高中英語語法 動名詞

　　1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。

　　①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見為實)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))

　　動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習慣表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)

　　There is no + 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未來的事無法知道)

　　②作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構)

　　不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作賓語

　　A. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案為B

　　有些動詞(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　動詞prefer后面接不定式作賓語時，句子結(jié)構與按動名詞作賓語是不一樣。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.

　　有些動詞，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于謂語動詞。

　　Eg. 2005年北京卷No.30

　　When asked by police, he said that he remembered _____ at he party, but not ______.

　　A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave

　　在下列句型中動名詞作真正賓語：

　　動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補+動名詞(真正賓語)

　　eg. I think it no use telling them.

　　We think it no good inviting to him.

　　B. 作介詞的賓語

　　Eg. 2005年浙江卷No.3

　　The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour ______ his notes.

　　A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

　　be used to doing 習慣于做;look forward to doing 盼望做;devote ones life to doing 致力于做;spent time (in) doing 花時間做;be fond of doing 喜愛做;be good at doing 擅長做;be proud of doing 為做而自豪;be tired of doing 對做感到厭倦;feel like doing 欲想做; go on doing 繼續(xù)做(原來的事);keep on doing 不停地做;what about doing 做怎么樣;think of doing 考慮做;be interested in doing 對做感興趣;have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困難;be busy (in) doing 忙于做;instead of doing 做而不做

　　eg. 2005年江蘇卷No.23

　　Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.

　　A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

　　答案為C

　　④作定語

　　動名詞可作前置定語，表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的，可用for改寫;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，可用定語從句改寫。

　　swimming pool waiting room walking stick

　　a sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping

　　⑤作同位語

　　eg. Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 這就是蟻后的專職工作--產(chǎn)卵。

　　2.動名詞的邏輯主語

　　①人稱代詞做邏輯主語時應用所有格，即形容詞性物主代詞。

　　Eg. Do you minding my smoking here?

　　②邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時，很少用所有格，而用普通格。

　　Eg. He was awakened by someone knocking the door.

　　Theres no need for that being done.

　　③邏輯主語是名詞時，用所有格，但是如果名詞為無生命物體時，則用普通格。

　　Eg. Marys laughing made Tom angry.

　　There is no hoping of the factory making profit.

　　④在口語中，動名詞如果不在句首，可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格作邏輯主語。

　　Eg. 2005年安徽卷No.34

　　I really cant understand _____ her like that.

　　A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

　　3. 動名詞的完成式、一般式被動和完成式被動。

　　Eg. After having finish his work, he went home.

　　He attended the meeting without being asked.

　　She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police. 1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。

　　①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見為實)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))

　　動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習慣表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)

　　There is no + 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未來的事無法知道)

　　②作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構)

　　不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作賓語

　　A. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案為B

　　有些動詞(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　動詞prefer后面接不定式作賓語時，句子結(jié)構與按動名詞作賓語是不一樣。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.

　　1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。

　　①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見為實)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))

　　動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習慣表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)

　　There is no + 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未來的事無法知道)

　　②作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構)

　　不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作賓語

　　A. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案為B

　　有些動詞(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　動詞prefer后面接不定式作賓語時，句子結(jié)構與按動名詞作賓語是不一樣。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.

　　有些動詞，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于謂語動詞。

　　Eg. 2005年北京卷No.30

　　When asked by police, he said that he remembered _____ at he party, but not ______.

　　A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave

　　在下列句型中動名詞作真正賓語：

　　動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓補+動名詞(真正賓語)

　　eg. I think it no use telling them.

　　We think it no good inviting to him.

　　B. 作介詞的賓語

　　Eg. 2005年浙江卷No.3

　　The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour ______ his notes.

　　A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

　　be used to doing 習慣于做;look forward to doing 盼望做;devote ones life to doing 致力于做;spent time (in) doing 花時間做;be fond of doing 喜愛做;be good at doing 擅長做;be proud of doing 為做而自豪;be tired of doing 對做感到厭倦;feel like doing 欲想做; go on doing 繼續(xù)做(原來的事);keep on doing 不停地做;what about doing 做怎么樣;think of doing 考慮做;be interested in doing 對做感興趣;have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困難;be busy (in) doing 忙于做;instead of doing 做而不做

　　eg. 2005年江蘇卷No.23

　　Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.

　　A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

　　答案為C

　　④作定語

　　動名詞可作前置定語，表示所修飾的詞的用途或目的，可用for改寫;而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，可用定語從句改寫。

　　swimming pool waiting room walking stick

　　a sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping

　　⑤作同位語

　　eg. Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 這就是蟻后的專職工作--產(chǎn)卵。

　　2.動名詞的邏輯主語

　　①人稱代詞做邏輯主語時應用所有格，即形容詞性物主代詞。

　　Eg. Do you minding my smoking here?

　　②邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時，很少用所有格，而用普通格。

　　Eg. He was awakened by someone knocking the door.

　　Theres no need for that being done.

　　③邏輯主語是名詞時，用所有格，但是如果名詞為無生命物體時，則用普通格。

　　Eg. Marys laughing made Tom angry.

　　There is no hoping of the factory making profit.

　　④在口語中，動名詞如果不在句首，可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格作邏輯主語。

　　Eg. 2005年安徽卷No.34

　　I really cant understand _____ her like that.

　　A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

　　3. 動名詞的完成式、一般式被動和完成式被動。

　　Eg. After having finish his work, he went home.

　　He attended the meeting without being asked.

　　She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police. 1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔任主語、表語、賓語和定語。

　　①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見為實)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))

　　動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習慣表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 動名詞：做某事沒有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)

　　There is no + 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未來的事無法知道)

　　②作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構)

　　不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作賓語

　　A. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案為B

　　有些動詞(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　動詞prefer后面接不定式作賓語時，句子結(jié)構與按動名詞作賓語是不一樣。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.