2024屆高考英語二輪語法強攻課件：虛擬語氣

　　★在“It is / was +形容詞或過去分詞+ that從句”結構的主語從句中，表示命令、愿望、建議等，謂語動詞為“should +動詞原形”，should也可省略。 如： It is necessary that a college student (should) master a foreign language.

　　It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of the staff.

　　★動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現在事實相反時，從句中動詞用過去式；表示與過去事實相反時，從句中動詞用“had +過去分詞”；表示將來很難實現的愿望時，從句中動詞用“would / could / might +動詞原形”。如：

　　How I wish I was there with you.

　　I wish I hadn’t lost the chance.

　　I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.

　　★在would sooner, would rather等后面的賓語從句中動詞要用虛擬語氣。尚未發生的動作用動詞的過去式，已經發生的動作用“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　I would sooner he left on the earlier train.

　　I’d rather you went tomorrow.

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done that. ★表示“建議、命令、要求、堅決做”等動詞（如suggest, demand, require, request, order, insist等）后的賓語從句中謂語常用“（should +）動詞原形”。如：

　　I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.

　　I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.

　　★虛擬語氣還可用在表示愿望、建議、命令、請求等的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語用“should +動詞原形”，should也可省略。如：

　　Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

　　He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back. 2. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法 ★虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法：

　　條件句 從句中謂語的形式 主句中謂語的形式 表示現在情況 動詞過去式（be的過去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動詞原形 條件句 從句中謂語的形式 主句中謂語的形式 表示將來情況 should +動詞原形；were to +動詞原形；動詞過去式（be的過去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動詞原形 表示過去情況 had +過去分詞 should? / would ?/ might? / could + have +過去分詞 ★在錯綜時間虛擬條件句（即主句和從句所指的時間不一致）中，動詞的形式需要根據表示的時間來調整。如：

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

　　If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.

　　If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.

　　★含蓄條件句

　　有時虛擬語氣的條件并不是直接通過條件句來表示，而是用一些詞或短語（如under, with, without, but for等）或上下文暗示來說明。句中的虛擬語氣一般表示過去的情況，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。如： We could have done better under more favourable conditions (= if we had been given more favourable conditions).

　　Without your help (= If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have succeeded.

　　But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier.

　　He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy).

　　3. 虛擬語氣中if的省略 如果條件從句的謂語中有were, had或should等詞，可將if省略，而把這幾個詞放在句首，其意義與帶有if的條件句相同。如： If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way. → Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

　　4.虛擬語氣在其它狀語從句中的用法

　　★在由as if或as though引導的方式狀語中，虛擬語氣的形式為動詞的過去式（be用were）或“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　She is walking slowly as if she were tired. ★在由lest, for fear that, in case等引導的從句中，虛擬語氣的形式為“should +動詞原形”。如：

　　I ran as fast as possible lest I should be too late.

　　★在由in order that, so that或that引導的目的狀語從句中，虛擬語氣的形式為“may / might / could +動詞原形”。如：

　　In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple language.

　　1. 在if條件句中的用法 Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. had had C. have ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had

　　D 2. 特殊用法 Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.?? A. may have ? ? ? ? ? ? B. could have C. must have had ? ? D. might have had

　　由Had they known可知，虛擬條件從句中省略了if，將had提前。從句與過去事實相反，所以主句謂語用“should / would / could / might + have +過去分詞”。

　　D 3. 虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運用 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.

　　A. will do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has done C. do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. did

　　4. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 —Where are the children? The dinner’s

　　going to be completely ruined. —I wish they _____ always late.

　　A. weren’t ? ? ? ? ? ? B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be????? ?? D. wouldn’t have been D A

　　5. 虛擬語氣在as if / though引導的從句中的運用 Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ made of steel.?

　　A. is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. were C. has been ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had been B

　　從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項。 1. We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.?

　　A. would stay???? ????????????? B. has stayed

　　C. stayed???? ???????????? ?????? D. stay C 2. _____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.?

　　A. Did he catch ? ? ? B. Should he catch

　　C. Has he caught????D. Had he caught 3. People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.?

　　A. had thrown

　　B. will be throwing

　　C. were throwing

　　D. would have thrown D D 5. If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　A. were

　　B. had been

　　C. should be??

　　D. was 5. We _____ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.?

　　A. are????????????????????????? B. were

　　C. will be????????????? ????? D. would be B D 6. _____ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.?

　　A. Were there???? ?? B. Had there been

　　C. If there are??? ????D. If there have been 7. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it??

　　A. had done???? ??????????????? B. have done

　　C. did ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. am doing A A 8. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.?

　　A. would have come?????? B. could come

　　C. have come????? ??????????? D. had come A

　　★在“It is / was +形容詞或過去分詞+ that從句”結構的主語從句中，表示命令、愿望、建議等，謂語動詞為“should +動詞原形”，should也可省略。 如： It is necessary that a college student (should) master a foreign language.

　　It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of the staff.

　　★動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現在事實相反時，從句中動詞用過去式；表示與過去事實相反時，從句中動詞用“had +過去分詞”；表示將來很難實現的愿望時，從句中動詞用“would / could / might +動詞原形”。如：

　　How I wish I was there with you.

　　I wish I hadn’t lost the chance.

　　I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.

　　★在would sooner, would rather等后面的賓語從句中動詞要用虛擬語氣。尚未發生的動作用動詞的過去式，已經發生的動作用“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　I would sooner he left on the earlier train.

　　I’d rather you went tomorrow.

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done that. ★表示“建議、命令、要求、堅決做”等動詞（如suggest, demand, require, request, order, insist等）后的賓語從句中謂語常用“（should +）動詞原形”。如：

　　I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.

　　I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.

　　★虛擬語氣還可用在表示愿望、建議、命令、請求等的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語用“should +動詞原形”，should也可省略。如：

　　Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

　　He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back. 2. 虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法 ★虛擬語氣在if條件狀語從句中的用法：

　　條件句 從句中謂語的形式 主句中謂語的形式 表示現在情況 動詞過去式（be的過去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動詞原形 條件句 從句中謂語的形式 主句中謂語的形式 表示將來情況 should +動詞原形；were to +動詞原形；動詞過去式（be的過去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動詞原形 表示過去情況 had +過去分詞 should? / would ?/ might? / could + have +過去分詞 ★在錯綜時間虛擬條件句（即主句和從句所指的時間不一致）中，動詞的形式需要根據表示的時間來調整。如：

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

　　If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.

　　If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.

　　★含蓄條件句

　　有時虛擬語氣的條件并不是直接通過條件句來表示，而是用一些詞或短語（如under, with, without, but for等）或上下文暗示來說明。句中的虛擬語氣一般表示過去的情況，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。如： We could have done better under more favourable conditions (= if we had been given more favourable conditions).

　　Without your help (= If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have succeeded.

　　But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier.

　　He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy).

　　3. 虛擬語氣中if的省略 如果條件從句的謂語中有were, had或should等詞，可將if省略，而把這幾個詞放在句首，其意義與帶有if的條件句相同。如： If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way. → Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

　　4.虛擬語氣在其它狀語從句中的用法

　　★在由as if或as though引導的方式狀語中，虛擬語氣的形式為動詞的過去式（be用were）或“had +過去分詞”。如：

　　She is walking slowly as if she were tired. ★在由lest, for fear that, in case等引導的從句中，虛擬語氣的形式為“should +動詞原形”。如：

　　I ran as fast as possible lest I should be too late.

　　★在由in order that, so that或that引導的目的狀語從句中，虛擬語氣的形式為“may / might / could +動詞原形”。如：

　　In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple language.

　　1. 在if條件句中的用法 Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. had had C. have ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had

　　D 2. 特殊用法 Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.?? A. may have ? ? ? ? ? ? B. could have C. must have had ? ? D. might have had

　　由Had they known可知，虛擬條件從句中省略了if，將had提前。從句與過去事實相反，所以主句謂語用“should / would / could / might + have +過去分詞”。

　　D 3. 虛擬語氣在定語從句中的運用 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.

　　A. will do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has done C. do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. did

　　4. 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用 —Where are the children? The dinner’s

　　going to be completely ruined. —I wish they _____ always late.

　　A. weren’t ? ? ? ? ? ? B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be????? ?? D. wouldn’t have been D A

　　5. 虛擬語氣在as if / though引導的從句中的運用 Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ made of steel.?

　　A. is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. were C. has been ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had been B

　　從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項。 1. We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.?

　　A. would stay???? ????????????? B. has stayed

　　C. stayed???? ???????????? ?????? D. stay C 2. _____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.?

　　A. Did he catch ? ? ? B. Should he catch

　　C. Has he caught????D. Had he caught 3. People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.?

　　A. had thrown

　　B. will be throwing

　　C. were throwing

　　D. would have thrown D D 5. If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　A. were

　　B. had been

　　C. should be??

　　D. was 5. We _____ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.?

　　A. are????????????????????????? B. were

　　C. will be????????????? ????? D. would be B D 6. _____ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.?

　　A. Were there???? ?? B. Had there been

　　C. If there are??? ????D. If there have been 7. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it??

　　A. had done???? ??????????????? B. have done

　　C. did ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. am doing A A 8. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.?

　　A. would have come?????? B. could come

　　C. have come????? ??????????? D. had come A