2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)課件：7 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（新人教版）

　　走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語(yǔ)

　　　第二部分

　　語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語(yǔ) 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專(zhuān)題七　虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第二部分 知 識(shí) 清 單 2 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 3 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 1 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查是語(yǔ)法填空題中必考點(diǎn)之一，一旦判定設(shè)空處要填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就應(yīng)考慮到該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，主謂一致等，這就涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在近年廣東高考中有一個(gè)小題涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣： He walked in as if he________(buy)the school. 此空在主格人稱(chēng)代詞he后，顯然是作謂語(yǔ)；又因作為一個(gè)學(xué)生的他不可能是買(mǎi)下了這個(gè)學(xué)校，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故填had bought。虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)在高考寫(xiě)作中也會(huì)用到。如2009年高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)要點(diǎn)(2)“假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境，你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)”，寫(xiě)這個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí)就需要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣。可以這樣開(kāi)頭： If I were an animal in the wildlife park，I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. 如果我是野生動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物，當(dāng)人們不停地同我拍照時(shí)，我會(huì)感到惱怒。 知 識(shí) 清 單 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用 從句 主句 典句例示 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were) 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/ might＋動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 從句 主句 典句例示 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 1.If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 2．If＋主語(yǔ)＋were to＋動(dòng)詞原形 3．If＋主語(yǔ)＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/ might＋動(dòng)詞原形 If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 1．用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 (1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥(niǎo)能在天空自由飛翔。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天見(jiàn)到那個(gè)影星了。 How I wish it weren't raining now! 我多希望現(xiàn)在沒(méi)下雨啊！

　　(2)用于if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)從句。如： If only I were a flying bird! ＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥(niǎo)該多好啊！

　　If only I had seen the film! ＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影該多好啊！ (3)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，recommend，urge，propose，advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested that we(should) start off early the next day. 他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)兒出發(fā)。 They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 他們堅(jiān)決主張那個(gè)男孩子跟他們一起去。 注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)。 2．用于主語(yǔ)從句中。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/ important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： It is suggested that the meeting(should)

　　be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。 It is strange that he(should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is之前發(fā)生，所以要用should have acted，should可以省略) 真奇怪他竟然那樣對(duì)他父母。 3．用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： My idea is that we(should) think it over before accepting it. 我的觀點(diǎn)是在接受之前我們要反復(fù)考慮。 We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)

　　go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。

　　三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用 如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

　　He looks as if he were an artist.(同時(shí)) 他看起來(lái)像個(gè)藝術(shù)家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語(yǔ)如此流利，好像她在美國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后于) 他如此努力地學(xué)英語(yǔ)，好像他要去美國(guó)。 四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 It is (high) time (that)．..句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，或用should＋動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……了”，用來(lái)表示提議。如： It is(high) time that you went to school. 你該去上學(xué)了。 It is (high) time that we should start out. 我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如： If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽(tīng)了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。 2．if省略句的應(yīng)用。 在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如： If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. 如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。 If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你來(lái)得早些，你就能趕上公共汽車(chē)。

　　If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當(dāng)省略的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如：可以說(shuō)：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說(shuō)：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．含蓄條件句的應(yīng)用。 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如： What would you do with one million dollars(＝if you had one million dollars)? 如果你有100萬(wàn)美元，你會(huì)做什么？ Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. ＝But for your help...＝If it had not been for your help... ＝Had it not been for your help，... 沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。 I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞) 那天我病了。否則，我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞) 他打電話通知了我你的生日，否則，我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)兒都不知道。 走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語(yǔ)

　　　第二部分

　　語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)

　　走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語(yǔ)

　　　第二部分

　　語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語(yǔ) 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專(zhuān)題七　虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第二部分 知 識(shí) 清 單 2 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 3 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 1 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查是語(yǔ)法填空題中必考點(diǎn)之一，一旦判定設(shè)空處要填入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就應(yīng)考慮到該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，語(yǔ)氣，主謂一致等，這就涉及到虛擬語(yǔ)氣，在近年廣東高考中有一個(gè)小題涉及虛擬語(yǔ)氣： He walked in as if he________(buy)the school. 此空在主格人稱(chēng)代詞he后，顯然是作謂語(yǔ)；又因作為一個(gè)學(xué)生的他不可能是買(mǎi)下了這個(gè)學(xué)校，故應(yīng)當(dāng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故填had bought。虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)在高考寫(xiě)作中也會(huì)用到。如2009年高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)要點(diǎn)(2)“假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境，你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)”，寫(xiě)這個(gè)要點(diǎn)時(shí)就需要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣。可以這樣開(kāi)頭： If I were an animal in the wildlife park，I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. 如果我是野生動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物，當(dāng)人們不停地同我拍照時(shí)，我會(huì)感到惱怒。 知 識(shí) 清 單 一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的運(yùn)用 從句 主句 典句例示 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were) 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/ might＋動(dòng)詞原形 If I were you，I would seize the chance to go abroad. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) If＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞 If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 從句 主句 典句例示 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 1.If＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 2．If＋主語(yǔ)＋were to＋動(dòng)詞原形 3．If＋主語(yǔ)＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形 主語(yǔ)＋should/ would/could/ might＋動(dòng)詞原形 If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 1．用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 (1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鳥(niǎo)能在天空自由飛翔。 I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday. 我希望昨天見(jiàn)到那個(gè)影星了。 How I wish it weren't raining now! 我多希望現(xiàn)在沒(méi)下雨啊！

　　(2)用于if only＋句子＝How I wish＋(that)從句。如： If only I were a flying bird! ＝How I wish I were a flying bird! 我要是一只飛鳥(niǎo)該多好啊！

　　If only I had seen the film! ＝How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看了那部電影該多好啊！ (3)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，recommend，urge，propose，advise等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested that we(should) start off early the next day. 他建議我們第二天早點(diǎn)兒出發(fā)。 They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 他們堅(jiān)決主張那個(gè)男孩子跟他們一起去。 注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，應(yīng)使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)。 2．用于主語(yǔ)從句中。 It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/ important/strange/natural/essential＋that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： It is suggested that the meeting(should)

　　be put off till next week.人們建議會(huì)議推遲到下周。 It is strange that he(should) have acted toward his parents like that.(act在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is之前發(fā)生，所以要用should have acted，should可以省略) 真奇怪他竟然那樣對(duì)他父母。 3．用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中。 在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。如： My idea is that we(should) think it over before accepting it. 我的觀點(diǎn)是在接受之前我們要反復(fù)考慮。 We all agree to his suggestion that we (should)

　　go to Dalian for sightseeing. 我們都同意他讓我們?nèi)ゴ筮B旅游的建議。

　　三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用 如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作后于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如：

　　He looks as if he were an artist.(同時(shí)) 他看起來(lái)像個(gè)藝術(shù)家。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于) 她講英語(yǔ)如此流利，好像她在美國(guó)學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ)。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后于) 他如此努力地學(xué)英語(yǔ)，好像他要去美國(guó)。 四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 It is (high) time (that)．..句型中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，或用should＋動(dòng)詞原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該……了”，用來(lái)表示提議。如： It is(high) time that you went to school. 你該去上學(xué)了。 It is (high) time that we should start out. 我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”。動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如： If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now. 如果你剛才聽(tīng)了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。 2．if省略句的應(yīng)用。 在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。如： If I were at school again，I would study harder. →Were I at school again，I would study harder. 如果我還有上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。 If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus. →Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus. 如果你來(lái)得早些，你就能趕上公共汽車(chē)。

　　If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的話，我們就不去登山了。 注意：當(dāng)省略的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí)，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如：可以說(shuō)：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.但不能說(shuō)：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now. 3．含蓄條件句的應(yīng)用。 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。如： What would you do with one million dollars(＝if you had one million dollars)? 如果你有100萬(wàn)美元，你會(huì)做什么？ Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time. ＝But for your help...＝If it had not been for your help... ＝Had it not been for your help，... 沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。 I was ill that day. Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞) 那天我病了。否則，我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。 He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(連詞) 他打電話通知了我你的生日，否則，我對(duì)此一點(diǎn)兒都不知道。 走向高考 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) · 人教版 · 英語(yǔ)

　　　第二部分

　　語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)