2024屆高考英語一輪專題突破解題策略課件：3 必修2 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（新人教版）

　　走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第一部分　必修二

　　　 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 專題突破解題策略(三) 必修二 第一部分　基礎知識聚焦 詞義猜測題主要考查考生利用同義或反義關系、構詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解詞義的能力，包括考查生詞詞義和熟詞生義，或是一些短語的引申義或一句話的含義。近幾年，詞義猜測題越來越受到命題者的青睞，近年大部分地區(qū)的高考英語試卷都有詞義猜測題，有的甚至涉及多道，詞義猜測題要求考生在準確理解上下文的基礎上答題，若平時就具有較大的閱讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯，那答題就會更加迅速和準確。 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題 1.利用上下文語境及生活常識猜測 [典例1](2024·四川高考D) ... He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.” And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. ... 44．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Active at night. B．Inactive at night. C．Active during the day. D．Inactive during the day. [解析]　A　本文主要介紹了一項研究調查的結果，由于人類制造的光線問題，越來越多的鳥類如知更鳥在晚上也會唱歌，這極大地影響了鳥的健康。 根據上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being...可知烏鴉和海鷗情況也一樣，也就是說這兩種鳥晚上也唱歌，故選擇A，指晚上很興奮。 [典例2](2024·浙江高考C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to

　　receive us by filling it with light.... 51．What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A．The night. B．The moon. C．The sky. D．The planet. [解析]　A　文章介紹了光污染對于動物和人類的影響，呼吁我們反思我們的行為。對于這種指代的題目，往往答案是最接近它的一個。根據這種原則，能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句話的句意是：但是這是唯一的方法去解釋我們對于夜晚做了什么：我們設計了光，讓光充滿星空。 2．利用構詞法猜測 利用上下文中出現的與該詞相關的同義詞，近義詞，甚至反義詞，以及前綴、后綴，詞根等來推測詞義。 [典例3](2024·陜西高考B) ...My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry's.

　　51．The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．named B．treated C．proved D．described [解析]　C　authentic的意思是“真正的；真實的”，根據構詞法可以推知該詞為authentic的動詞形式，意為“證明……是真實的”，故答案選C項。 3．利用定義，解釋，舉例進行猜測 此類題目會出現類似于：for example, such as, mean, refer to, that is to say, in other words等詞匯或出現破折號、冒號等。 [典例4](2024·江西高考D) ...leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. ...

　　71．The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to ______. A．tools B．messages C．barriers D．skills [解析]　A　根據詞后的“such as mobile phones and iPads”以及整篇文章所談論的話題，可知，gadget的意思是“工具”，故答案是A項。

　　4．根據句子與句子之間的邏輯關系進行猜測 在一個句子或段落中，有時會存在兩個句子之間的轉折，遞進，因果，并列，對比等關系的詞匯：however, but, so, thus, instead of, in contrast, what's more等過渡性詞匯。 [典例5](2024·北京高考C) Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It's trickier than you might think. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.... 64．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．silently B．gradually C．regularly D．completely [解析]　D　該詞出現在文章第三段第四句。前文提到了：你能看到的物體一種是對光線進行了散射；而另外一種是對光線的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的傳播過程中就完全阻止了，因此這里dead是完全的意思。故選D。 [典例6](2024·安徽高考D) ... Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings，I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves.Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky choice. 70．By “move things forward”in the last paragraph，the author probably means“________.” A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural styles D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings [解析]　C　根據下文中的“Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different...”結合畫線部分所在的句子，可知答案選C項。 1.詞義猜測題最常見的方法是代人法，即將選項一一代替畫線部分的內容，判斷哪一選項更適合語境，因此，熟練掌握基礎詞匯尤其重要。 2.正確選項與干擾項的特點如下： (1)正確選項的特點 ①相應詞語的同義詞語。 ②對相應語句的解釋、復述或概括。

　　(2)干擾項的特點 ①對原相應表達方式的不正確改寫。 ②故意丟三落四。 ③半對半錯。 ④曲解原意。 這些干擾項有時會使用較多原句中的表達方式，給人似是而非的誤導，考生要多加注意。 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第一部分　必修二

　　走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第一部分　必修二

　　　 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 專題突破解題策略(三) 必修二 第一部分　基礎知識聚焦 詞義猜測題主要考查考生利用同義或反義關系、構詞法、語法和語篇文脈等理解詞義的能力，包括考查生詞詞義和熟詞生義，或是一些短語的引申義或一句話的含義。近幾年，詞義猜測題越來越受到命題者的青睞，近年大部分地區(qū)的高考英語試卷都有詞義猜測題，有的甚至涉及多道，詞義猜測題要求考生在準確理解上下文的基礎上答題，若平時就具有較大的閱讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯，那答題就會更加迅速和準確。 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題 1.利用上下文語境及生活常識猜測 [典例1](2024·四川高考D) ... He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.” And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. ... 44．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Active at night. B．Inactive at night. C．Active during the day. D．Inactive during the day. [解析]　A　本文主要介紹了一項研究調查的結果，由于人類制造的光線問題，越來越多的鳥類如知更鳥在晚上也會唱歌，這極大地影響了鳥的健康。 根據上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being...可知烏鴉和海鷗情況也一樣，也就是說這兩種鳥晚上也唱歌，故選擇A，指晚上很興奮。 [典例2](2024·浙江高考C) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜間活動的) species on this planet. Instead，we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night: We've engineered it to

　　receive us by filling it with light.... 51．What does “it”(Paragraph 1) most probably refer to? A．The night. B．The moon. C．The sky. D．The planet. [解析]　A　文章介紹了光污染對于動物和人類的影響，呼吁我們反思我們的行為。對于這種指代的題目，往往答案是最接近它的一個。根據這種原則，能得出答案是night 夜晚。最后一句話的句意是：但是這是唯一的方法去解釋我們對于夜晚做了什么：我們設計了光，讓光充滿星空。 2．利用構詞法猜測 利用上下文中出現的與該詞相關的同義詞，近義詞，甚至反義詞，以及前綴、后綴，詞根等來推測詞義。 [典例3](2024·陜西高考B) ...My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghouse, and had written the story there and left the manuscript behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry's.

　　51．The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A．named B．treated C．proved D．described [解析]　C　authentic的意思是“真正的；真實的”，根據構詞法可以推知該詞為authentic的動詞形式，意為“證明……是真實的”，故答案選C項。 3．利用定義，解釋，舉例進行猜測 此類題目會出現類似于：for example, such as, mean, refer to, that is to say, in other words等詞匯或出現破折號、冒號等。 [典例4](2024·江西高考D) ...leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. ...

　　71．The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to ______. A．tools B．messages C．barriers D．skills [解析]　A　根據詞后的“such as mobile phones and iPads”以及整篇文章所談論的話題，可知，gadget的意思是“工具”，故答案是A項。

　　4．根據句子與句子之間的邏輯關系進行猜測 在一個句子或段落中，有時會存在兩個句子之間的轉折，遞進，因果，并列，對比等關系的詞匯：however, but, so, thus, instead of, in contrast, what's more等過渡性詞匯。 [典例5](2024·北京高考C) Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It's trickier than you might think. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.... 64．The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．silently B．gradually C．regularly D．completely [解析]　D　該詞出現在文章第三段第四句。前文提到了：你能看到的物體一種是對光線進行了散射；而另外一種是對光線的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的傳播過程中就完全阻止了，因此這里dead是完全的意思。故選D。 [典例6](2024·安徽高考D) ... Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings，I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward.If we always reproduced what was there before，we would all still be living in caves.Thus，I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different，even though that might be the more risky choice. 70．By “move things forward”in the last paragraph，the author probably means“________.” A．destroy old buildings B．put things in a different place C．choose new architectural styles D．respect people's feelings for historical buildings [解析]　C　根據下文中的“Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different...”結合畫線部分所在的句子，可知答案選C項。 1.詞義猜測題最常見的方法是代人法，即將選項一一代替畫線部分的內容，判斷哪一選項更適合語境，因此，熟練掌握基礎詞匯尤其重要。 2.正確選項與干擾項的特點如下： (1)正確選項的特點 ①相應詞語的同義詞語。 ②對相應語句的解釋、復述或概括。

　　(2)干擾項的特點 ①對原相應表達方式的不正確改寫。 ②故意丟三落四。 ③半對半錯。 ④曲解原意。 這些干擾項有時會使用較多原句中的表達方式，給人似是而非的誤導，考生要多加注意。 走向高考 · 高考總復習 · 人教版 · 英語

　　　第一部分　必修二