揭秘各國(guó)兵哥哥的野戰(zhàn)口糧！看到韓國(guó)的，忍不住笑出了聲
首先來(lái)揭秘我國(guó)軍糧的廬山真面目。目前，我國(guó)野戰(zhàn)食品經(jīng)歷了三代的進(jìn)化，可以簡(jiǎn)單粗暴地分成基礎(chǔ)版、升級(jí)版和豪華版。
第一代
China's first generation of field rations were composed mostly of hardtack with side dishes such as canned pork luncheon meat, mixed meat or diced pork.
中國(guó)第一代野戰(zhàn)食品，主要由壓縮干糧配以午餐肉罐頭、葷炒什錦罐頭、醬爆肉丁罐頭等副食構(gòu)成。
第二代
The second generation introduced instant rice and instant noodles, while also adopting flexible packaging to make them easier to carry.
第二代野戰(zhàn)食品中引入了速食米飯、速食面條等，并采用了方便攜帶的軟質(zhì)包裝材料。
第三代
The latest generation of field rations are self-heating. Just pour 100ml of water into the bag and the food is hot and ready to eat in 15 minutes.
最新一代野戰(zhàn)食品為自熱食品，只需將100ml左右的水倒入包裝，15分鐘后便可食用。
下面帶大家仔細(xì)研究一下現(xiàn)在我軍投入使用的自熱食品餐譜。
餐譜1：什錦炒飯、醬油炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料
餐譜2：香燜米飯、雪菜肉丁炒飯、辣椒醬、速溶飲料
餐譜3：咖喱雞丁炒飯、雪菜肉絲面、辣味白菜、速溶飲料
餐譜4：青豆牛肉炒飯、胡蘿卜雞丁炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料
那么，這些單兵食品與普通食品相比到底有什么特殊之處呢？
As we all know, Chinese and western eating habits are essentially different. In China, most people prefer starchy food, while in the West diets tend to contain more protein and fat. Within China, southerners love to eat rice but northerners prefer noodles, both of which can be found in the country's field rations.
眾所周知，中國(guó)人與西方人的飲食習(xí)慣有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。在中國(guó)大部分人更青睞淀粉食物，而西方飲食則富含蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪等。就國(guó)內(nèi)而言，南方人愛(ài)吃大米，北方人愛(ài)吃面食，國(guó)家野戰(zhàn)口糧中這兩樣都有。
The most notable difference between military rations and civilian fast food is that the former places more emphasis on nutritional value. Military rations are designed to provide up to 4,000 kilojoules per serving, replenishing soldiers' energy in the field and keeping their levels of essential vitamins and minerals topped up.
軍用口糧與民用快餐最顯著不同在于，軍用口糧特別強(qiáng)調(diào)食品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。軍用口糧每餐能提供4000千焦的能量，補(bǔ)充野戰(zhàn)條件下官兵消耗的體能需要，并保持必要維生素和礦物質(zhì)的充分供應(yīng)。
Military rations also need a longer shelf life, so that they are still edible once they reach their intended recipients. This can take anywhere from a few months to more than a year, making it imperative that they are long-lasting.
軍用口糧也需要更長(zhǎng)的保質(zhì)期，這樣當(dāng)食品到達(dá)接收者手里時(shí)還能食用。因?yàn)檫@一過(guò)程可能短則幾個(gè)月，長(zhǎng)則一年，所以長(zhǎng)保質(zhì)期就成了必然要求。
目前我國(guó)已經(jīng)研制出最新的17單兵自熱食品啦！
這次的口糧升級(jí)，不光對(duì)炒飯炒面等傳統(tǒng)餐譜進(jìn)行了革新，還引入了主食、副食分開(kāi)的加熱方式，同時(shí)配合多種調(diào)味醬、小菜、巧克力、能量棒等，光是聽(tīng)著就已經(jīng)忍不住流口水了。
看完了中國(guó)的，我們來(lái)看看其他國(guó)家的軍用口糧是怎樣的？
美國(guó)
大家都知道美國(guó)的綽號(hào)是“山姆大叔”，但是很多人還不知道山姆大叔的原型，其實(shí)是位軍糧供應(yīng)商。
美英戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，有一位叫山姆?威爾遜的肉類包裝商向美國(guó)軍隊(duì)供應(yīng)牛肉，為人熱情誠(chéng)實(shí)，被稱為“山姆大叔”。
1812年，紐約州長(zhǎng)參觀山姆大叔的加工廠時(shí)，問(wèn)蓋在桶上的U.S.（United States的縮寫）是什么意思。一個(gè)工人開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)是“山姆大叔”（Uncle Samuel的縮寫恰好也是U.S.）。從此，山姆大叔聲名大噪，并被美國(guó)民眾當(dāng)做自己的代表。
The current standard-issue field ration of the United States military is known as the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE). One pack is the equivalent of one meal. The MRE's packaging is designed to withstand rough conditions and exposure to the elements. Inside each MRE bag is an entree and a variety of other food and drink items.
目前美國(guó)軍隊(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)野戰(zhàn)口糧是MRE單兵口糧，一包相當(dāng)于一頓飯的量。MRE的包裝設(shè)計(jì)可抵抗惡劣天氣，經(jīng)受得住日曬雨淋。每個(gè)MRE包里面包括了一道正菜和若干副食及飲品。
In addition to standard field rations, the US military also provides customized ration packs for people with special dietary requirements such as vegetarians, Muslims and Jews.
除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)野戰(zhàn)口糧，美國(guó)軍隊(duì)還為素食主義者、伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒等有特別飲食需要的人提供定制化口糧。
隨著美軍的多民族化，成員的口味和飲食習(xí)慣也變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，越來(lái)越不愿意啃數(shù)十年如一日的MRE，他們稱這是“反人類”的食品。
日本
作為一個(gè)“感覺(jué)自己萌萌噠”的國(guó)家，“萌”可以說(shuō)是日本的一張文化名片，而日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)的軍用口糧也保持了“萌”風(fēng)。
少女心炸裂的粉色迷彩、軟萌可愛(ài)的漫畫軍官，給人一種吃完之后就能變身為美少女戰(zhàn)士的既視感。畫風(fēng)清奇，日本也是軍用口糧界當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的“小公主”了。
The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has two kinds of field rations. The first, known as Type I Combat Rations, are canned and have a long shelf life. The cans contain rice, meat, hard biscuits, vegetables and the like.
日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)推出了兩種野戰(zhàn)口糧。一種叫做Ⅰ型口糧，主要是保質(zhì)期長(zhǎng)的罐頭食品，包括米飯、肉、壓縮餅干、蔬菜等。
The other kind, known as Type II Combat Rations, are boil-in-the-bag. They come in flexible packaging and contain foodstuffs such as rice, fried potatoes with meat, braised vegetables and hamburgers.
另一種是Ⅱ型口糧，采用了蒸煮袋技術(shù)。此類口糧使用軟包裝，食物包括米飯、土豆炒肉、燴菜及漢堡等。
韓國(guó)
炸雞啤酒、烤五花肉、海帶湯、炒年糕……這些年韓劇帶火了一大批韓國(guó)美食。
但是，看到了真正的韓軍口糧后……
The preferred field ration in South Korea is similar to the Type II Combat Ration, though there are not as many menu options. Menu 1, for example, includes fried rice with kimchi, kimchi soup, three bags of seasoning and a bag of Maltesers. Menu 3, meanwhile, contains an extra bag of glass noodles.
韓國(guó)軍隊(duì)最受歡迎的野戰(zhàn)口糧和日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)的Ⅱ型口糧類似，不過(guò)菜單上沒(méi)有那么多選擇。比如，餐譜1包括1份泡菜炒飯、1份泡菜湯料包、3包調(diào)味料和1份麥麗素。3號(hào)餐譜比1號(hào)豐富，增加了一份粉絲。
俄羅斯
俄羅斯的軍隊(duì)口糧也是極具“戰(zhàn)斗民族”特色，餐譜中肉、魚、蛋、黃油、香腸和乳酪的比重較高。每人每天能吃到的肉量達(dá)到250克，一名士兵一年內(nèi)能吃掉約92公斤的肉。
Russian military rations are distinctive in that they still contain cigarettes, which are not commonly found in other country's rations anymore. The cigarettes are free for soldiers, though officers need to pay for them.
俄軍口糧還有一大特色就是為軍人供應(yīng)香煙，這在世界各國(guó)軍隊(duì)中還是不常見(jiàn)的。所供香煙，軍官自費(fèi)選購(gòu)，士兵則免費(fèi)。
Each soldier receives 12 cigarettes per day as standard, while officers can have 20 per day. Soldiers who do not smoke receive 300g of sugar instead.
香煙供應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：士兵每人每天12支香煙；軍官每人每天20支。不吸煙的軍人可領(lǐng)300克糖。
2024年，俄總統(tǒng)普京簽署了“史上最嚴(yán)禁煙法”，俄國(guó)防部也取消了對(duì)義務(wù)兵的免費(fèi)香煙供應(yīng)，從而終結(jié)了俄軍這一延續(xù)近百年的傳統(tǒng)。
首先來(lái)揭秘我國(guó)軍糧的廬山真面目。目前，我國(guó)野戰(zhàn)食品經(jīng)歷了三代的進(jìn)化，可以簡(jiǎn)單粗暴地分成基礎(chǔ)版、升級(jí)版和豪華版。
第一代
China's first generation of field rations were composed mostly of hardtack with side dishes such as canned pork luncheon meat, mixed meat or diced pork.
中國(guó)第一代野戰(zhàn)食品，主要由壓縮干糧配以午餐肉罐頭、葷炒什錦罐頭、醬爆肉丁罐頭等副食構(gòu)成。
第二代
The second generation introduced instant rice and instant noodles, while also adopting flexible packaging to make them easier to carry.
第二代野戰(zhàn)食品中引入了速食米飯、速食面條等，并采用了方便攜帶的軟質(zhì)包裝材料。
第三代
The latest generation of field rations are self-heating. Just pour 100ml of water into the bag and the food is hot and ready to eat in 15 minutes.
最新一代野戰(zhàn)食品為自熱食品，只需將100ml左右的水倒入包裝，15分鐘后便可食用。
下面帶大家仔細(xì)研究一下現(xiàn)在我軍投入使用的自熱食品餐譜。
餐譜1：什錦炒飯、醬油炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料
餐譜2：香燜米飯、雪菜肉丁炒飯、辣椒醬、速溶飲料
餐譜3：咖喱雞丁炒飯、雪菜肉絲面、辣味白菜、速溶飲料
餐譜4：青豆牛肉炒飯、胡蘿卜雞丁炒飯、鮮脆黃瓜、速溶飲料
那么，這些單兵食品與普通食品相比到底有什么特殊之處呢？
As we all know, Chinese and western eating habits are essentially different. In China, most people prefer starchy food, while in the West diets tend to contain more protein and fat. Within China, southerners love to eat rice but northerners prefer noodles, both of which can be found in the country's field rations.
眾所周知，中國(guó)人與西方人的飲食習(xí)慣有本質(zhì)區(qū)別。在中國(guó)大部分人更青睞淀粉食物，而西方飲食則富含蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪等。就國(guó)內(nèi)而言，南方人愛(ài)吃大米，北方人愛(ài)吃面食，國(guó)家野戰(zhàn)口糧中這兩樣都有。
The most notable difference between military rations and civilian fast food is that the former places more emphasis on nutritional value. Military rations are designed to provide up to 4,000 kilojoules per serving, replenishing soldiers' energy in the field and keeping their levels of essential vitamins and minerals topped up.
軍用口糧與民用快餐最顯著不同在于，軍用口糧特別強(qiáng)調(diào)食品的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。軍用口糧每餐能提供4000千焦的能量，補(bǔ)充野戰(zhàn)條件下官兵消耗的體能需要，并保持必要維生素和礦物質(zhì)的充分供應(yīng)。
Military rations also need a longer shelf life, so that they are still edible once they reach their intended recipients. This can take anywhere from a few months to more than a year, making it imperative that they are long-lasting.
軍用口糧也需要更長(zhǎng)的保質(zhì)期，這樣當(dāng)食品到達(dá)接收者手里時(shí)還能食用。因?yàn)檫@一過(guò)程可能短則幾個(gè)月，長(zhǎng)則一年，所以長(zhǎng)保質(zhì)期就成了必然要求。
目前我國(guó)已經(jīng)研制出最新的17單兵自熱食品啦！
這次的口糧升級(jí)，不光對(duì)炒飯炒面等傳統(tǒng)餐譜進(jìn)行了革新，還引入了主食、副食分開(kāi)的加熱方式，同時(shí)配合多種調(diào)味醬、小菜、巧克力、能量棒等，光是聽(tīng)著就已經(jīng)忍不住流口水了。
看完了中國(guó)的，我們來(lái)看看其他國(guó)家的軍用口糧是怎樣的？
美國(guó)
大家都知道美國(guó)的綽號(hào)是“山姆大叔”，但是很多人還不知道山姆大叔的原型，其實(shí)是位軍糧供應(yīng)商。
美英戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期，有一位叫山姆?威爾遜的肉類包裝商向美國(guó)軍隊(duì)供應(yīng)牛肉，為人熱情誠(chéng)實(shí)，被稱為“山姆大叔”。
1812年，紐約州長(zhǎng)參觀山姆大叔的加工廠時(shí)，問(wèn)蓋在桶上的U.S.（United States的縮寫）是什么意思。一個(gè)工人開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)是“山姆大叔”（Uncle Samuel的縮寫恰好也是U.S.）。從此，山姆大叔聲名大噪，并被美國(guó)民眾當(dāng)做自己的代表。
The current standard-issue field ration of the United States military is known as the Meal, Ready-to-Eat (MRE). One pack is the equivalent of one meal. The MRE's packaging is designed to withstand rough conditions and exposure to the elements. Inside each MRE bag is an entree and a variety of other food and drink items.
目前美國(guó)軍隊(duì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)野戰(zhàn)口糧是MRE單兵口糧，一包相當(dāng)于一頓飯的量。MRE的包裝設(shè)計(jì)可抵抗惡劣天氣，經(jīng)受得住日曬雨淋。每個(gè)MRE包里面包括了一道正菜和若干副食及飲品。
In addition to standard field rations, the US military also provides customized ration packs for people with special dietary requirements such as vegetarians, Muslims and Jews.
除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)野戰(zhàn)口糧，美國(guó)軍隊(duì)還為素食主義者、伊斯蘭教徒和猶太教徒等有特別飲食需要的人提供定制化口糧。
隨著美軍的多民族化，成員的口味和飲食習(xí)慣也變得越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，越來(lái)越不愿意啃數(shù)十年如一日的MRE，他們稱這是“反人類”的食品。
日本
作為一個(gè)“感覺(jué)自己萌萌噠”的國(guó)家，“萌”可以說(shuō)是日本的一張文化名片，而日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)的軍用口糧也保持了“萌”風(fēng)。
少女心炸裂的粉色迷彩、軟萌可愛(ài)的漫畫軍官，給人一種吃完之后就能變身為美少女戰(zhàn)士的既視感。畫風(fēng)清奇，日本也是軍用口糧界當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的“小公主”了。
The Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force has two kinds of field rations. The first, known as Type I Combat Rations, are canned and have a long shelf life. The cans contain rice, meat, hard biscuits, vegetables and the like.
日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)推出了兩種野戰(zhàn)口糧。一種叫做Ⅰ型口糧，主要是保質(zhì)期長(zhǎng)的罐頭食品，包括米飯、肉、壓縮餅干、蔬菜等。
The other kind, known as Type II Combat Rations, are boil-in-the-bag. They come in flexible packaging and contain foodstuffs such as rice, fried potatoes with meat, braised vegetables and hamburgers.
另一種是Ⅱ型口糧，采用了蒸煮袋技術(shù)。此類口糧使用軟包裝，食物包括米飯、土豆炒肉、燴菜及漢堡等。
韓國(guó)
炸雞啤酒、烤五花肉、海帶湯、炒年糕……這些年韓劇帶火了一大批韓國(guó)美食。
但是，看到了真正的韓軍口糧后……
The preferred field ration in South Korea is similar to the Type II Combat Ration, though there are not as many menu options. Menu 1, for example, includes fried rice with kimchi, kimchi soup, three bags of seasoning and a bag of Maltesers. Menu 3, meanwhile, contains an extra bag of glass noodles.
韓國(guó)軍隊(duì)最受歡迎的野戰(zhàn)口糧和日本自衛(wèi)隊(duì)的Ⅱ型口糧類似，不過(guò)菜單上沒(méi)有那么多選擇。比如，餐譜1包括1份泡菜炒飯、1份泡菜湯料包、3包調(diào)味料和1份麥麗素。3號(hào)餐譜比1號(hào)豐富，增加了一份粉絲。
俄羅斯
俄羅斯的軍隊(duì)口糧也是極具“戰(zhàn)斗民族”特色，餐譜中肉、魚、蛋、黃油、香腸和乳酪的比重較高。每人每天能吃到的肉量達(dá)到250克，一名士兵一年內(nèi)能吃掉約92公斤的肉。
Russian military rations are distinctive in that they still contain cigarettes, which are not commonly found in other country's rations anymore. The cigarettes are free for soldiers, though officers need to pay for them.
俄軍口糧還有一大特色就是為軍人供應(yīng)香煙，這在世界各國(guó)軍隊(duì)中還是不常見(jiàn)的。所供香煙，軍官自費(fèi)選購(gòu)，士兵則免費(fèi)。
Each soldier receives 12 cigarettes per day as standard, while officers can have 20 per day. Soldiers who do not smoke receive 300g of sugar instead.
香煙供應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為：士兵每人每天12支香煙；軍官每人每天20支。不吸煙的軍人可領(lǐng)300克糖。
2024年，俄總統(tǒng)普京簽署了“史上最嚴(yán)禁煙法”，俄國(guó)防部也取消了對(duì)義務(wù)兵的免費(fèi)香煙供應(yīng)，從而終結(jié)了俄軍這一延續(xù)近百年的傳統(tǒng)。
