2024屆高考英語（新課標全國卷Ⅰ）二輪復習課件：專題5 定語從句

　　欄目導引 專題強 化訓練 專題5　定語從句 2024高考導航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 專題5　定語從句 考查點 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢 定語從句 全國卷Ⅰ64題[關系代詞that/which] 全國卷Ⅰ67題[關系代詞that/which] 未考 高考對定語從句的考查集中在關系代詞(that，which，who)及關系副詞(when，where)的選用上,且在語篇型語法填空中的考查形式為無提示型。 1．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項填空，改編)Some experts think

　　reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school

　　education depends. 2．(2024·高考四川卷，單項填空，改編)The books on the

　　desk，____________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3．(2024·泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of

　　teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others. 考點一　關系代詞引導的定語從句 which whose who/that 4．(2024·河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，____________was

　　just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5．(2024·濟寧模擬)____________is expected，the air quality

　　in the city has improved in the past two months. which As 1．which指物，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以 省略。 2．that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語 時可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。 3.限制性定語從句中,關系代詞只用that不用which的情況： (1)先行詞為不定代詞all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代詞修飾時。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進行的指責。 (2)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。 (3)先行詞被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修飾時。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.這頓飯只有甜點是我愛吃的。 (4)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠不會忘記在他們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人 和事。 4．關系詞只用which而不用that的情況：(一句話口訣：介詞后、逗號后不可用that) (1)引導非限制性定語從句時。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T－shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末來時只穿著短褲和一件T恤，這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點傻。 (2)當從句中的介詞提前，構成“介詞＋關系代詞”結構時。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個信息比以前更容易獲得的時代。 5．who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導限制性定語從句時常可用that替換。作主語時，who/that不可省略；作賓語時，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結識的同校同學成了好朋友。 6．whose的用法 whose表所屬關系，既可指人也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時相當于of which；指人時相當于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.　 這家校內商店的主要顧客是學生，放假時商店關門。 7．as也可以引導非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個句子，可放在主句之前。常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such...as...，the same...as...等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我們車間使用的機器是中國制造的。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相。” 單句語法填空 1．(2024·河北邢臺高三摸底考試)Officer：I’m afraid I

　　can’t do that，Madam.In school zones，I’m required to

　　give tickets to all drivers____________break the rules.It’s the law in this county.

　　2．(2024·煙臺模擬)Those____________want to go to the

　　museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. who/that who 3.I’m glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_______ consideration our project would have ended in failure.

　　4．____________is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. whose As 1．(2024·滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day__________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a

　　smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your

　　basket is free.”

　　2．Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city___________ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a

　　house from which he could get to his office in the city early

　　every day. 考點二　關系副詞引導的定語從句 when where 3．(2024·江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons ____________they are arresting him and tell him his rights

　　under the law. 4．(2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)As the

　　smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the

　　time____________he should be able to be independent. why when 1．where表地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“介詞in/at/on...＋which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時借傘給你，到了下雨時就催你還回去的 地方。 2．當先行詞為situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導詞在定語從句中表示事情發生的情況、階段等時，常用關系副詞where引導。 (2024·高考浙江卷，單項填空，改編)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.創造出讓員工感覺到自己就是團隊一員的一種氛圍是極大的挑戰。 3．why表原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞for＋which”結構。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？ 特別注意 在非限制性定語從句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。 4．when表時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“介詞in/at/on/during...＋which”結構。 (2024·高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待著那一天的到來，那時我女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)Opposite is St.Paul’s

　　Church，____________you can hear some lovely music.

　　2．(2024·湖南懷化一模)Almost every teenager will experience

　　a period in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents. 3．(2024·山師大附中模擬)It would have turned into another

　　one of those moments____________the thought of sending a

　　card crossed my mind but never actually happened. where when when 技法1　識別定語從句、并列句 在英語中，有許多從句，如主語從句、同位語從句以及強調句型與定語從句有許多相似之處。因此，命題人會利用這些相似性，設置一個特定語境，來考查考生對這些易混點的辨析能力。遇到這樣的問題，我們的思路就是：抓住它們各自的特征，結合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型或從句。

　　(2024·泰安檢測)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of____________looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of____________jumped the queue. 【解析】　此題考查定語從句和并列句的區別。第一空為定語從句修飾先行詞people，第二空由but可知為并列句應用them。句意：許多人都在公共汽車站等，一些人看起來很焦慮又很失望，但是沒有一個人插隊。 whom them 技法2　分析先行詞，確定引導詞 首先確定先行詞，然后分析引導詞在從句中充當什么成分：作主語、賓語、表語用關系代詞which/that/who/whom/as；作定語用whose；作狀語則用關系副詞when/where/why；作介詞賓語則用關系代詞which/whom。 另外，考生應考慮特殊情況：只用that的情況、只用which的情況、as引導的定語從句等。

　　(2024·高考福建卷，單項填空，改編)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_________ lives were affected. 【解析】　句意：這本書從經歷過地震的人的角度來講述地震的故事。主句結構完整，先行詞those，引導詞代替先行詞在從句中修飾名詞lives，作定語，因此用whose。

　　whose

　　(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節選)I’d skipped

　　nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the

　　limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese

　　paintings. 【解析】　句意：我曾與桂林擦身而過，那是游客盡覽石灰巖群峰和漓江綠水的夢幻之境，是被中國藝術家在很多繪畫作品中描繪的地方。設空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引導詞在從句中作主語，故填關系代詞that或which。 that/which 欄目導引 專題強 化訓練 專題5　定語從句

　　欄目導引 專題強 化訓練 專題5　定語從句 2024高考導航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 專題5　定語從句 考查點 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢 定語從句 全國卷Ⅰ64題[關系代詞that/which] 全國卷Ⅰ67題[關系代詞that/which] 未考 高考對定語從句的考查集中在關系代詞(that，which，who)及關系副詞(when，where)的選用上,且在語篇型語法填空中的考查形式為無提示型。 1．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項填空，改編)Some experts think

　　reading is the fundamental skill upon ____________ school

　　education depends. 2．(2024·高考四川卷，單項填空，改編)The books on the

　　desk，____________covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 3．(2024·泰安二模)The work camp was mainly made up of

　　teenagers____________had given up part of their summer vacation to help others. 考點一　關系代詞引導的定語從句 which whose who/that 4．(2024·河北保定二模)However，he had no other choice， though.First Jack was to draft the speech，____________was

　　just a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. 5．(2024·濟寧模擬)____________is expected，the air quality

　　in the city has improved in the past two months. which As 1．which指物，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語時可以 省略。 2．that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語或賓語，作賓語 時可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。 3.限制性定語從句中,關系代詞只用that不用which的情況： (1)先行詞為不定代詞all，anything，nothing，something，everything,nothing,none，the one等或被不定代詞修飾時。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒絕接受因別人的錯誤而對我進行的指責。 (2)先行詞是形容詞最高級或序數詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他們在桂林參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。 (3)先行詞被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修飾時。 The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.這頓飯只有甜點是我愛吃的。 (4)先行詞既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時。 They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他們將永遠不會忘記在他們的長途旅行中見到或聽說過的人 和事。 4．關系詞只用which而不用that的情況：(一句話口訣：介詞后、逗號后不可用that) (1)引導非限制性定語從句時。 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T－shirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather. 特德周末來時只穿著短褲和一件T恤，這種天氣穿這樣的衣服有點傻。 (2)當從句中的介詞提前，構成“介詞＋關系代詞”結構時。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我們生活在一個信息比以前更容易獲得的時代。 5．who，whom的用法 who或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語或賓語，whom在從句中作賓語；兩者在引導限制性定語從句時常可用that替換。作主語時，who/that不可省略；作賓語時，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我與好幾位去年在英語演講比賽中結識的同校同學成了好朋友。 6．whose的用法 whose表所屬關系，既可指人也可指物，在從句中作定語。指物時相當于of which；指人時相當于of whom。 The school shop, whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.　 這家校內商店的主要顧客是學生，放假時商店關門。 7．as也可以引導非限制性定語從句，定語從句說明整個句子，可放在主句之前。常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above，as is already mentioned above，as often happens，as is often the case，as is reported in the newspaper，such...as...，the same...as...等。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我們車間使用的機器是中國制造的。 “You can’t judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相。” 單句語法填空 1．(2024·河北邢臺高三摸底考試)Officer：I’m afraid I

　　can’t do that，Madam.In school zones，I’m required to

　　give tickets to all drivers____________break the rules.It’s the law in this county.

　　2．(2024·煙臺模擬)Those____________want to go to the

　　museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. who/that who 3.I’m glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you，without_______ consideration our project would have ended in failure.

　　4．____________is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. whose As 1．(2024·滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day__________ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a

　　smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day.Everything in your

　　basket is free.”

　　2．Mr.Brown was tired of living in the big city___________ he worked.He wanted to move to the country and live in a

　　house from which he could get to his office in the city early

　　every day. 考點二　關系副詞引導的定語從句 when where 3．(2024·江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons ____________they are arresting him and tell him his rights

　　under the law. 4．(2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)As the

　　smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the

　　time____________he should be able to be independent. why when 1．where表地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“介詞in/at/on...＋which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 銀行是在天晴之時借傘給你，到了下雨時就催你還回去的 地方。 2．當先行詞為situation，case，stage，point，atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導詞在定語從句中表示事情發生的情況、階段等時，常用關系副詞where引導。 (2024·高考浙江卷，單項填空，改編)Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.創造出讓員工感覺到自己就是團隊一員的一種氛圍是極大的挑戰。 3．why表原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞for＋which”結構。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting? 你知道他沒參加會議的原因嗎？ 特別注意 在非限制性定語從句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。 I had told them the reason，for which I didn’t attend the meeting. 我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒有去開會。 4．when表時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“介詞in/at/on/during...＋which”結構。 (2024·高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期待著那一天的到來，那時我女兒可以讀這本書并且了解我對她的感情。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)Opposite is St.Paul’s

　　Church，____________you can hear some lovely music.

　　2．(2024·湖南懷化一模)Almost every teenager will experience

　　a period in their life____________they aren’t content with their parents. 3．(2024·山師大附中模擬)It would have turned into another

　　one of those moments____________the thought of sending a

　　card crossed my mind but never actually happened. where when when 技法1　識別定語從句、并列句 在英語中，有許多從句，如主語從句、同位語從句以及強調句型與定語從句有許多相似之處。因此，命題人會利用這些相似性，設置一個特定語境，來考查考生對這些易混點的辨析能力。遇到這樣的問題，我們的思路就是：抓住它們各自的特征，結合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型或從句。

　　(2024·泰安檢測)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，some of____________looked very anxious and disappointed，but none of____________jumped the queue. 【解析】　此題考查定語從句和并列句的區別。第一空為定語從句修飾先行詞people，第二空由but可知為并列句應用them。句意：許多人都在公共汽車站等，一些人看起來很焦慮又很失望，但是沒有一個人插隊。 whom them 技法2　分析先行詞，確定引導詞 首先確定先行詞，然后分析引導詞在從句中充當什么成分：作主語、賓語、表語用關系代詞which/that/who/whom/as；作定語用whose；作狀語則用關系副詞when/where/why；作介詞賓語則用關系代詞which/whom。 另外，考生應考慮特殊情況：只用that的情況、只用which的情況、as引導的定語從句等。

　　(2024·高考福建卷，單項填空，改編)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_________ lives were affected. 【解析】　句意：這本書從經歷過地震的人的角度來講述地震的故事。主句結構完整，先行詞those，引導詞代替先行詞在從句中修飾名詞lives，作定語，因此用whose。

　　whose

　　(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節選)I’d skipped

　　nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the

　　limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ____________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese

　　paintings. 【解析】　句意：我曾與桂林擦身而過，那是游客盡覽石灰巖群峰和漓江綠水的夢幻之境，是被中國藝術家在很多繪畫作品中描繪的地方。設空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，且引導詞在從句中作主語，故填關系代詞that或which。 that/which 欄目導引 專題強 化訓練 專題5　定語從句