高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件《Module 6 Old and New》(外研版必修3)
知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Three minutes of silence on May 19th were kept to mourn for those _________ died in the earthquake. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 【解析】在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞是指人的代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常用who,而不用that。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③Michael Phelps, _______ the feet are bigger than others,won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games. A.whose B.whom C.of who D.of whom 【解析】本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少定語(yǔ),所以用of whom。此題容易誤選A。因?yàn)槿鄙俣ㄕZ(yǔ),馬上想到選whose,但是句中有the,就不能選whose。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ④Chinese Women Football Team lost the game against Japanese in the 29th Olympics, we didn’t expect. A./ B.as C.which D.that 【解析】這里是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面整個(gè)主句。句意為:中國(guó)女足在第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上輸給了日本隊(duì),這是我們沒(méi)料到的。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2.定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化 有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句很復(fù)雜,不容易理解,這就需要我們將其簡(jiǎn)化。簡(jiǎn)化方式主要有以下幾種: (1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。 例句:The dam (that) we saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam. 我們?cè)陔娪爸锌吹降拇髩尾皇侨龒{大壩。 (2)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語(yǔ)而介詞在句尾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。 例句:I met a man (whom) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爺爺一起工作的那個(gè)人。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為分詞短語(yǔ) 一般情況下,在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),從句轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則從句轉(zhuǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。 例句:The girl who is reading English aloud is my younger sister. →The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister. 大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)的是我妹妹。 I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li. →I have heard the report made by Professor Li. 我聽(tīng)了李教授所作的報(bào)告。 注意:并非所有的定語(yǔ)從句都能簡(jiǎn)化,以下情況都不能簡(jiǎn)化。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ①定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例句:The man who has finished the work is Jack. 完成工作的那個(gè)人是杰克。 不能變?yōu)椋?The man having finished the work is Jack. ②定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 The professor who can speak Japanese is from Japan. 會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)的教授來(lái)自日本。 不能變?yōu)椋?The professor speaking Japanese is from Japan. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The man who gave us a talk was his father. 給我們作報(bào)告的那個(gè)人是他父親。 不能變?yōu)椋?The man giving us a talk was his father. (因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞giving表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或last,only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),該從句往往簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 Mary is the only person that can save me from danger. →Mary is the only person to save me from danger. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)從危難中解救我的人。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(5)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“介詞+which+不定式”的形式。 The farmers uses wood to build a house in which they can store grain. →The farmers uses wood to build a house in which to store grain. 農(nóng)民用木頭建造房子用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存糧食。 注意:在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)詞in which不可用where代替。 (6)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)是形容詞短語(yǔ),則該定語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語(yǔ)。 The bottle which is full of milk is on the table. →The bottle full of milk is on the table. 裝滿牛奶的瓶子放在桌子上。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(7)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)是介詞短語(yǔ),該從句常可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)。 The apples which are in the box are bad. →The apples in the box are bad. 箱子里的蘋(píng)果是壞的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①The man _______ was a friend of mine. A.you just talked to B.whom you just talked to him C.who you just talked to him D.which you just talked to 【解析】whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可將whom省略。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②The scientists went into a large house _______ gold and treasure by chance. A.was full of
B.was filled with C.full of D.that filled with 【解析】此題考查形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾house。full of=which is full of。 【答案】C Thank you ! 必修3 Module 6
Old and New 課程解讀 話題 Old and New(古代的和現(xiàn)代的)連線高考[2010福建,完形填空] 功能 Adjectives expressing strong feelings(表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈情感的形容詞) 語(yǔ)法 1.Nondefining attributive clauses(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) 2.Contraction of attributive clauses(定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式) 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展 1.date vi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期) 2.generate vt.發(fā)(電) 3.harness vt.利用;將(自然力)變成動(dòng)力 4.narrow adj.狹窄的 5.remove vt.遷移;搬遷 6.ridiculous adj.荒唐的;可笑的 7.enormous adj.龐大的;巨大的 8.foggy adj.有濃霧的 9.crash vi.(飛機(jī))失事;墜毀 10.civil adj.民用的,國(guó)內(nèi)的→civilize v.使文明,使開(kāi)化→civilization n.文明 11.engineering n.(土木)工程→engineer n.工程師→engine n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 12.accommodate vt.容納(乘客等)→accommodation n.容納 13.construction n.建造;建筑→construct vt.建造→constructive adj.建設(shè)性的 14.freezing adj.極冷的→freeze v.冷凍 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.date from起源于 2.hold back阻止 3.come true(夢(mèng)想等)變成現(xiàn)實(shí) 4.bring an end to結(jié)束,終止 5.work out算出,解決 6.dream of夢(mèng)想 7.now that既然 8.make sense有意義,有道理 重點(diǎn) 句型 1.It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花費(fèi)了6年時(shí)間建成,耗資200億美元。 2.sb.be surprised to do sth.某人驚奇地做某事 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)一
單詞 1. date n. 日期,年代;時(shí)代;約會(huì) v. 加日期于;起始于(某時(shí)期);屬于(某時(shí)期) 歸納拓展 (1)date from/back to屬于(某一歷史時(shí)期);始于……;追溯到……(二者作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若句中有信息提示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間往前推,則用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。) (2)to date到目前為止;迄今,至今 out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的;過(guò)期的 up to date現(xiàn)代的,直到最近 set a date for選定……的日期 go out for a date出去約會(huì) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The use of peas as food dates back to very early time. 豌豆作為食物很早以前就開(kāi)始了。 The computer is out of date/up to date. 這臺(tái)電腦是過(guò)時(shí)/新式的。 To date there has been no improvement in his condition. 到現(xiàn)在為止,他的狀況還是沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)。 What’s the date today?/What date is it today? 今天是幾月幾號(hào)? 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Though this kind of clothes are beginning to be ________, she was very happy to wear it. A.out of date B.up to date C.old D.bad 【解析】句意為:盡管這種衣服不再開(kāi)始流行,她仍樂(lè)意穿著。out of date“過(guò)時(shí)的”,符合題意。up to date“新式的”。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. accommodate vt.&vi. 容納;向……提供住宿;(使)適應(yīng);使遷就;調(diào)節(jié) 歸納拓展 (1)accommodate sb.for the night留某人過(guò)夜 accommodate sb.with...向某人提供…… accommodate oneself to使自己適應(yīng)……(to為介詞,故其后的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用doing形式) (2)accommodation n.住宿,住處,膳宿服務(wù) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:This hotel can accommodate 600 guests. 這家旅館可供600位客人住宿。 We could accommodate you with a room on the second floor for the period you mention. 我們可以按你提供的住宿期限向你提供2樓的一個(gè)房間。 Wherever he goes,he can accommodate himself to new circumstances. 無(wú)論走到哪里他都能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to ________ over two hundred people. A.include B.provide C.reside D.accommodate 【解析】句意為:幾個(gè)月前完工的這座新公寓大到可以容納二百多人。accommodate “為……提供住宿,容納”。A項(xiàng)include“包括”;B項(xiàng)provide “提供”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.;C項(xiàng)reside “居住”。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. remove vt. 移動(dòng);搬遷;除去;使離開(kāi)vi. 遷移,搬家 n. 移動(dòng),距離,升級(jí) 歸納拓展 (1)remove...from...把……從……移開(kāi) remove sth. from some place to...把某物從……搬遷到…… be removed from school被開(kāi)除,勒令退學(xué) be removed from與……遠(yuǎn)離,與……疏遠(yuǎn),與……不一樣 (2)removal n.移動(dòng),遷居;免職 例句:Because of the serious air-pollution,the family is removing to the countryside. 由于空氣污染嚴(yán)重,這一家決定要搬到鄉(xiāng)下。 He was removed from school for playing truant too often.他因逃學(xué)太多被開(kāi)除了。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 同類辨析 move與remove (1)move指從一地到另一地的移動(dòng),移動(dòng)某物的位置或改變某人的姿勢(shì),既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。 (2)remove“取消,去掉”,含有把不利的東西“除掉”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)完全放棄原來(lái)的地方而到達(dá)新的位置,有時(shí)相當(dāng)于take away/off,表示“遷居”時(shí),二者均可。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The department store will _______ forty employees after the holiday rush. A.hire B.fire C.remove D.B or C 【解析】remove和fire都有“開(kāi)除,解雇”的意思。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 4. freezing adj. 凍結(jié)的;極冷的;冷淡的n. 冰點(diǎn) 歸納拓展 (1)freeze v.使凍結(jié);凍僵 frozen adj.冷凍的;凍結(jié)的 be frozen to death 被凍死 (2)above/below freezing 零度以上/以下 the freezing point 冰點(diǎn) freezing cold 極冷 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The cold weather can even freeze petrol in car engines. 寒冷的天氣甚至能使汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)里的汽油凝固。 The temperature has dropped to the freezing point. 氣溫已降到了冰點(diǎn)。 Seeing the car accident,he was frozen with terror. 看到車禍,他嚇呆了。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 用freeze的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①I(mǎi)t’s freezing cold outside. ②The water of the lake frozen last night. ③Take frozen meat from the fridge and I will use it. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)二
短語(yǔ) 1. hold back阻擋;抑制,控制(情緒、情感等);猶豫 歸納拓展 (1)hold on to 抓住……不放,保留 hold up阻擋,使停頓(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));把……抬起來(lái);支持住 (2)get/catch/take hold of抓住 例句:They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.他們筑起屏障阻擋洪水。 Hearing her daughter’s success,she could not hold back tears of joy. 聽(tīng)到她女兒成功了,她禁不住流下喜悅的淚水。 She held back,not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她躊躇著,不知如何說(shuō)出這一可怕的消息。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①—Why are you so late? —Bad luck.A car accident took place not far outside the town, and so we were _________ on the way. A.stopped B.kept C.held up D.prevented 【解析】此句應(yīng)表示“我們受阻”,而A、B、D三項(xiàng)需與from doing連用;hold up“阻擋”,符合題意。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Despite the attacks we ________ the bridge for 3 more days. A.hold on B.hold over C.hold up D.hold on to 【解析】考查hold的短語(yǔ)。hold on“堅(jiān)持,不掛斷”,為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ);hold over“推遲”;holp up“阻擋”。hold on to“抓住……不放手”,符合題意。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. make sense有意義,有道理;講得通,可理解 歸納拓展 (1)make sense of了解……的意義,懂得 a sense of duty/humour/beauty/direction責(zé)任/幽默/審美/方向感 in no sense絕不 come to one’s senses恢復(fù)理性,蘇醒 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)道理/沒(méi)意義 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (2)make sense與make sense of的區(qū)別: make sense“有意義;有道理;講得通;可理解”,物作主語(yǔ),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),用to引出人。 make sense of“弄懂;理解”,人作主語(yǔ),可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),用of引出物。 注意:以上兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中,sense前不加冠詞,也不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例句:What he said just now makes no sense to me. =I make no sense of what he said just now. 我沒(méi)明白他剛才說(shuō)的話。 He has a very good sense of direction. 他的方向感很強(qiáng)。 There is no sense in getting upset about it now. 現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 In a word,I don’t think what you said ________ at all. A.makes some sense B.make any sense C.makes sense D.make sense 【解析】句意為:總之一句話,我認(rèn)為你說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)道理也沒(méi)有。此題考查make sense的用法,意為“有道理,講得通”。因?yàn)閣hat you said作主語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,排除B、D,答案為C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)三
語(yǔ)法 1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般都另成一句,一般不用that引導(dǎo)。 (1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 ①若先行詞指代明確時(shí),如專有名詞和獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。 例句:Paul,whom everyone suspected,turned out to be innocent. 一開(kāi)始大家都懷疑保羅,后來(lái)證明他是無(wú)辜的。 ②若關(guān)系代詞作復(fù)雜介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 He is ill,in spite of which he keeps on studying. 他病了,盡管如此,他仍堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③若關(guān)系代詞作of的賓語(yǔ),且of前有數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞時(shí)。 例句:The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大部分都已滿載,周圍是一大群憤怒的人。 ④先行詞指代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容時(shí)。 例句:He invited us to dinner,which was very kind of him.他請(qǐng)我們吃飯,這是他的好意。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 ①語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),若去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義;而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不那么密切,只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,若去掉,主句意思仍然清楚和完整。 例句:I was the only person in my office that was invited.我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請(qǐng)的人。 Mr Smith,for whom I was working,was very generous about overtime payments. 史密斯先生是我的老板,在付加班費(fèi)方面很大方。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能使用that,而應(yīng)使用which,且不能省略,同時(shí)也不能使用關(guān)系副詞why;限制性定語(yǔ)從句中既可使用that,也可使用why,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。 例句:Football,that is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.(×) Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.(√) 足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng),世界各地都踢足球。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為名詞或代詞,但專有名詞除外;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、短語(yǔ)、另一從句或整個(gè)主句。 例句:We are ready to do anything that is of some help to others. 我們?cè)敢庾鰧?duì)別人有幫助的任何事情。 He said that Li Hong had passed the college entrance examination,which I thought to be possible. 他說(shuō)李紅考上了大學(xué),我認(rèn)為這是可能的。 He has to work on Sundays,which he doesn’t like.他星期天得工作,這是他不喜歡的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③先行詞的區(qū)別 ④形式上的區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句同其先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切,是先行詞不可缺少的成分,因此,書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可和主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)主句、從句間有停頓。 例句:The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人賣(mài)菜。 This is George,whose class you will be taking. 這是喬治,你將接手教他的班。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑤譯文的區(qū)別 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往在先行詞之前,有時(shí)也可譯為并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多譯成并列句。 例句:One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. 有一天上午,有人趕著一頭大象沿著他們站的那條路走過(guò)來(lái)。 They went to the Royal Theatre,where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent. 他們?nèi)チ嘶始覄≡海谀抢锼麄兛戳艘撞飞摹侗藸枴び⑻亍贰?知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course,will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A.who B.when C.on which D.which 【解析】考查which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,代指前面整個(gè)句子。 【答案】D
知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Three minutes of silence on May 19th were kept to mourn for those _________ died in the earthquake. A.that B.whom C.who D.which 【解析】在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞是指人的代詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞通常用who,而不用that。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③Michael Phelps, _______ the feet are bigger than others,won eight gold medals at the Beijing Olympic Games. A.whose B.whom C.of who D.of whom 【解析】本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少定語(yǔ),所以用of whom。此題容易誤選A。因?yàn)槿鄙俣ㄕZ(yǔ),馬上想到選whose,但是句中有the,就不能選whose。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ④Chinese Women Football Team lost the game against Japanese in the 29th Olympics, we didn’t expect. A./ B.as C.which D.that 【解析】這里是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面整個(gè)主句。句意為:中國(guó)女足在第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)上輸給了日本隊(duì),這是我們沒(méi)料到的。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2.定語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化 有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句很復(fù)雜,不容易理解,這就需要我們將其簡(jiǎn)化。簡(jiǎn)化方式主要有以下幾種: (1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。 例句:The dam (that) we saw in the film wasn’t the Three Gorges Dam. 我們?cè)陔娪爸锌吹降拇髩尾皇侨龒{大壩。 (2)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞賓語(yǔ)而介詞在句尾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。 例句:I met a man (whom) my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. 我遇到了30年前和我爺爺一起工作的那個(gè)人。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(3)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為分詞短語(yǔ) 一般情況下,在定語(yǔ)從句中,如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),從句轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),則從句轉(zhuǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。 例句:The girl who is reading English aloud is my younger sister. →The girl reading English aloud is my younger sister. 大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)的是我妹妹。 I have heard the report which was made by Professor Li. →I have heard the report made by Professor Li. 我聽(tīng)了李教授所作的報(bào)告。 注意:并非所有的定語(yǔ)從句都能簡(jiǎn)化,以下情況都不能簡(jiǎn)化。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ①定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 例句:The man who has finished the work is Jack. 完成工作的那個(gè)人是杰克。 不能變?yōu)椋?The man having finished the work is Jack. ②定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 The professor who can speak Japanese is from Japan. 會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)的教授來(lái)自日本。 不能變?yōu)椋?The professor speaking Japanese is from Japan. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The man who gave us a talk was his father. 給我們作報(bào)告的那個(gè)人是他父親。 不能變?yōu)椋?The man giving us a talk was his father. (因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞giving表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(4)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為不定式短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或last,only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),該從句往往簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 Mary is the only person that can save me from danger. →Mary is the only person to save me from danger. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)從危難中解救我的人。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(5)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為“介詞+which+不定式”的形式。 The farmers uses wood to build a house in which they can store grain. →The farmers uses wood to build a house in which to store grain. 農(nóng)民用木頭建造房子用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存糧食。 注意:在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)詞in which不可用where代替。 (6)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)是形容詞短語(yǔ),則該定語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為形容詞短語(yǔ)。 The bottle which is full of milk is on the table. →The bottle full of milk is on the table. 裝滿牛奶的瓶子放在桌子上。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(7)定語(yǔ)從句簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ) 如果定語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)是介詞短語(yǔ),該從句常可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)。 The apples which are in the box are bad. →The apples in the box are bad. 箱子里的蘋(píng)果是壞的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①The man _______ was a friend of mine. A.you just talked to B.whom you just talked to him C.who you just talked to him D.which you just talked to 【解析】whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可將whom省略。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②The scientists went into a large house _______ gold and treasure by chance. A.was full of
B.was filled with C.full of D.that filled with 【解析】此題考查形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),修飾house。full of=which is full of。 【答案】C Thank you ! 必修3 Module 6
Old and New 課程解讀 話題 Old and New(古代的和現(xiàn)代的)連線高考[2010福建,完形填空] 功能 Adjectives expressing strong feelings(表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈情感的形容詞) 語(yǔ)法 1.Nondefining attributive clauses(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) 2.Contraction of attributive clauses(定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式) 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)詞匯及拓展 1.date vi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期) 2.generate vt.發(fā)(電) 3.harness vt.利用;將(自然力)變成動(dòng)力 4.narrow adj.狹窄的 5.remove vt.遷移;搬遷 6.ridiculous adj.荒唐的;可笑的 7.enormous adj.龐大的;巨大的 8.foggy adj.有濃霧的 9.crash vi.(飛機(jī))失事;墜毀 10.civil adj.民用的,國(guó)內(nèi)的→civilize v.使文明,使開(kāi)化→civilization n.文明 11.engineering n.(土木)工程→engineer n.工程師→engine n.發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) 12.accommodate vt.容納(乘客等)→accommodation n.容納 13.construction n.建造;建筑→construct vt.建造→constructive adj.建設(shè)性的 14.freezing adj.極冷的→freeze v.冷凍 課程解讀 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.date from起源于 2.hold back阻止 3.come true(夢(mèng)想等)變成現(xiàn)實(shí) 4.bring an end to結(jié)束,終止 5.work out算出,解決 6.dream of夢(mèng)想 7.now that既然 8.make sense有意義,有道理 重點(diǎn) 句型 1.It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.它花費(fèi)了6年時(shí)間建成,耗資200億美元。 2.sb.be surprised to do sth.某人驚奇地做某事 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)一
單詞 1. date n. 日期,年代;時(shí)代;約會(huì) v. 加日期于;起始于(某時(shí)期);屬于(某時(shí)期) 歸納拓展 (1)date from/back to屬于(某一歷史時(shí)期);始于……;追溯到……(二者作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),且無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若句中有信息提示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間往前推,則用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。) (2)to date到目前為止;迄今,至今 out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的;過(guò)期的 up to date現(xiàn)代的,直到最近 set a date for選定……的日期 go out for a date出去約會(huì) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The use of peas as food dates back to very early time. 豌豆作為食物很早以前就開(kāi)始了。 The computer is out of date/up to date. 這臺(tái)電腦是過(guò)時(shí)/新式的。 To date there has been no improvement in his condition. 到現(xiàn)在為止,他的狀況還是沒(méi)有好轉(zhuǎn)。 What’s the date today?/What date is it today? 今天是幾月幾號(hào)? 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Though this kind of clothes are beginning to be ________, she was very happy to wear it. A.out of date B.up to date C.old D.bad 【解析】句意為:盡管這種衣服不再開(kāi)始流行,她仍樂(lè)意穿著。out of date“過(guò)時(shí)的”,符合題意。up to date“新式的”。 【答案】A 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. accommodate vt.&vi. 容納;向……提供住宿;(使)適應(yīng);使遷就;調(diào)節(jié) 歸納拓展 (1)accommodate sb.for the night留某人過(guò)夜 accommodate sb.with...向某人提供…… accommodate oneself to使自己適應(yīng)……(to為介詞,故其后的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用doing形式) (2)accommodation n.住宿,住處,膳宿服務(wù) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:This hotel can accommodate 600 guests. 這家旅館可供600位客人住宿。 We could accommodate you with a room on the second floor for the period you mention. 我們可以按你提供的住宿期限向你提供2樓的一個(gè)房間。 Wherever he goes,he can accommodate himself to new circumstances. 無(wú)論走到哪里他都能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to ________ over two hundred people. A.include B.provide C.reside D.accommodate 【解析】句意為:幾個(gè)月前完工的這座新公寓大到可以容納二百多人。accommodate “為……提供住宿,容納”。A項(xiàng)include“包括”;B項(xiàng)provide “提供”,其結(jié)構(gòu)為provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.;C項(xiàng)reside “居住”。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 3. remove vt. 移動(dòng);搬遷;除去;使離開(kāi)vi. 遷移,搬家 n. 移動(dòng),距離,升級(jí) 歸納拓展 (1)remove...from...把……從……移開(kāi) remove sth. from some place to...把某物從……搬遷到…… be removed from school被開(kāi)除,勒令退學(xué) be removed from與……遠(yuǎn)離,與……疏遠(yuǎn),與……不一樣 (2)removal n.移動(dòng),遷居;免職 例句:Because of the serious air-pollution,the family is removing to the countryside. 由于空氣污染嚴(yán)重,這一家決定要搬到鄉(xiāng)下。 He was removed from school for playing truant too often.他因逃學(xué)太多被開(kāi)除了。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 同類辨析 move與remove (1)move指從一地到另一地的移動(dòng),移動(dòng)某物的位置或改變某人的姿勢(shì),既是及物動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞。 (2)remove“取消,去掉”,含有把不利的東西“除掉”的意思,強(qiáng)調(diào)完全放棄原來(lái)的地方而到達(dá)新的位置,有時(shí)相當(dāng)于take away/off,表示“遷居”時(shí),二者均可。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The department store will _______ forty employees after the holiday rush. A.hire B.fire C.remove D.B or C 【解析】remove和fire都有“開(kāi)除,解雇”的意思。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 4. freezing adj. 凍結(jié)的;極冷的;冷淡的n. 冰點(diǎn) 歸納拓展 (1)freeze v.使凍結(jié);凍僵 frozen adj.冷凍的;凍結(jié)的 be frozen to death 被凍死 (2)above/below freezing 零度以上/以下 the freezing point 冰點(diǎn) freezing cold 極冷 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 例句:The cold weather can even freeze petrol in car engines. 寒冷的天氣甚至能使汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)里的汽油凝固。 The temperature has dropped to the freezing point. 氣溫已降到了冰點(diǎn)。 Seeing the car accident,he was frozen with terror. 看到車禍,他嚇呆了。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 用freeze的適當(dāng)形式填空 ①I(mǎi)t’s freezing cold outside. ②The water of the lake frozen last night. ③Take frozen meat from the fridge and I will use it. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)二
短語(yǔ) 1. hold back阻擋;抑制,控制(情緒、情感等);猶豫 歸納拓展 (1)hold on to 抓住……不放,保留 hold up阻擋,使停頓(常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));把……抬起來(lái);支持住 (2)get/catch/take hold of抓住 例句:They had erected the barriers to hold back the flood.他們筑起屏障阻擋洪水。 Hearing her daughter’s success,she could not hold back tears of joy. 聽(tīng)到她女兒成功了,她禁不住流下喜悅的淚水。 She held back,not knowing how to break the terrible news. 她躊躇著,不知如何說(shuō)出這一可怕的消息。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①—Why are you so late? —Bad luck.A car accident took place not far outside the town, and so we were _________ on the way. A.stopped B.kept C.held up D.prevented 【解析】此句應(yīng)表示“我們受阻”,而A、B、D三項(xiàng)需與from doing連用;hold up“阻擋”,符合題意。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②Despite the attacks we ________ the bridge for 3 more days. A.hold on B.hold over C.hold up D.hold on to 【解析】考查hold的短語(yǔ)。hold on“堅(jiān)持,不掛斷”,為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ);hold over“推遲”;holp up“阻擋”。hold on to“抓住……不放手”,符合題意。 【答案】D 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 2. make sense有意義,有道理;講得通,可理解 歸納拓展 (1)make sense of了解……的意義,懂得 a sense of duty/humour/beauty/direction責(zé)任/幽默/審美/方向感 in no sense絕不 come to one’s senses恢復(fù)理性,蘇醒 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)道理/沒(méi)意義 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) (2)make sense與make sense of的區(qū)別: make sense“有意義;有道理;講得通;可理解”,物作主語(yǔ),無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),用to引出人。 make sense of“弄懂;理解”,人作主語(yǔ),可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),用of引出物。 注意:以上兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中,sense前不加冠詞,也不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例句:What he said just now makes no sense to me. =I make no sense of what he said just now. 我沒(méi)明白他剛才說(shuō)的話。 He has a very good sense of direction. 他的方向感很強(qiáng)。 There is no sense in getting upset about it now. 現(xiàn)在為這件事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 In a word,I don’t think what you said ________ at all. A.makes some sense B.make any sense C.makes sense D.make sense 【解析】句意為:總之一句話,我認(rèn)為你說(shuō)的一點(diǎn)道理也沒(méi)有。此題考查make sense的用法,意為“有道理,講得通”。因?yàn)閣hat you said作主語(yǔ),故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,排除B、D,答案為C。 【答案】C 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 要點(diǎn)三
語(yǔ)法 1.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行附加的說(shuō)明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般都另成一句,一般不用that引導(dǎo)。 (1)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合 ①若先行詞指代明確時(shí),如專有名詞和獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。 例句:Paul,whom everyone suspected,turned out to be innocent. 一開(kāi)始大家都懷疑保羅,后來(lái)證明他是無(wú)辜的。 ②若關(guān)系代詞作復(fù)雜介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 He is ill,in spite of which he keeps on studying. 他病了,盡管如此,他仍堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③若關(guān)系代詞作of的賓語(yǔ),且of前有數(shù)詞、代詞或名詞時(shí)。 例句:The buses,most of which were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車大部分都已滿載,周圍是一大群憤怒的人。 ④先行詞指代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容時(shí)。 例句:He invited us to dinner,which was very kind of him.他請(qǐng)我們吃飯,這是他的好意。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 ①語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ),若去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義;而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系不那么密切,只是對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行一些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,若去掉,主句意思仍然清楚和完整。 例句:I was the only person in my office that was invited.我是我們辦公室里唯一受到邀請(qǐng)的人。 Mr Smith,for whom I was working,was very generous about overtime payments. 史密斯先生是我的老板,在付加班費(fèi)方面很大方。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ②關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能使用that,而應(yīng)使用which,且不能省略,同時(shí)也不能使用關(guān)系副詞why;限制性定語(yǔ)從句中既可使用that,也可使用why,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。 例句:Football,that is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.(×) Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.(√) 足球是一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng),世界各地都踢足球。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為名詞或代詞,但專有名詞除外;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞、短語(yǔ)、另一從句或整個(gè)主句。 例句:We are ready to do anything that is of some help to others. 我們?cè)敢庾鰧?duì)別人有幫助的任何事情。 He said that Li Hong had passed the college entrance examination,which I thought to be possible. 他說(shuō)李紅考上了大學(xué),我認(rèn)為這是可能的。 He has to work on Sundays,which he doesn’t like.他星期天得工作,這是他不喜歡的。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ③先行詞的區(qū)別 ④形式上的區(qū)別 限制性定語(yǔ)從句同其先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切,是先行詞不可缺少的成分,因此,書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi);而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可和主句用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)主句、從句間有停頓。 例句:The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我們隔壁的那個(gè)人賣(mài)菜。 This is George,whose class you will be taking. 這是喬治,你將接手教他的班。 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) ⑤譯文的區(qū)別 在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句往往在先行詞之前,有時(shí)也可譯為并列分句或狀語(yǔ)從句;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句多譯成并列句。 例句:One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. 有一天上午,有人趕著一頭大象沿著他們站的那條路走過(guò)來(lái)。 They went to the Royal Theatre,where they saw Ibsen’s Peer Gent. 他們?nèi)チ嘶始覄≡海谀抢锼麄兛戳艘撞飞摹侗藸枴び⑻亍贰?知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 ①The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course,will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A.who B.when C.on which D.which 【解析】考查which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,代指前面整個(gè)句子。 【答案】D