2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題提分考點(diǎn)課件：1 名詞

　　語(yǔ)法專題

　　語(yǔ)法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)1　名詞

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練

　　語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)名詞的考查包括根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，特別是固定搭配中的名詞(不給提示詞)和用所給詞的名詞形式填空(給出動(dòng)詞、形容詞等提示詞)以及給出名詞作提示詞要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換等。 特別說(shuō)明：本考點(diǎn)主要講解名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，有關(guān)名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換將在“考點(diǎn)6詞類轉(zhuǎn)換”中具體講解，本考點(diǎn)不再贅述。

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟 　

　　練知考情　會(huì)方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting)． 解析：句意：漓江被畫(huà)家畫(huà)到很多中國(guó)畫(huà)中。因?yàn)樵撛~由so many修飾，所以這里填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)For most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 解析：句意：對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種變化是逐漸的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填詞作主語(yǔ)，其前是定冠詞，所以應(yīng)為名詞；根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 changes

　　paintings

　　3．(2024·遼寧卷)Peter: Unbelievable! Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe)． 解析：句意：……我要停下來(lái)深吸一口氣。take a deep breath “深呼吸”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 breath

　　提示詞為名詞時(shí)，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞性不用變，則應(yīng)填寫(xiě)所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1．利用設(shè)空前表示數(shù)量的many, several, all, both等確定名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 2．可數(shù)名詞前無(wú)冠詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．設(shè)空前有one of (the/my等)提示詞，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 答案與解析：airs→air　air是物質(zhì)名詞，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2024·四川卷短文改錯(cuò))As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 答案與解析：friend→friends　friend為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的數(shù)詞three可知此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將friend改為friends。 3．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 答案與解析：step→steps　step是可數(shù)名詞，前有some修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. 答案與解析：time→times　time在此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”，由前面的several可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports one hour every day. 答案與解析：第一個(gè)hour→hours　one and a half “一個(gè)半”修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故將hour改為hours。 1．可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用 ①有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如trousers, manners(禮貌)等。 ②在指示代詞this, that后用單數(shù)名詞，these, those后用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 2．可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)用 ①誤把不可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞，如progress(進(jìn)步), luggage(行李), advice(建議)等，只能用作不可數(shù)名詞。 ②有些詞如time可用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷。 3．誤把名詞的普通格用作所有格，表示“……的”時(shí)應(yīng)用名詞的所有格。

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)　

　　語(yǔ)法精講　明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)　

　　1．一般情況下直接在詞尾加-s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞。 2．以-x，-s，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，在詞尾加-es，注意stomach→stomachs除外。 3．以-o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞-es，以-o結(jié)尾的無(wú)生命的名詞以及以-oo結(jié)尾的名詞后加-s。如：tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes, radio→radios, zoo→zoos等。 4．以“輔音字母＋-y”結(jié)尾的變-y為-i再加-es。 5．以-f/-fe結(jié)尾的單詞，把-f/-fe變?yōu)?v再加-es。如：wife→wives。但roof→roofs, belief→beliefs除外。 6．名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化形式。①改變名詞中的元音字母。如man→men, mouse→mice。child→children除外。②單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如sheep, deer, means (方法)，works (工廠)等。③復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)的情況：將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：son-in-law→sons-in-law；無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)，在復(fù)合名詞的詞尾加-s，如：grown-up→grown-ups；將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：woman singer→women singers。 be in high spirits情緒高昂 burst into tears/cheers

　　放聲大哭/大聲喝彩 make preparations for ...

　　為……做準(zhǔn)備 make (both) ends meet

　　使收支相抵 in terms of

　　就……而言 in ruins

　　成為廢墟 in all directions

　　向四面八方 take pains

　　盡力；刻苦 take turns

　　輪流 考查名詞固定搭配在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。常見(jiàn)的固定搭配： 動(dòng)詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 catch sight of突然看見(jiàn) in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處 give a solution 解決 beyond belief難以置信的 have/gain access to 取得……的使用機(jī)會(huì) in great demand 需求量很大 take place 發(fā)生 beyond recognition 認(rèn)不出來(lái) 動(dòng)詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 take advantage of利用 out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) make room for 為……騰出空間 on condition that

　　只要 make contact with 與……取得聯(lián)系 on the whole 從整體而言；總的來(lái)說(shuō) make a compromise 妥協(xié) in possession of 擁有

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　　Ⅰ.單句訓(xùn)練 1．In the rush hour, there were so many cars and

　　(bus) on the road. 2．More than 300

　　(coach) have been invited to the meeting. 3．He lost all his

　　(key) to the doors, so he had to get them opened by force. 4．They took some

　　(photo) when they visited China. 5．The little boy ate so many

　　(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. potatoes

　　buses

　　coaches

　　keys

　　photos

　　6．There are many interesting

　　(story) in the book. 7．The two

　　(class) are planting trees in the field. 8．It is one of the best

　　(way) to solve the problem. 9．College students are _____________(grown－up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live. 10．The

　　(roof) of these cottages were covered with ____________(leaf)． leaves

　　stories

　　classes

　　ways

　　grown－ups

　　roofs

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._______________ 2．Parents can be very important teacher in our life.________________

　　3．We should take effective measure to solve this problem.___________________ 4．To our surprises, they all felt curious at it.__________________ 5．Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning._____________________ troubles→trouble

　　name→names

　　teacher→teachers

　　measure→measures

　　surprises→surprise

　　Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 It's time to go back to school! Both Chinese and American students are getting ready ____ the first day of school. But they are not _________ (do) it in the same way. Most Chinese __________ (school) start on the same day in September, while US schools don't. Classes can begin any time between August and September. Each school gets to decide ___________ their classes will start. Except for first－year students, every year most Chinese students see the same teachers and classmates. US students, however, see some big ___________ (change)． changes

　　for

　　doing

　　schools

　　when

　　In American high schools, _____________ (subject) are divided into different levels. Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses based on their _____________ (ability) and interests. This means that every year US students go to different classrooms for all of their different classes. Also, students at your age in the US go to school a few __________ (day) early to pick their own schedule. Then they get a big welcome or orientation(迎新會(huì)). For first－year students, the first day of school also means they can get ____________ own lockers(儲(chǔ)物柜). Elementary school students in the US have to share lockers with their classmates. But once they make it to junior high, they ________ (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! finally

　　subjects

　　abilities

　　days

　　their

　　語(yǔ)法專題

　　語(yǔ)法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)1　名詞

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練

　　語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)名詞的考查包括根據(jù)語(yǔ)境填適當(dāng)?shù)拿~，特別是固定搭配中的名詞(不給提示詞)和用所給詞的名詞形式填空(給出動(dòng)詞、形容詞等提示詞)以及給出名詞作提示詞要求對(duì)其進(jìn)行單復(fù)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換等。 特別說(shuō)明：本考點(diǎn)主要講解名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，有關(guān)名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換將在“考點(diǎn)6詞類轉(zhuǎn)換”中具體講解，本考點(diǎn)不再贅述。

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟 　

　　練知考情　會(huì)方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting)． 解析：句意：漓江被畫(huà)家畫(huà)到很多中國(guó)畫(huà)中。因?yàn)樵撛~由so many修飾，所以這里填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)For most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 解析：句意：對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種變化是逐漸的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填詞作主語(yǔ)，其前是定冠詞，所以應(yīng)為名詞；根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 changes

　　paintings

　　3．(2024·遼寧卷)Peter: Unbelievable! Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe)． 解析：句意：……我要停下來(lái)深吸一口氣。take a deep breath “深呼吸”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 breath

　　提示詞為名詞時(shí)，分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞性不用變，則應(yīng)填寫(xiě)所給名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1．利用設(shè)空前表示數(shù)量的many, several, all, both等確定名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 2．可數(shù)名詞前無(wú)冠詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．設(shè)空前有one of (the/my等)提示詞，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．設(shè)空處作主語(yǔ)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 答案與解析：airs→air　air是物質(zhì)名詞，是不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．(2024·四川卷短文改錯(cuò))As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 答案與解析：friend→friends　friend為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的數(shù)詞three可知此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將friend改為friends。 3．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 答案與解析：step→steps　step是可數(shù)名詞，前有some修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. 答案與解析：time→times　time在此處為可數(shù)名詞，意為“次數(shù)”，由前面的several可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports one hour every day. 答案與解析：第一個(gè)hour→hours　one and a half “一個(gè)半”修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故將hour改為hours。 1．可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)用 ①有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如trousers, manners(禮貌)等。 ②在指示代詞this, that后用單數(shù)名詞，these, those后用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 2．可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)用 ①誤把不可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞，如progress(進(jìn)步), luggage(行李), advice(建議)等，只能用作不可數(shù)名詞。 ②有些詞如time可用作可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷。 3．誤把名詞的普通格用作所有格，表示“……的”時(shí)應(yīng)用名詞的所有格。

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)　

　　語(yǔ)法精講　明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)　

　　1．一般情況下直接在詞尾加-s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞。 2．以-x，-s，-ch，-sh結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，在詞尾加-es，注意stomach→stomachs除外。 3．以-o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞-es，以-o結(jié)尾的無(wú)生命的名詞以及以-oo結(jié)尾的名詞后加-s。如：tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes, radio→radios, zoo→zoos等。 4．以“輔音字母＋-y”結(jié)尾的變-y為-i再加-es。 5．以-f/-fe結(jié)尾的單詞，把-f/-fe變?yōu)?v再加-es。如：wife→wives。但roof→roofs, belief→beliefs除外。 6．名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化形式。①改變名詞中的元音字母。如man→men, mouse→mice。child→children除外。②單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。如sheep, deer, means (方法)，works (工廠)等。③復(fù)合名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)的情況：將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：son-in-law→sons-in-law；無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)，在復(fù)合名詞的詞尾加-s，如：grown-up→grown-ups；將兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如：woman singer→women singers。 be in high spirits情緒高昂 burst into tears/cheers

　　放聲大哭/大聲喝彩 make preparations for ...

　　為……做準(zhǔn)備 make (both) ends meet

　　使收支相抵 in terms of

　　就……而言 in ruins

　　成為廢墟 in all directions

　　向四面八方 take pains

　　盡力；刻苦 take turns

　　輪流 考查名詞固定搭配在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。常見(jiàn)的固定搭配： 動(dòng)詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 catch sight of突然看見(jiàn) in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處 give a solution 解決 beyond belief難以置信的 have/gain access to 取得……的使用機(jī)會(huì) in great demand 需求量很大 take place 發(fā)生 beyond recognition 認(rèn)不出來(lái) 動(dòng)詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 take advantage of利用 out of question毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) make room for 為……騰出空間 on condition that

　　只要 make contact with 與……取得聯(lián)系 on the whole 從整體而言；總的來(lái)說(shuō) make a compromise 妥協(xié) in possession of 擁有

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　　Ⅰ.單句訓(xùn)練 1．In the rush hour, there were so many cars and

　　(bus) on the road. 2．More than 300

　　(coach) have been invited to the meeting. 3．He lost all his

　　(key) to the doors, so he had to get them opened by force. 4．They took some

　　(photo) when they visited China. 5．The little boy ate so many

　　(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. potatoes

　　buses

　　coaches

　　keys

　　photos

　　6．There are many interesting

　　(story) in the book. 7．The two

　　(class) are planting trees in the field. 8．It is one of the best

　　(way) to solve the problem. 9．College students are _____________(grown－up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live. 10．The

　　(roof) of these cottages were covered with ____________(leaf)． leaves

　　stories

　　classes

　　ways

　　grown－ups

　　roofs

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._______________ 2．Parents can be very important teacher in our life.________________

　　3．We should take effective measure to solve this problem.___________________ 4．To our surprises, they all felt curious at it.__________________ 5．Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning._____________________ troubles→trouble

　　name→names

　　teacher→teachers

　　measure→measures

　　surprises→surprise

　　Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 It's time to go back to school! Both Chinese and American students are getting ready ____ the first day of school. But they are not _________ (do) it in the same way. Most Chinese __________ (school) start on the same day in September, while US schools don't. Classes can begin any time between August and September. Each school gets to decide ___________ their classes will start. Except for first－year students, every year most Chinese students see the same teachers and classmates. US students, however, see some big ___________ (change)． changes

　　for

　　doing

　　schools

　　when

　　In American high schools, _____________ (subject) are divided into different levels. Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses based on their _____________ (ability) and interests. This means that every year US students go to different classrooms for all of their different classes. Also, students at your age in the US go to school a few __________ (day) early to pick their own schedule. Then they get a big welcome or orientation(迎新會(huì)). For first－year students, the first day of school also means they can get ____________ own lockers(儲(chǔ)物柜). Elementary school students in the US have to share lockers with their classmates. But once they make it to junior high, they ________ (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! finally

　　subjects

　　abilities

　　days

　　their