2024高考英語一輪語法對點講練：6 名詞和主謂一致
語法對點講練六 名詞和主謂一致
一、名詞
知識點講解
1．名詞的幾個注意事項
①有兩種復數形式的名詞。
people
fish
penny
②只表示復數意義的集體名詞。
people人，人們
police警察
cattle牛
③側重成員時表示復數意義，側重整體時表示單數意義的集體名詞。
class班級
family家庭
team隊
public大眾
army軍隊
government政府
④常以復數形式出現的名詞。
clothes衣服
glasses眼鏡
chopsticks筷子
trousers褲子
goods商品；貨物
contents目錄
sands沙灘
woods森林；樹林
times時代
lines臺詞
surroundings環境
belongings財產
earnings收入
arms武器
manners禮貌
customs海關；關稅
forces軍隊
papers文件；試卷；論文
⑤of前的名詞是picture, photo, portrait, statue等時用of所有格和雙重所有格意義有區別。
⑥常以復數形式出現的名詞作定語時用復數； man和woman作定語時，其單復數根據被修飾詞的單復數變化。
sports meeting運動會
sales manager銷售經理
men doctors男醫生
women teachers女教師
2．高考常考的名詞方向
⑦名詞在語法填空中會考到名詞的數、所有格以及名詞的構詞法。
⑧短文改錯題常考查名詞的數和名詞所有格。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑧)
第一組 單項填空
1．(2024·浙江卷)As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
答案 __B__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：隨著世界人口的持續增長，食物供應成了越來越擔心的事。supply“供給”，符合句意。
2．(2024·江蘇卷)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a ________ for the better.
A. share
B. chance
C. turn
D. lead
答案 __C__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 share“分享”； chance“機會”； turn“變化；轉變”； lead“榜樣；帶頭”，根據題意選C項。
第二組 語法填空
3．(2024·江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________ (patient)．
答案 patience 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：無論什么時候我犯錯誤，老師都耐心地指出來。patience是patient的名詞形式，意為“耐心”，與with搭配。
4．— Do you know why Jane was so angry?
— Her roommate gave in to ________ (curious) and opened the letter addressed to her.
答案 curiosity 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：——你知道簡為什么那么生氣嗎？——她的室友抑制不住好奇心，拆開了別人寫給她的信。curiosity“好奇心”，符合語境。
5．Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic ________ (equip) you need for your hiking.
答案 equipment 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：好的鞋、衣服和背包是你徒步旅行需要的基本的裝備。equipment“裝備；配備”。
二、語法一致
知識點講解
①主語是可數名詞時，謂語動詞的數與主語的數相一致。
②and連接兩個或以上單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
③指物的不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
④“the number of ...”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數； “a number of ...”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
⑤“a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與表計量單位的名詞一致。
Five pieces of paper are painted red.
A pair of jeans costs 80 dollars.
⑥many a, more than one接單數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
⑦關系代詞作主語，定語從句中謂語動詞的數取決于先行詞。
特別提示
⑧“the only one of＋復數名詞＋定語從句”結構中，定語從句謂語動詞用單數。
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
⑨“one of＋復數名詞＋定語從句”結構中，定語從句謂語動詞用復數。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
⑩主語后有with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, rather than等短語時，謂語動詞的數與短語前名詞的數保持一致。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～⑩)
第一組 單項填空
1．(2024·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited
B. was invited
C. have been invited
D. has been invited
答案 __B__ 知識點 __⑩__
解析 根據句子的主語the famous musician可排除A、C兩項；根據the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo可排除選項D，故答案為B項。
2．(2024·湖南卷)The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. is; is
答案 __A__ 知識點 __①，⑦__
解析 第一個空主語為living expenses指復數概念，所以第一個空填are；第二個空which指代around $8,450 a year，所以第二個空填is。
第二組 語法填空
3．— Hey! Here is a message on my cell phone, telling me to send money to the bank account ...
— Delete it! It's a trick. Many a person ________ (cheat) by such tricks.
答案 has_been_cheated 知識點 __⑥__
解析 many a＋單數可數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。根據語境，強調很多人被騙這一結果，用現在完成時態。
4．The number of foreigners that came to Huaihua ________
(be) still increasing.
答案 is 知識點 __④__
解析 The number of foreigners意思是“外籍人士的數目”，為單數，故謂語動詞用is。
5．Is he the only one of the students who ________ (be) here just now?
答案 was 知識點 __⑧__
解析 句意：他是唯一一個剛才在這里的學生嗎？先行詞為the only one of the students，是單數概念，關系代詞who在定語從句中作主語，定語從句謂語動詞用單數，根據從句中的時間狀語“just now”可知，從句應用一般過去時。
6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, ________ (be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
答案 was 知識點 __⑩__
解析 句意：因有出色的表現，籃球賽一結束，這位籃球教練以及他的隊員就被采訪了。主語中心詞是the basketball coach，是單數，根據句意使用一般過去時。
三、意義一致
知識點講解
①表示時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
2,500 miles is a long distance.
Two hours is too short for the visit.
②分數，百分數，all, some, most, the rest, the remaining, part of等作主語時，謂語動詞的數根據of后的名詞決定。
特別提示
③each, one, no one, some/any/no/everybody/thing作主語或限定主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Each of us has a book.
④each, all, both用作同位語時，謂語動詞與主語保持一致。
We each have a book.
⑤“the＋形容詞”表示一類人/物時，謂語動詞用復數；表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數。
The rich are not always happy.
The beautiful is loved by all.
⑥當what引導的從句作主語時，謂語動詞取決于主語從句指代的意義。
What we have are only two houses.
What is interesting is that the other largest city was Rome.
⑦不可數名詞、不定式、動名詞以及從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Swimming in the sea is great fun.
⑧family, team, group, government等集體名詞若看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數；若側重其成員，謂語動詞用復數。
Our team wins first in the game.
My family are going on a trip this summer.
⑨people, cattle, police等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
⑩可以表示民族，又可以表示語言的名詞如Chinese，表示語言時，謂語動詞用單數；表示民族時，謂語動詞用復數。
Chinese is difficult to learn.
Chinese are a hard-working people.
population表示人口時，謂語動詞用單數；當其前有分數、百分數修飾時，表示全體居民，這時謂語動詞用復數。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
A third of the population now smoke in this country.
news, maths, plastics等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
對點訓練
完成下列小題，并指出考查上述哪個知識點(①～)
第一組 單項填空
1．Sitting at the back of the room ________ a very shy girl with two bright eyes, who was very sad about her marks.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. was
答案 __D__ 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：一個有著一雙明亮眼睛的很害羞的女孩坐在教室的后排，她為自己的分數感到很難過。主句中主語為a very shy girl，謂語動詞用單數，由從句中的“was”可知主句也應用一般過去時，故選D項。
2．— The discussion is over. ________ everyone ready now?
— Yes, each of us ________ something to say.
A. Is; has
B. Is; have
C. Are; has
D. Are; have
答案 __A__ 知識點 __③__
解析 句意：——討論結束了。現在大家都準備好了嗎？——是的，我們每個人都有話要說。第一空，主語為everyone，謂語動詞用單數；第二空，主語為each of us，謂語動詞用單數。
3．When what is perfect ________， everything imperfect will pass away.
A. come
B. coming
C. comes
D. came
答案 __C__ 知識點 __⑥__
解析 句意：當完美來臨時，那些不完美的便會消逝。名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；由句意可知，此處應用一般現在時，故選C項。
4．There are so many books in his study, about one third of which ________ worth reading.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案 __C__ 知識點 __②__
解析 句意：他的書房里有很多書，其中大約三分之一值得讀。“分數＋of＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數與of后名詞的數保持一致，關系代詞which指代先行詞books，結合句意可知，空處用一般現在時，故選C項。
第二組 語法填空
5．— Some of the students ________ (be) sent to hospital after the three-kilometre race yesterday.
— Unbelievable! Three kilometres ________ (be) not very long.
答案 were;_is 知識點 __②，①__
解析 句意：——昨天一些學生在跑完三千米后被送到了醫院。——不可思議！三千米并不太長。第一空， some of the students作主語，謂語動詞用復數；第二空， three kilometres作主語，當作一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數；第一空用一般過去時，第二空用一般現在時。
6．All the scientific evidence ________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.
答案 shows;_is 知識點 __⑦__
解析 句意：所有的科學證據都表明：農業方面越來越多的使用化學物質正在損害著我們的健康。evidence為不可數名詞，謂語動詞用shows，賓語從句中用動名詞短語作主語，謂語動詞用is。
7．Part of the family ________ (be) out on holiday.They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.
答案 are 知識點 __⑧__
解析 family指家庭整體時表單數，指家庭成員時指復數，part可指單數也可指復數，不難理解題干中的part of the family是復數概念。從題干第二個句子的意思可知，第一個句子的意思是“部分家庭成員現在正度假”，應使用一般現在時。
8．How close parents are to their children ________ (have) a strong influence on the character of the children.
答案 has 知識點 __⑦__
解析 how close parents are to their children是主語從句，從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
四、鄰近一致及主謂一致的特殊情況
知識點講解
1．鄰近一致
①由or, either ... or, neither ... nor, not ... but, not only ... but also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞的單復數要與最靠近的主語的單復數一致。
Was he or you able to persuade her?
Neither he nor I am going to the cinema.
②在倒裝句及there be, here be句型中，若有幾個并列成分作主語，謂語動詞的數要與最靠近的一個主語一致。
On the wall hang some pictures.
There is a desk and some chairs in the room.
There are some chairs and a desk in the room.
2．主謂一致的特殊情況
③and連接并列主語如果是指同一個人或物，謂語動詞用單數。
The teacher and singer is a young lady.
④and連接的并列主語是單數概念，且前面有every, each, no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
