2010年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講二十：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1、開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與下列詞連用：for, since, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.
Ive planted 14 trees so far this morning.
---How are you today?
---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.
A. didnt feel
B. dont feel
C. wasnt feeling
D. havent felt
(D) (NMET 2000)
2、在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但與現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系，因?yàn)槲覀兯P(guān)心的是現(xiàn)在還存在著過(guò)去發(fā)生某事的結(jié)果，常和下列詞連用：ever（問(wèn)句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(問(wèn)句或否定句),before
--- my glasses?
---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
(NMET86) (D)
eg. 1)--Have you passed your test ?
--Yes.
--When did you pass it?
--(I passed it) Last week.
2) Have you passed your test?
--Not yet.
--When will you pass it?
-- Next week.
對(duì)比：Have you seen this film? （曾經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)）
Did you see this film ? （某特定時(shí)間）
3、可表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性，常與often, three times 等詞連用
Ive watched him on TV several times.
4、終止性動(dòng)詞可用完成時(shí)，但不能和for, how long 等時(shí)間詞連用，此時(shí)常用替換詞
This film has begun
How long has this film been on?
begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead
join buy leave
be in have be away
5、其它和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞:just, in (within) the past (last) + 時(shí)間段；
對(duì)比：He has just fallen downstairs.
He fell downstairs just now.
6、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause
This is the best film I have ever seen.
②Its + 時(shí)間段+ since-clause (從句用過(guò)去時(shí)）
Its two years since he died.
He has been dead for two years.
He died two years ago.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)到未來(lái)或仍在進(jìn)行.
Ive written an article. （已完成）
Ive been writing an article. （還在寫(xiě)）
1、開(kāi)始于過(guò)去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，常與下列詞連用：for, since, recently, lately, so far, all this year, up till now, etc.
Ive planted 14 trees so far this morning.
---How are you today?
---Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.
A. didnt feel
B. dont feel
C. wasnt feeling
D. havent felt
(D) (NMET 2000)
2、在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但與現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系，因?yàn)槲覀兯P(guān)心的是現(xiàn)在還存在著過(guò)去發(fā)生某事的結(jié)果，常和下列詞連用：ever（問(wèn)句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(問(wèn)句或否定句),before
--- my glasses?
---Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see
B. Had you seen
C. Would you see
D. Have you seen
(NMET86) (D)
eg. 1)--Have you passed your test ?
--Yes.
--When did you pass it?
--(I passed it) Last week.
2) Have you passed your test?
--Not yet.
--When will you pass it?
-- Next week.
對(duì)比：Have you seen this film? （曾經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)）
Did you see this film ? （某特定時(shí)間）
3、可表示反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性，常與often, three times 等詞連用
Ive watched him on TV several times.
4、終止性動(dòng)詞可用完成時(shí)，但不能和for, how long 等時(shí)間詞連用，此時(shí)常用替換詞
This film has begun
How long has this film been on?
begin borrow come die be on keep be here be dead
join buy leave
be in have be away
5、其它和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞:just, in (within) the past (last) + 時(shí)間段；
對(duì)比：He has just fallen downstairs.
He fell downstairs just now.
6、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)
①This is the first (most / only ) + n. + that-clause
This is the best film I have ever seen.
②Its + 時(shí)間段+ since-clause (從句用過(guò)去時(shí)）
Its two years since he died.
He has been dead for two years.
He died two years ago.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)到未來(lái)或仍在進(jìn)行.
Ive written an article. （已完成）
Ive been writing an article. （還在寫(xiě)）
