2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法專題提分考點課件：1 名詞

　　語法專題

　　語法提分微點案 考點1　名詞

　　微視角　大領悟

　　微學堂　漲分數

　　微考場　新演練

　　語法填空題對名詞的考查包括根據語境填適當的名詞，特別是固定搭配中的名詞(不給提示詞)和用所給詞的名詞形式填空(給出動詞、形容詞等提示詞)以及給出名詞作提示詞要求對其進行單復數轉換等。 特別說明：本考點主要講解名詞的單復數，有關名詞的詞性轉換將在“考點6詞類轉換”中具體講解，本考點不再贅述。

　　微視角　大領悟 　

　　練知考情　會方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting)． 解析：句意：漓江被畫家畫到很多中國畫中。因為該詞由so many修飾，所以這里填名詞的復數形式。 2．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)For most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 解析：句意：對我們大多數人來說，這種變化是逐漸的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填詞作主語，其前是定冠詞，所以應為名詞；根據謂語are可知應用復數形式。 changes

　　paintings

　　3．(2024·遼寧卷)Peter: Unbelievable! Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe)． 解析：句意：……我要停下來深吸一口氣。take a deep breath “深呼吸”，是固定短語。 breath

　　提示詞為名詞時，分析句子成分后發現詞性不用變，則應填寫所給名詞的復數形式。 1．利用設空前表示數量的many, several, all, both等確定名詞用復數。 2．可數名詞前無冠詞應用復數形式。 3．設空前有one of (the/my等)提示詞，名詞用復數形式。 4．設空處作主語，且謂語動詞是復數形式，則設空處應填名詞復數形式。 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ短文改錯)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 答案與解析：airs→air　air是物質名詞，是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。 2．(2024·四川卷短文改錯)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 答案與解析：friend→friends　friend為可數名詞，根據前面的數詞three可知此處應用復數形式，故將friend改為friends。 3．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯)Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 答案與解析：step→steps　step是可數名詞，前有some修飾，故用復數形式。 4．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯)We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. 答案與解析：time→times　time在此處為可數名詞，意為“次數”，由前面的several可知，此處應用復數形式。 5．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ短文改錯)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports one hour every day. 答案與解析：第一個hour→hours　one and a half “一個半”修飾復數名詞，故將hour改為hours。 1．可數名詞單復數的錯用 ①有些名詞常以復數形式出現，如trousers, manners(禮貌)等。 ②在指示代詞this, that后用單數名詞，these, those后用復數名詞。 2．可數名詞與不可數名詞的錯用 ①誤把不可數名詞當作可數名詞，如progress(進步), luggage(行李), advice(建議)等，只能用作不可數名詞。 ②有些詞如time可用作可數名詞或不可數名詞，應根據語境判斷。 3．誤把名詞的普通格用作所有格，表示“……的”時應用名詞的所有格。

　　微學堂　漲分數　

　　語法精講　明重點難點　

　　1．一般情況下直接在詞尾加-s變為復數名詞。 2．以-x，-s，-ch，-sh結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時，在詞尾加-es，注意stomach→stomachs除外。 3．以-o結尾的有生命的名詞-es，以-o結尾的無生命的名詞以及以-oo結尾的名詞后加-s。如：tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes, radio→radios, zoo→zoos等。 4．以“輔音字母＋-y”結尾的變-y為-i再加-es。 5．以-f/-fe結尾的單詞，把-f/-fe變為-v再加-es。如：wife→wives。但roof→roofs, belief→beliefs除外。 6．名詞復數的不規則變化形式。①改變名詞中的元音字母。如man→men, mouse→mice。child→children除外。②單復數形式相同。如sheep, deer, means (方法)，works (工廠)等。③復合名詞變成復數的情況：將主體名詞變為復數，如：son-in-law→sons-in-law；無主體名詞時，在復合名詞的詞尾加-s，如：grown-up→grown-ups；將兩部分都變為復數，如：woman singer→women singers。 be in high spirits情緒高昂 burst into tears/cheers

　　放聲大哭/大聲喝彩 make preparations for ...

　　為……做準備 make (both) ends meet

　　使收支相抵 in terms of

　　就……而言 in ruins

　　成為廢墟 in all directions

　　向四面八方 take pains

　　盡力；刻苦 take turns

　　輪流 考查名詞固定搭配在具體語境中的運用。常見的固定搭配： 動詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 catch sight of突然看見 in the distance在遠處 give a solution 解決 beyond belief難以置信的 have/gain access to 取得……的使用機會 in great demand 需求量很大 take place 發生 beyond recognition 認不出來 動詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 take advantage of利用 out of question毫無疑問 make room for 為……騰出空間 on condition that

　　只要 make contact with 與……取得聯系 on the whole 從整體而言；總的來說 make a compromise 妥協 in possession of 擁有

　　微考場　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　　Ⅰ.單句訓練 1．In the rush hour, there were so many cars and

　　(bus) on the road. 2．More than 300

　　(coach) have been invited to the meeting. 3．He lost all his

　　(key) to the doors, so he had to get them opened by force. 4．They took some

　　(photo) when they visited China. 5．The little boy ate so many

　　(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. potatoes

　　buses

　　coaches

　　keys

　　photos

　　6．There are many interesting

　　(story) in the book. 7．The two

　　(class) are planting trees in the field. 8．It is one of the best

　　(way) to solve the problem. 9．College students are _____________(grown－up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live. 10．The

　　(roof) of these cottages were covered with ____________(leaf)． leaves

　　stories

　　classes

　　ways

　　grown－ups

　　roofs

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._______________ 2．Parents can be very important teacher in our life.________________

　　3．We should take effective measure to solve this problem.___________________ 4．To our surprises, they all felt curious at it.__________________ 5．Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning._____________________ troubles→trouble

　　name→names

　　teacher→teachers

　　measure→measures

　　surprises→surprise

　　Ⅲ.語法填空 It's time to go back to school! Both Chinese and American students are getting ready ____ the first day of school. But they are not _________ (do) it in the same way. Most Chinese __________ (school) start on the same day in September, while US schools don't. Classes can begin any time between August and September. Each school gets to decide ___________ their classes will start. Except for first－year students, every year most Chinese students see the same teachers and classmates. US students, however, see some big ___________ (change)． changes

　　for

　　doing

　　schools

　　when

　　In American high schools, _____________ (subject) are divided into different levels. Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses based on their _____________ (ability) and interests. This means that every year US students go to different classrooms for all of their different classes. Also, students at your age in the US go to school a few __________ (day) early to pick their own schedule. Then they get a big welcome or orientation(迎新會). For first－year students, the first day of school also means they can get ____________ own lockers(儲物柜). Elementary school students in the US have to share lockers with their classmates. But once they make it to junior high, they ________ (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! finally

　　subjects

　　abilities

　　days

　　their

　　語法專題

　　語法提分微點案 考點1　名詞

　　微視角　大領悟

　　微學堂　漲分數

　　微考場　新演練

　　語法填空題對名詞的考查包括根據語境填適當的名詞，特別是固定搭配中的名詞(不給提示詞)和用所給詞的名詞形式填空(給出動詞、形容詞等提示詞)以及給出名詞作提示詞要求對其進行單復數轉換等。 特別說明：本考點主要講解名詞的單復數，有關名詞的詞性轉換將在“考點6詞類轉換”中具體講解，本考點不再贅述。

　　微視角　大領悟 　

　　練知考情　會方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)The Li River is pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting)． 解析：句意：漓江被畫家畫到很多中國畫中。因為該詞由so many修飾，所以這里填名詞的復數形式。 2．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ)For most of us the ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work. 解析：句意：對我們大多數人來說，這種變化是逐漸的，而且需要很多努力和工作。所填詞作主語，其前是定冠詞，所以應為名詞；根據謂語are可知應用復數形式。 changes

　　paintings

　　3．(2024·遼寧卷)Peter: Unbelievable! Oh ..., if you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep ________ (breathe)． 解析：句意：……我要停下來深吸一口氣。take a deep breath “深呼吸”，是固定短語。 breath

　　提示詞為名詞時，分析句子成分后發現詞性不用變，則應填寫所給名詞的復數形式。 1．利用設空前表示數量的many, several, all, both等確定名詞用復數。 2．可數名詞前無冠詞應用復數形式。 3．設空前有one of (the/my等)提示詞，名詞用復數形式。 4．設空處作主語，且謂語動詞是復數形式，則設空處應填名詞復數形式。 1．(2024·新課標卷Ⅰ短文改錯)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 答案與解析：airs→air　air是物質名詞，是不可數名詞，沒有復數形式。 2．(2024·四川卷短文改錯)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here. 答案與解析：friend→friends　friend為可數名詞，根據前面的數詞three可知此處應用復數形式，故將friend改為friends。 3．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯)Mum taught me some basic step of baking. 答案與解析：step→steps　step是可數名詞，前有some修飾，故用復數形式。 4．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯)We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. 答案與解析：time→times　time在此處為可數名詞，意為“次數”，由前面的several可知，此處應用復數形式。 5．(2024·新課標卷Ⅱ短文改錯)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports one hour every day. 答案與解析：第一個hour→hours　one and a half “一個半”修飾復數名詞，故將hour改為hours。 1．可數名詞單復數的錯用 ①有些名詞常以復數形式出現，如trousers, manners(禮貌)等。 ②在指示代詞this, that后用單數名詞，these, those后用復數名詞。 2．可數名詞與不可數名詞的錯用 ①誤把不可數名詞當作可數名詞，如progress(進步), luggage(行李), advice(建議)等，只能用作不可數名詞。 ②有些詞如time可用作可數名詞或不可數名詞，應根據語境判斷。 3．誤把名詞的普通格用作所有格，表示“……的”時應用名詞的所有格。

　　微學堂　漲分數　

　　語法精講　明重點難點　

　　1．一般情況下直接在詞尾加-s變為復數名詞。 2．以-x，-s，-ch，-sh結尾的單數名詞變為復數名詞時，在詞尾加-es，注意stomach→stomachs除外。 3．以-o結尾的有生命的名詞-es，以-o結尾的無生命的名詞以及以-oo結尾的名詞后加-s。如：tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes, radio→radios, zoo→zoos等。 4．以“輔音字母＋-y”結尾的變-y為-i再加-es。 5．以-f/-fe結尾的單詞，把-f/-fe變為-v再加-es。如：wife→wives。但roof→roofs, belief→beliefs除外。 6．名詞復數的不規則變化形式。①改變名詞中的元音字母。如man→men, mouse→mice。child→children除外。②單復數形式相同。如sheep, deer, means (方法)，works (工廠)等。③復合名詞變成復數的情況：將主體名詞變為復數，如：son-in-law→sons-in-law；無主體名詞時，在復合名詞的詞尾加-s，如：grown-up→grown-ups；將兩部分都變為復數，如：woman singer→women singers。 be in high spirits情緒高昂 burst into tears/cheers

　　放聲大哭/大聲喝彩 make preparations for ...

　　為……做準備 make (both) ends meet

　　使收支相抵 in terms of

　　就……而言 in ruins

　　成為廢墟 in all directions

　　向四面八方 take pains

　　盡力；刻苦 take turns

　　輪流 考查名詞固定搭配在具體語境中的運用。常見的固定搭配： 動詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 catch sight of突然看見 in the distance在遠處 give a solution 解決 beyond belief難以置信的 have/gain access to 取得……的使用機會 in great demand 需求量很大 take place 發生 beyond recognition 認不出來 動詞＋名詞 介詞＋名詞 take advantage of利用 out of question毫無疑問 make room for 為……騰出空間 on condition that

　　只要 make contact with 與……取得聯系 on the whole 從整體而言；總的來說 make a compromise 妥協 in possession of 擁有

　　微考場　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　　Ⅰ.單句訓練 1．In the rush hour, there were so many cars and

　　(bus) on the road. 2．More than 300

　　(coach) have been invited to the meeting. 3．He lost all his

　　(key) to the doors, so he had to get them opened by force. 4．They took some

　　(photo) when they visited China. 5．The little boy ate so many

　　(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. potatoes

　　buses

　　coaches

　　keys

　　photos

　　6．There are many interesting

　　(story) in the book. 7．The two

　　(class) are planting trees in the field. 8．It is one of the best

　　(way) to solve the problem. 9．College students are _____________(grown－up) and it's their rights to choose the way to live. 10．The

　　(roof) of these cottages were covered with ____________(leaf)． leaves

　　stories

　　classes

　　ways

　　grown－ups

　　roofs

　　Ⅱ.單句改錯 1．You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics._______________ 2．Parents can be very important teacher in our life.________________

　　3．We should take effective measure to solve this problem.___________________ 4．To our surprises, they all felt curious at it.__________________ 5．Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning._____________________ troubles→trouble

　　name→names

　　teacher→teachers

　　measure→measures

　　surprises→surprise

　　Ⅲ.語法填空 It's time to go back to school! Both Chinese and American students are getting ready ____ the first day of school. But they are not _________ (do) it in the same way. Most Chinese __________ (school) start on the same day in September, while US schools don't. Classes can begin any time between August and September. Each school gets to decide ___________ their classes will start. Except for first－year students, every year most Chinese students see the same teachers and classmates. US students, however, see some big ___________ (change)． changes

　　for

　　doing

　　schools

　　when

　　In American high schools, _____________ (subject) are divided into different levels. Students can choose their favorite teachers and courses based on their _____________ (ability) and interests. This means that every year US students go to different classrooms for all of their different classes. Also, students at your age in the US go to school a few __________ (day) early to pick their own schedule. Then they get a big welcome or orientation(迎新會). For first－year students, the first day of school also means they can get ____________ own lockers(儲物柜). Elementary school students in the US have to share lockers with their classmates. But once they make it to junior high, they ________ (final) have their own place to store bags and coats! finally

　　subjects

　　abilities

　　days

　　their