2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專練課件：5 名詞性從句（牛津譯林版）
高頻考點(diǎn)一 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.連接代詞what的用法 what可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作主語、表語、賓語 或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。它引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)有兩個(gè)意思:一是表示“什么”,帶有 疑問意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)先行詞后接一個(gè)關(guān)系代 詞。
考點(diǎn)清單 典例1????(2024安徽,25)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not???? ships are built for. ?答案 what ?解析 句意:在港口的船是安全的,但是那并不是船被建造的目的。“ ???? ????ships are built for”為表語從句,該從句中缺少賓語且表示“事物”,故答案 為what。 ? 2.whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever與who,what,whom,which的區(qū)別 whoever 意為“無論誰”,相當(dāng)于anyone who,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作主語或賓語,無疑問的意思。如:Whoever (=Anyone who) goes against the law shall be pun-ished. who 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在句中作主語或賓語,意為“誰”,有疑問的意思。如:I don't know who will take the place of Tom to do the work. whatever 意為“任何(事物),無論什么東西”,相當(dāng)于anything that,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或定語,表示無范圍的選擇。如:One should stick to what-ever he or she has begun. what 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語,表示無范圍的選擇。如:What he says doesn't agree with what he does. whomever 意為“任何人,無論是誰”,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作賓語。如:You may invite whomever you like. whom 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在從句中作賓語,意為“誰”。如:I asked her whom she had told the story to. whichever 意為“無論哪個(gè)、哪些”,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句。表示有范圍的選擇。如:Take whichever you want. which 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,意為“哪一個(gè),哪一些”,在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。表示有范圍的選擇。如:They are twins,so I can't tell which is Lucy. 典例2????(2024北京,33)Some people believe????has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. ?答案 whatever ?解析 句意:一些人認(rèn)為無論以前發(fā)生過的事情還是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情都 會(huì)在將來重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。通過分析可知“????has happened before or is happen- ing now”作believe后的賓語從句的主語,根據(jù)句意和句子成分分析,本空應(yīng)填 whatever(任何……的事情)來引導(dǎo)主語從句。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)二 連接詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.that的用法 that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,本 身也沒有詞義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語從句時(shí)that常可省略,但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語 從句、 同位語從句時(shí)that通常不被省略。
典例3????(2024北京,33)I truly believe ????beauty comes from within. ?答案 that ?解析 句意:我確信美麗源自內(nèi)在。“???? beauty comes from within”為 賓語從句,該從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故用that。 ? 連接詞 whether 和if表“是否”,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分, 但有自己的意義。 在下列情況下只能用whether而不用if: (1)在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中; (2)在介詞后的賓語從句中; (3)與or not連在一起使用時(shí)。 典例4????(2024陜西,20)It remains to be seen????the newly formed committee' s policy can be put into practice. ?答案 whether ?解析 句意:新組成的委員會(huì)制定的政策是否能實(shí)施還有待觀察。題干中it 是形式主語,空格處引導(dǎo)主語從句,whether符合句意。 2.whether/if的用法 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)三 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 連接副詞 when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中作狀語,有自己的 意義,去掉后從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。 典例5????(2024北京,35)????we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ?答案 How ?解析 句意:我們理解事物的方式與我們的認(rèn)知有很大關(guān)系。“????we
understand things”為主語從句,該從句中缺少方式狀語(如何),故用How。 ? 知識(shí)清單 名詞性從句 一、名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能總述 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句 是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。名詞性從句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):以that引導(dǎo) 的從句;以whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句;以連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。此外,as if/as though也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。具體用法見下表: 知識(shí)清單 從句 連接詞???? 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 作及物動(dòng)詞賓語 作介詞賓語 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if(是 否) 放于句首時(shí)只 用whether 用whether/if均可,但有區(qū)別 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 連接代詞和連 接副詞 注意語序要用陳述句語序 二、that (一)主語從句 1.that從句作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,常見的句型有: (1)It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible, likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 從句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她會(huì)考得很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切告訴了她。 (2)It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 從句。如: It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊(duì)贏了比賽并不令人驚奇。 (3)It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如: It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到北京了。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 已經(jīng)定下來了,會(huì)議推遲到了下周一。 2.在口語和非正式文體中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that總是不 必要的,但that從句位于句首時(shí),that是不能省略的。如: It's a pity(that)you're leaving.真遺憾你要走了。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加今晚的音樂會(huì),這對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)好消息。 (二)賓語從句 1.常見的可以接that從句作賓語的動(dòng)詞有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe, tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞之后,如think,make,con- sider等,可以用it作形式賓語。如: Do you know(that)he has joined the army? 你知道他參軍了嗎? I'm sure(that)he will pass the exam. 我確信他會(huì)通過考試。 We think it highly probable that he is dead. 我們認(rèn)為他很可能已經(jīng)死了。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要改進(jìn)他的發(fā)音。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不會(huì)屈服的,這一點(diǎn)他已明確表示了。 2.that從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語,偶爾可作except,in的賓語。如: He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是個(gè)好學(xué)生,就是有點(diǎn)粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把課余時(shí)間用在了讀書上。 其他介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語時(shí),必須用it作形式賓語。如: You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。 (三)表語從句 that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí),不可省略。如: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.我的決定 是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 (四)同位語從句 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought, suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用, that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,通常情況不能省 略。如: There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 我有一種感覺,我們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道不明飛行物是什么——永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)。 三、whether/if(是否) (一)表語從句和同位語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)不能用if;當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí), 也常用whether引導(dǎo)不用if;當(dāng)it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末時(shí),用whether或if 引導(dǎo)均可,但如果被后置的主語從句中含有or not時(shí)常用whether;discuss后必須 用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如: Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.(主語從句放于句首) The problem is whether the meeting will be given.(表語從句) I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(同位語從句) It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主語從句放于句末) 他是否要來還不確定。 (二)賓語從句 1.在及物動(dòng)詞后: (×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether從句中不能用否定式) (√)I don't care whether/if he comes or not. (√)I don't care whether or not he comes. (×)I don't care if or not he comes. (√)I don't know whether to go there. 2.在介詞后: 在介詞后只用whether,不用 if。如: It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那要取決于你是否能做好這項(xiàng)工作。 四、連接代詞和連接副詞 (一)主語從句 特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語。如: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無所謂。 It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由誰來主持會(huì)議還 沒有確定。 (二)賓語從句 1.能接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動(dòng)詞(詞組)有很多,常見的有see,tell,ask, know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,in- form,advise等。如: I can't imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做的這件事。 They couldn't understand why I refused it. 他們不明白我為什么拒絕。 2.特殊疑問詞作介詞賓語。如: It all depends on how we solve the problem. 這完全要看我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個(gè)問題。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我們正在為下一步該做什么而煩惱。 (三)表語從句、同位語從句 The problem is where we should stay. 問題是我們應(yīng)該待在哪里。(表語從句) My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我如何能和他取得聯(lián)系的問題還沒有得到答復(fù)。(同位語從句) 易混點(diǎn)總結(jié) 名詞性從句的幾個(gè)問題 一、that通常不可省略的情況
1.that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時(shí),that不可以省略; 2.當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的 that不可省略; 3.由it作形式賓語時(shí),that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,that也不可省略。 二、wh-ever與no matter wh-的用法區(qū)別
wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句,又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;而no matter wh-只 能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me. =No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. 無論我說什么,他都不會(huì)聽我的。(讓步狀語從句) He would believe whatever I said. 我說什么他都信。(賓語從句) 另外,在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,-ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,含有 “究竟,到底”的意思。如: Wherever have you been? 你究竟去了哪里? 三、as if/as though,because,why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 天好像要下雨。 That's because he didn't work hard enough. 那是因?yàn)樗ぷ鞑粔蚺Α?That was why I asked for three days' leave. 那就是為什么我請(qǐng)了三天假。 注意:because引導(dǎo)的表語從句,主語不能是reason或cause,而且since,as一般不引 導(dǎo)表語從句。 四、連詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后,如news,word(消息), idea,fact,hope,desire,thought等,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,連詞that只起 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 是完整的,不缺任何成分。 關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語從句的作用,另 一方面在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。因此,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是不 完整的。如: The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位語從句,不 缺任何成分) 我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞。 The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定語從句,缺少賓語) 我們?cè)谑找魴C(jī)里聽到的那個(gè)消息不是真的。
高頻考點(diǎn)一 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.連接代詞what的用法 what可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作主語、表語、賓語 或賓語補(bǔ)足語等。它引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)有兩個(gè)意思:一是表示“什么”,帶有 疑問意味;二是表示“……所……的”,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)先行詞后接一個(gè)關(guān)系代 詞。
考點(diǎn)清單 典例1????(2024安徽,25)A ship in harbor is safe,but that's not???? ships are built for. ?答案 what ?解析 句意:在港口的船是安全的,但是那并不是船被建造的目的。“ ???? ????ships are built for”為表語從句,該從句中缺少賓語且表示“事物”,故答案 為what。 ? 2.whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever與who,what,whom,which的區(qū)別 whoever 意為“無論誰”,相當(dāng)于anyone who,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作主語或賓語,無疑問的意思。如:Whoever (=Anyone who) goes against the law shall be pun-ished. who 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在句中作主語或賓語,意為“誰”,有疑問的意思。如:I don't know who will take the place of Tom to do the work. whatever 意為“任何(事物),無論什么東西”,相當(dāng)于anything that,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或定語,表示無范圍的選擇。如:One should stick to what-ever he or she has begun. what 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語,表示無范圍的選擇。如:What he says doesn't agree with what he does. whomever 意為“任何人,無論是誰”,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句,在名詞性從句中作賓語。如:You may invite whomever you like. whom 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,在從句中作賓語,意為“誰”。如:I asked her whom she had told the story to. whichever 意為“無論哪個(gè)、哪些”,可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句或讓步狀語從句。表示有范圍的選擇。如:Take whichever you want. which 可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,意為“哪一個(gè),哪一些”,在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。表示有范圍的選擇。如:They are twins,so I can't tell which is Lucy. 典例2????(2024北京,33)Some people believe????has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. ?答案 whatever ?解析 句意:一些人認(rèn)為無論以前發(fā)生過的事情還是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情都 會(huì)在將來重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。通過分析可知“????has happened before or is happen- ing now”作believe后的賓語從句的主語,根據(jù)句意和句子成分分析,本空應(yīng)填 whatever(任何……的事情)來引導(dǎo)主語從句。 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)二 連接詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 1.that的用法 that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,本 身也沒有詞義。引導(dǎo)單一的賓語從句時(shí)that常可省略,但引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語 從句、 同位語從句時(shí)that通常不被省略。
典例3????(2024北京,33)I truly believe ????beauty comes from within. ?答案 that ?解析 句意:我確信美麗源自內(nèi)在。“???? beauty comes from within”為 賓語從句,該從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故用that。 ? 連接詞 whether 和if表“是否”,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分, 但有自己的意義。 在下列情況下只能用whether而不用if: (1)在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中; (2)在介詞后的賓語從句中; (3)與or not連在一起使用時(shí)。 典例4????(2024陜西,20)It remains to be seen????the newly formed committee' s policy can be put into practice. ?答案 whether ?解析 句意:新組成的委員會(huì)制定的政策是否能實(shí)施還有待觀察。題干中it 是形式主語,空格處引導(dǎo)主語從句,whether符合句意。 2.whether/if的用法 ? 高頻考點(diǎn)三 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 連接副詞 when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中作狀語,有自己的 意義,去掉后從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。 典例5????(2024北京,35)????we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ?答案 How ?解析 句意:我們理解事物的方式與我們的認(rèn)知有很大關(guān)系。“????we
understand things”為主語從句,該從句中缺少方式狀語(如何),故用How。 ? 知識(shí)清單 名詞性從句 一、名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能總述 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句 是一種具有名詞功能的非獨(dú)立分句。名詞性從句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):以that引導(dǎo) 的從句;以whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句;以連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。此外,as if/as though也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。具體用法見下表: 知識(shí)清單 從句 連接詞???? 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 作及物動(dòng)詞賓語 作介詞賓語 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if(是 否) 放于句首時(shí)只 用whether 用whether/if均可,但有區(qū)別 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 連接代詞和連 接副詞 注意語序要用陳述句語序 二、that (一)主語從句 1.that從句作主語時(shí),常用it作形式主語,常見的句型有: (1)It+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible, likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 從句。如: It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 可以肯定她會(huì)考得很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切告訴了她。 (2)It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 從句。如: It's no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊(duì)贏了比賽并不令人驚奇。 (3)It+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged, etc.)+that從句。如: It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing. 據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到北京了。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 已經(jīng)定下來了,會(huì)議推遲到了下周一。 2.在口語和非正式文體中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that總是不 必要的,但that從句位于句首時(shí),that是不能省略的。如: It's a pity(that)you're leaving.真遺憾你要走了。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我們被邀請(qǐng)去參加今晚的音樂會(huì),這對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)好消息。 (二)賓語從句 1.常見的可以接that從句作賓語的動(dòng)詞有see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe, tell,show,think,consider等。在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞之后,如think,make,con- sider等,可以用it作形式賓語。如: Do you know(that)he has joined the army? 你知道他參軍了嗎? I'm sure(that)he will pass the exam. 我確信他會(huì)通過考試。 We think it highly probable that he is dead. 我們認(rèn)為他很可能已經(jīng)死了。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要改進(jìn)他的發(fā)音。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不會(huì)屈服的,這一點(diǎn)他已明確表示了。 2.that從句一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語,偶爾可作except,in的賓語。如: He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是個(gè)好學(xué)生,就是有點(diǎn)粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把課余時(shí)間用在了讀書上。 其他介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語時(shí),必須用it作形式賓語。如: You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。 (三)表語從句 that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí),不可省略。如: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.我的決定 是我們所有人明天早上6點(diǎn)出發(fā)。 (四)同位語從句 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后,如:fact,hope,desire,thought, suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用, that只起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,通常情況不能省 略。如: There's a feeling in me that we'll never know what a UFO is—not ever. 我有一種感覺,我們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道不明飛行物是什么——永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)。 三、whether/if(是否) (一)表語從句和同位語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)不能用if;當(dāng)主語從句放于句首時(shí), 也常用whether引導(dǎo)不用if;當(dāng)it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末時(shí),用whether或if 引導(dǎo)均可,但如果被后置的主語從句中含有or not時(shí)常用whether;discuss后必須 用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。如: Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.(主語從句放于句首) The problem is whether the meeting will be given.(表語從句) I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.(同位語從句) It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主語從句放于句末) 他是否要來還不確定。 (二)賓語從句 1.在及物動(dòng)詞后: (×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether從句中不能用否定式) (√)I don't care whether/if he comes or not. (√)I don't care whether or not he comes. (×)I don't care if or not he comes. (√)I don't know whether to go there. 2.在介詞后: 在介詞后只用whether,不用 if。如: It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那要取決于你是否能做好這項(xiàng)工作。 四、連接代詞和連接副詞 (一)主語從句 特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語。如: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無所謂。 It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由誰來主持會(huì)議還 沒有確定。 (二)賓語從句 1.能接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的動(dòng)詞(詞組)有很多,常見的有see,tell,ask, know,decide,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,in- form,advise等。如: I can't imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做的這件事。 They couldn't understand why I refused it. 他們不明白我為什么拒絕。 2.特殊疑問詞作介詞賓語。如: It all depends on how we solve the problem. 這完全要看我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個(gè)問題。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我們正在為下一步該做什么而煩惱。 (三)表語從句、同位語從句 The problem is where we should stay. 問題是我們應(yīng)該待在哪里。(表語從句) My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我如何能和他取得聯(lián)系的問題還沒有得到答復(fù)。(同位語從句) 易混點(diǎn)總結(jié) 名詞性從句的幾個(gè)問題 一、that通常不可省略的情況
1.that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首時(shí),that不可以省略; 2.當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的 that不可省略; 3.由it作形式賓語時(shí),that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,that也不可省略。 二、wh-ever與no matter wh-的用法區(qū)別
wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性關(guān)系從句,又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;而no matter wh-只 能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如: Whatever I said,he wouldn't listen to me. =No matter what I said,he wouldn't listen to me. 無論我說什么,他都不會(huì)聽我的。(讓步狀語從句) He would believe whatever I said. 我說什么他都信。(賓語從句) 另外,在whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever中,-ever起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,含有 “究竟,到底”的意思。如: Wherever have you been? 你究竟去了哪里? 三、as if/as though,because,why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如: It looked as if it was going to rain. 天好像要下雨。 That's because he didn't work hard enough. 那是因?yàn)樗ぷ鞑粔蚺Α?That was why I asked for three days' leave. 那就是為什么我請(qǐng)了三天假。 注意:because引導(dǎo)的表語從句,主語不能是reason或cause,而且since,as一般不引 導(dǎo)表語從句。 四、連詞that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別 連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí),應(yīng)放在某些抽象名詞之后,如news,word(消息), idea,fact,hope,desire,thought等,對(duì)前面的名詞起補(bǔ)充說明的作用,連詞that只起 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分,因此that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 是完整的,不缺任何成分。 關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導(dǎo)定語從句的作用,另 一方面在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。因此,that引導(dǎo)的定語從句是不 完整的。如: The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同位語從句,不 缺任何成分) 我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞。 The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定語從句,缺少賓語) 我們?cè)谑找魴C(jī)里聽到的那個(gè)消息不是真的。
