高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-談?wù)勛尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句
談?wù)勛尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whetheror; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞,疑問(wèn)詞-ever.下面對(duì)這些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句作一說(shuō)明。
(1)though, although表示雖然,縱然之意。
這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:
Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了,身體還很健壯。
值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí),考試卻及格了。
(2)as, though表示雖然但是,縱使之意。
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:
Object as you may, I ' ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ' ll go.) 縱使你反對(duì),我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒(méi)取得什么進(jìn)步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個(gè)孩子,但他知道該做什么。
Fast as you read, you can ' t finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書(shū)。
(3)even if, even though 表示即使,縱使之意。
這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們常可互換使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,也就是說(shuō),說(shuō)話(huà)人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。例如:
We ' ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮,但她還是愛(ài)他。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him. )盡管他很窮,但她還是愛(ài)她。
(4)whetheror表示不論是否,不管是還是之意。
由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句旨在說(shuō)明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。例如:
You ' ll have to attend the ceremony whether you ' re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。
Whether you believe it or not, it ' s true.無(wú)論你是否相信,這都是真的。
(5)no matter+疑問(wèn)詞或疑問(wèn)詞-ever的含義為都;不管都,它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無(wú)論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會(huì)介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰(shuí),你都要遵紀(jì)守法。
但no matter+疑問(wèn)詞結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而疑問(wèn)詞-ever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I won ' t believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都不會(huì)相信你。
I ' ll eat whatever(no matter what)you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句) 不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都受到歡迎。
此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但一般要位于句首。例如:
While I like the colour, I don ' t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學(xué)習(xí)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
談?wù)勛尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whetheror; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞,疑問(wèn)詞-ever.下面對(duì)這些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句作一說(shuō)明。
(1)though, although表示雖然,縱然之意。
這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語(yǔ)中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:
Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。
Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了,身體還很健壯。
值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí),考試卻及格了。
(2)as, though表示雖然但是,縱使之意。
as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形,though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:
Object as you may, I ' ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ' ll go.) 縱使你反對(duì),我也要去。
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒(méi)取得什么進(jìn)步。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個(gè)孩子,但他知道該做什么。
Fast as you read, you can ' t finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書(shū)。
(3)even if, even though 表示即使,縱使之意。
這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們常可互換使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,也就是說(shuō),說(shuō)話(huà)人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。例如:
We ' ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮,但她還是愛(ài)他。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him. )盡管他很窮,但她還是愛(ài)她。
(4)whetheror表示不論是否,不管是還是之意。
由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句旨在說(shuō)明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。例如:
You ' ll have to attend the ceremony whether you ' re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。
Whether you believe it or not, it ' s true.無(wú)論你是否相信,這都是真的。
(5)no matter+疑問(wèn)詞或疑問(wèn)詞-ever的含義為都;不管都,它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。例如:
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無(wú)論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會(huì)介意的。
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰(shuí),你都要遵紀(jì)守法。
但no matter+疑問(wèn)詞結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,而疑問(wèn)詞-ever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I won ' t believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都不會(huì)相信你。
I ' ll eat whatever(no matter what)you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句) 不管誰(shuí)來(lái)都受到歡迎。
此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但一般要位于句首。例如:
While I like the colour, I don ' t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學(xué)習(xí)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。