完形填空中也經常會有考查這方面語法現象的試題。考生在做這類試題時,要注意人稱代詞的單復數形式、替代詞的特指和泛指等。

　　典例

　　When the children came back to steal her

　　29

　　,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long

　　30

　　she gave the tree permission to let

　　31

　　go.Aunty Misery was free from the

　　32

　　at last.

　　(2008·陜西)

　　31．A.it

　　B．them

　　C．him

　　D．her

　　答案　B

　　解析　本題考查代詞的指代問題。結合文意,此處是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。

　　2．根據邏輯聯系,恰當使用從句

　　定語從句、狀語從句和名詞性從句是構成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多試題是關于從句知識的,旨在考查考生的語篇行文邏輯推理能力。做此類試題時,考生要注意判斷空白處在句中充當的成分,以及前后部分的邏輯關系等。

　　3．根據態度情感,準確使用情態動詞

　　典例

　　The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫師),thanked her by granting (允準) her

　　26

　　that anyone who climbed up her tree

　　27

　　not be able to come back down until she

　　28

　　it.

　　(2008·陜西)

　　26．A.suggestion

　　B．demandC．permission

　　D．wish

　　27．A.could

　　B．shouldC．might

　　D．must

　　28．A.permitted

　　B．promisedC．answered

　　D．declared

　　答案　26.D　27.B　28.A

　　解析　26.從下文that引導的同位語從句的內容看,此處應是她的一個很難實現的愿望,而不是suggestion建議；demand要求；permission允許,故選D項。

　　27．考查情態動詞。wish是先行詞,同位語從句的謂語動詞應用“should＋動詞原形”。might和could通常不與be able to連用；must表示“必須”。

　　28．此處意為“……直到她允許,爬上樹的人才可以下來”,故選A項。1

　　While watching the Olympics the other night,I came across an incredible sight.The　1　was swimming and started with only three men.For one reason or another,two of them had a　2　start,so they were disqualified.That would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 　3　against.

　　I watched the man　4　off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.Now I’m not an expert　5　but I do know a good dive　6　a poor one,and this was not exactly medal　7　.I listened to the crowd begin to　8　this poor man who was clearly having a

　　　9　time.Finally he made his turn to start back.It was　10　.He made a few desperate strokes (劃水) and you could tell he was exhausted.

　　But in those few　11　strokes,the crowd had changed.No longer were they laughing,but beginning to　12　.Some even began to　13　things like,“Come on,you can do it！”,and he

　　　14　finished his race.The crowd went　15　.Even though he recorded one of the　16　times in Olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other　17　.

　　In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have　18　been cheated out of gold,or when they act so　19　in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失敗者),a man that gave his all—knowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his　20　and the spirit of the games.

　　1．A.view

　　B．event

　　C．game

　　D．match

　　答案　B

　　解析　event此處意為“(比賽)項目”。

　　2．A.false

　　B．nervous

　　C．strangeD．violent

　　答案　A

　　解析　a false start(運動中)搶在指令前行動。此處理解為其他選手搶跳了,犯規出局。

　　3．A.fight B．struggle

　　C．defend D．race

　　答案　D

　　解析　其他人都被罰下場了,只剩這一名運動員,沒有人跟他競技了。

　　4．A.set

　　B．bounce

　　C．dive

　　D．fall

　　答案　C

　　解析　從泳道起點的出發臺上跳下泳池,dive此處意為“跳水”。

　　5．A.swimmer

　　B．coach C．judgeD．adviser

　　答案　A

　　解析　“我”不是內行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水這一跳的好壞。

　　6．A.from

　　B．in C．beyond D．between

　　答案　A

　　解析　固定搭配know A from B,意為“區分,辨別”。

　　7．A.feature

　　B．quality

　　C．example D．sign

　　答案　B

　　解析　這一跳可不具有得獎牌應有的水平。

　　8．A.break off B．stand byC．laugh at D．focus on

　　答案　C

　　解析　奧運會參賽選手一般都是高手,所以這位選手的表現自然引來了觀眾的嘲笑(laugh at)。

　　9．A.happy

　　B．wonderfulC．vagueD．tough

　　答案　D

　　解析　這位選手游得艱難,have a tough time＝have a hard time。

　　10．A.hopeful

　　B．pitiful

　　C．boring

　　D．skillful

　　答案　B

　　解析　眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。

　　11．A.flexible

　　B．smartC．awkward

　　D．excellent

　　答案　C

　　解析　在那幾下笨拙的(awkward)劃水之后……。

　　12．A.support B．quit

　　C．cheer

　　D．hesitate

　　答案　C

　　解析　觀眾被這位運動員不放棄的精神感動,開始喝彩。

　　13．A.speak

　　B．present

　　C．concludeD．yell

　　答案　D

　　解析　yell為shout的同義詞。觀眾開始大聲喊加油。

　　14．A.eventually B．hardlyC．successfullyD．nearly

　　答案　A

　　解析　運動員終于(eventually)游完了全程。

　　15．A.wild

　　B．angry C．sad

　　D．grey

　　答案　A

　　解析　結合上文,A項最符合語境。

　　16．A.fastest B．luckiest C．hardest

　　D．slowest

　　答案　D

　　解析　他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一。

　　17．A.companions

　　B．competitorsC．volunteersD．partners

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：雖然他是奧運歷史上最慢的選手之一,但他比其他選手都用心。

　　18．A.somehow

　　B．already

　　C．even

　　D．anyway

　　答案　A

　　解析　在比賽中有的銀牌獲得者會覺得自己是因某種程度上的被騙而無緣金牌……。

　　19．A.poorly

　　B．carelesslyC．sharplyD．proudly

　　答案　D

　　解析　也有一些運動員因為成績遙遙領先而趾高氣揚。

　　20．A.advantage

　　B．independenceC．determination

　　D．principle

　　答案　C

　　解析　明知不能取勝,卻因為自己的意志和奧運會的精神完成了(比賽)。2

　　(2008·浙江)

　　on not in swimsuit.

　　After swimming, I would go　12　his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me

　　13

　　anything I found in his top desk drawer.Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk

　　14

　　he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldn’t be playing with his

　　15

　　.But my father always

　　16

　　and said easily, “Oh, no, it’s

　　17

　　.”Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get

　　18

　　an ice cream...

　　A poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood；the rest is

　　19

　　.”And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but

　　20

　　, in that childhood, looks at us.

　　1．A.desire

　　B．joy

　　C．anger

　　D．worry

　　答案　B

　　解析　此處應選一個與love相近的詞,故選B。

　　2．A.avoid

　　B．refuseC．praise

　　D．love

　　答案　D

　　解析　本句中的But為提示詞。

　　3．A.boat

　　B．bus

　　C．train D．bike

　　答案　A

　　解析　前面提到喜歡water,那么與water有關的就是“boat”了。

　　4．A.But

　　B．Then

　　C．And

　　D．Still

　　答案　C

　　解析　此處表順承關系(喜歡水,也喜歡魚)。

　　5．A.on

　　B．off

　　C．by

　　D．in

　　答案　D

　　解析　前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此處指在水里。

　　6．A.having

　　B．leavingC．making

　　D．getting

　　答案　A

　　解析　此處having指“持有,擁有”,指身體四周全有水。

　　7．A.swimmer

　　B．riderC．walker

　　D．runner

　　答案　A

　　解析　在水中當然是swimmer。

　　8．A.hopes

　　B．faithsC．rights

　　D．fears

　　答案　D

　　解析　既然不是strong swimmer,當然就害怕。

　　9．A.spending

　　B．savingC．wasting D．ruining

　　答案　A

　　解析　和父親一起度過summer days。

　　10．A.should

　　B．wouldC．had to

　　D．ought to

　　答案　B

　　解析　此處would指“常常,總是”。

　　11．A.next

　　B．only C．other

　　D．last

　　答案　B

　　解析　父親總是穿著他的衣服站在那兒,惟一一個不穿泳裝的人。

　　12．A.away from

　　B．out ofC．by

　　D．inside

　　答案　D

　　解析　由后面的sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk可知,是到父親的辦公室里。

　　13．A.put up

　　B．break downC．play with D．work out

　　答案　C

　　解析　15題前面有提示。

　　14．A.the moment

　　B．the first timeC．while

　　D．before

　　答案　C

　　解析　while此處表示“對比”,譯為“然而”。句意為：我被獨自留在桌子邊,而他在實驗室工作。

　　15．A.fishing net B．office thingsC．wooden chair

　　D．lab equipment

　　答案　B

　　解析　由于是在辦公室里,那當然就是office things。

　　16．A.stood up

　　B．set outC．showed up

　　D．turned out

　　答案　C

　　解析　show up表示“出現,到場”。

　　17．A.fine

　　B．strangeC．terrible

　　D．funny

　　答案　A

　　解析　...it’s fine.……這很好。

　　18．A.the student

　　B．the assistantC．myself

　　D．himself

　　答案　C

　　解析　讓我自己去買an ice cream。

　　19．A.memory

　　B．wealthC．experience D．practice

　　答案　A

　　解析　后面有提示。

　　20．A.which

　　B．who

　　C．what

　　D．whose

　　答案　B

　　解析　who作looks at us的主語。