2024高考英語一輪語法對點講練：6 名詞和主謂一致
語法對點講練六 名詞和主謂一致
一、名詞
知識點講解
1．名詞的幾個注意事項
①有兩種復數形式的名詞。
people
fish
penny
②只表示復數意義的集體名詞。
people人，人們
police警察
cattle牛
③側重成員時表示復數意義，側重整體時表示單數意義的集體名詞。
class班級
family家庭
team隊
public大眾
army軍隊
government政府
④常以復數形式出現的名詞。
clothes衣服
glasses眼鏡
chopsticks筷子
trousers褲子
goods商品；貨物
contents目錄
sands沙灘
woods森林；樹林
times時代
lines臺詞
surroundings環境
belongings財產
earnings收入
arms武器
manners禮貌
customs海關；關稅
forces軍隊
papers文件；試卷；論文
⑤of前的名詞是picture, photo, portrait, statue等時用of所有格和雙重所有格意義有區別。
⑥常以復數形式出現的名詞作定語時用復數； man和woman作定語時，其單復數根據被修飾詞的單復數變化。
sports meeting運動會
sales manager銷售經理
men doctors男醫生
women teachers女教師
2．高考?？嫉拿~方向
⑦名詞在語法填空中會考到名詞的數、所有格以及名詞的構詞法。
⑧短文改錯題?？疾槊~的數和名詞所有格。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑧)
第一組 單項填空
1．(2024·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
答案 __B__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：隨著世界人口的持續增長，食物供應成了越來越擔心的事。supply“供給”，符合句意。
2．(2024·江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share
B. chance
C. turn
D. lead
答案 __C__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 share“分享”； chance“機會”； turn“變化；轉變”； lead“榜樣；帶頭”，根據題意選C項。
第二組 語法填空
3．(2024·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．
答案 patience 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：無論什么時候我犯錯誤，老師都耐心地指出來。patience是patient的名詞形式，意為“耐心”，與with搭配。
4．— Do you know why Jane was so angry?
— Her roommate gave in to ________ (curious) and opened the letter addressed to her.
答案 curiosity 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：——你知道簡為什么那么生氣嗎？——她的室友抑制不住好奇心，拆開了別人寫給她的信。curiosity“好奇心”，符合語境。
5．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ________ (equip) you need for your hiking.
答案 equipment 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包是你徒步旅行需要的基本的裝備。equipment“裝備；配備”。
二、語法一致
知識點講解
?、僦髡Z是可數名詞時，謂語動詞的數與主語的數相一致。
?、赼nd連接兩個或以上單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
?、壑肝锏牟欢ù~作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
?、堋皌he number of ...”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數； “a number of ...”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
⑤“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與表計量單位的名詞一致。
Five pieces of paper are painted red.
A pair of jeans costs 80 dollars.
?、辪any a, more than one接單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
?、哧P系代詞作主語，定語從句中謂語動詞的數取決于先行詞。
特別提示
?、唷皌he only one of＋復數名詞＋定語從句”結構中，定語從句謂語動詞用單數。
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
⑨“one of＋復數名詞＋定語從句”結構中，定語從句謂語動詞用復數。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
?、庵髡Z后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短語時，謂語動詞的數與短語前名詞的數保持一致。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑩)
第一組 單項填空
1．(2024·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
答案 __B__ 知識點 __⑩__
解析 根據句子的主語the famous musician可排除A、C兩項；根據the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo可排除選項D，故答案為B項。
2．(2024·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
答案 __A__ 知識點 __①，⑦__
解析 第一個空主語為living expenses指復數概念，所以第一個空填are；第二個空which指代around $8,450 a year，所以第二個空填is。
第二組 語法填空
3．— Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to the bank account ...
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks.
答案 has_been_cheated 知識點 __⑥__
解析 many a＋單數可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。根據語境，強調很多人被騙這一結果，用現在完成時態。
4．The number of foreigners that came to Huaihua ________
(be) still increasing.
答案 is 知識點 __④__
解析 The number of foreigners意思是“外籍人士的數目”，為單數，故謂語動詞用is。
5．Is he the only one of the students who ________ (be) here just now?
答案 was 知識點 __⑧__
解析 句意：他是唯一一個剛才在這里的學生嗎？先行詞為the only one of the students，是單數概念，關系代詞who在定語從句中作主語，定語從句謂語動詞用單數，根據從句中的時間狀語“just now”可知，從句應用一般過去時。
6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案 was 知識點 __⑩__
解析 句意：因有出色的表現，籃球賽一結束，這位籃球教練以及他的隊員就被采訪了。主語中心詞是the basketball coach，是單數，根據句意使用一般過去時。
三、意義一致
知識點講解
①表示時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
2,500 miles is a long distance.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
②分數，百分數，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主語時，謂語動詞的數根據of后的名詞決定。
特別提示
?、踖ach, one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/thing作主語或限定主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Each of us has a book.
?、躤ach, all, both用作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。
We each have a book.
⑤“the＋形容詞”表示一類人/物時，謂語動詞用復數；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數。
The rich are not always happy.
The beautiful is loved by all.
?、蕻攚hat引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞取決于主語從句指代的意義。
What we have are only two houses.
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
?、卟豢蓴得~、不定式、動名詞以及從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Swimming in the sea is great fun.
?、鄁amily, team, group, government等集體名詞若看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數；若側重其成員，謂語動詞用復數。
Our team wins first in the game.
My family are going on a trip this summer.
?、醦eople, cattle, police等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
?、饪梢员硎久褡?，又可以表示語言的名詞如Chinese，表示語言時，謂語動詞用單數；表示民族時，謂語動詞用復數。
Chinese is difficult to learn.
Chinese are a hard-working people.
population表示人口時，謂語動詞用單數；當其前有分數、百分數修飾時，表示全體居民，這時謂語動詞用復數。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
A third of the population now smoke in this country.
news, maths, plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～)
第一組 單項填空
1．Sitting at the back of the room ________ a very shy girl with two bright eyes, who was very sad about her marks.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. was
答案 __D__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：一個有著一雙明亮眼睛的很害羞的女孩坐在教室的后排，她為自己的分數感到很難過。主句中主語為a very shy girl，謂語動詞用單數，由從句中的“was”可知主句也應用一般過去時，故選D項。
2．— The discussion is over. ________ everyone ready now?
— Yes, each of us ________ something to say.
A. Is; has
B. Is; have
C. Are; has
D. Are; have
答案 __A__ 知識點 __③__
解析 句意：——討論結束了?，F在大家都準備好了嗎？——是的，我們每個人都有話要說。第一空，主語為everyone，謂語動詞用單數；第二空，主語為each of us，謂語動詞用單數。
3．When what is perfect ________， everything imperfect will pass away.
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
答案 __C__ 知識點 __⑥__
解析 句意：當完美來臨時，那些不完美的便會消逝。名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；由句意可知，此處應用一般現在時，故選C項。
4．There are so many books in his study, about one third of which ________ worth reading.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案 __C__ 知識點 __②__
解析 句意：他的書房里有很多書，其中大約三分之一值得讀?！胺謹担玱f＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數與of后名詞的數保持一致，關系代詞which指代先行詞books，結合句意可知，空處用一般現在時，故選C項。
第二組 語法填空
5．— Some of the students ________ (be) sent to hospital after the three-kilometre race yesterday.
— Unbelievable! Three kilometres ________ (be) not very long.
答案 were;_is 知識點 __②，①__
解析 句意：——昨天一些學生在跑完三千米后被送到了醫院。——不可思議！三千米并不太長。第一空， some of the students作主語，謂語動詞用復數；第二空， three kilometres作主語，當作一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數；第一空用一般過去時，第二空用一般現在時。
6．All the scientific evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
答案 shows;_is 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：所有的科學證據都表明：農業方面越來越多的使用化學物質正在損害著我們的健康。evidence為不可數名詞，謂語動詞用shows，賓語從句中用動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用is。
7．Part of the family ________ (be) out on holiday.They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.
答案 are 知識點 __⑧__
解析 family指家庭整體時表單數，指家庭成員時指復數，part可指單數也可指復數，不難理解題干中的part of the family是復數概念。從題干第二個句子的意思可知，第一個句子的意思是“部分家庭成員現在正度假”，應使用一般現在時。
8．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the character of the children.
答案 has 知識點 __⑦__
解析 how close parents are to their children是主語從句，從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
四、鄰近一致及主謂一致的特殊情況
知識點講解
1．鄰近一致
?、儆蒾r, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數要與最靠近的主語的單復數一致。
Was he or you able to persuade her?
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
?、谠诘寡b句及there be, here be句型中，若有幾個并列成分作主語，謂語動詞的數要與最靠近的一個主語一致。
On the wall hang some pictures.
There is a desk and some chairs in the room.
There are some chairs and a desk in the room.
2．主謂一致的特殊情況
?、踑nd連接并列主語如果是指同一個人或物，謂語動詞用單數。
The teacher and singer is a young lady.
?、躠nd連接的并列主語是單數概念，且前面有every, each, no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
