高中英語語法-寫作考點(diǎn)誰最俏,準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
寫作考點(diǎn)誰最俏,準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
近年來高考英語書面表達(dá)閱卷采用新標(biāo)準(zhǔn),要求考生使用高級句型、高級詞匯、過渡性詞匯和不同的表達(dá)方式,以增加文章的可讀性和醒目性。誠然,這些都是高考英語書面表達(dá)的重要考點(diǎn),然而在刻苦訓(xùn)練達(dá)到新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定要求的同時,一定要注意表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。這是書面表達(dá)最本質(zhì)的東西,也是最重要的考點(diǎn),離開了這一點(diǎn),高級表達(dá)方式就失去了意義。那么如何做到表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確呢?筆者認(rèn)為主要有以下幾點(diǎn):
一 . 避免語法錯誤,提高語言的準(zhǔn)確性
基礎(chǔ)較差的考生在各個語法點(diǎn)上均有可能出錯,但動詞是英語最重要的詞類之一,絕大多數(shù)語法與動詞有密切聯(lián)系,因此寫書面表達(dá)時考生一定要以動詞為突破口,注意避免出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。考生在書面表達(dá)中常犯的語法錯誤有:
1. 動詞錯誤
進(jìn)行句意表達(dá)時,考生既不能多用也不能少用動詞。例如:
There are about ten students are absent today. (多用動詞 be ,應(yīng)改為 about ten students absent today )
A boy comes from that school will come to our class. (多用動詞 comes ,應(yīng)去掉)
I can't sure whether he is telling lies or not. (少用動詞,應(yīng)將 can't sure 改為 can't be sure )
2. 時態(tài)錯誤
任何書面表達(dá)都有特定的時態(tài)環(huán)境,而在這種特定時態(tài)環(huán)境下的時態(tài)通常都是相同的,比如介紹人物等的現(xiàn)狀應(yīng)從一般現(xiàn)在時為主,回顧歷史應(yīng)以一般過去時為主,憧憬未來應(yīng)以一般將來時為主。日記常記述已發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)從一般過去時為主;通知常描繪未來活動,應(yīng)以一般將來時為主。不少考生對時態(tài)概念模糊,隨心所欲地使用時態(tài),容易造成大面積的時態(tài)錯誤,因此而丟分。
3. 時態(tài)錯誤
漢語被動色彩不濃,不少考生因受漢語習(xí)慣影響,不會正確運(yùn)用被動語態(tài)。例如:
He thought his book lost at the station. (在 book 后加 was )
Li Ping stood on a piece of glass and his right foot hurt. (在 foot 后加 was )
有時不該用被動語態(tài),不少考生卻用了被動語態(tài)。例如:
It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. (去掉第二個 was )
The war was broken out in 1980. (將 was broken 改為 broke )
不少考生喜歡在行為動詞前加 be .例如:
They are think that they should study hard. (去掉 are )
I am decide that I should start at once. (去掉 am )
4. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤
Each boys in our class has been there. (將 boys 改為 boy )
A lot of student in their class know it. (將 student 改為 students )
5. 冠詞錯誤
冠詞雖屬虛詞,但也不能掉以輕心,否則也會影響文意表達(dá)。例如:
There are three people in the bus, worker, teacher, and student. (分別在 worker, teacher, student 前加 a )
In morning we went there and in afternoon we came back. (分別在 morning, afternoon 前加 the )
二 . 避免不規(guī)則英文表達(dá),提高語言的準(zhǔn)確性
寫書面表達(dá)時,考生應(yīng)使用準(zhǔn)確、地道的語言,不能使用生澀、難懂或不符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的語言。考生常犯的語言錯誤通常有下列幾種:
1. 詞對詞直譯
有些考生在表達(dá)句子時不會使用準(zhǔn)確、地道的英語,而是根據(jù)漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)用相應(yīng)的英語單詞生硬地詞對詞直譯。例如:
學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的學(xué)生是好學(xué)生。
誤: Study hard students are good students.
正: The students who study hard are good students.
我將坐汽車去北京。
誤: I will by bus to go to Beijing.
正: I will go to Beijing by bus.
他說是你救了他。
誤: He said was you saved him.
正: He said it was you who saved him.
2. 漢語式英語表達(dá)
很多考生進(jìn)行句意表達(dá)時易受漢語習(xí)慣影響,所寫句子雖然語法正確,卻不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如:
他困難很多。
誤: His difficulty is much.
正: He has much difficulty.
他身體健康。
誤: His body is health.
正: He is healthy.
3. 繞道表達(dá)
不少考生因詞匯量不足,寫作時碰到生詞總是繞道走,或是用解釋法、定義法來說明,結(jié)果語言生澀難懂,文章錯亂不清,寫出的句子就不是地道的英語。例如:
他總是在周末回家。
不地道: He always goes home at the end of a week.
地道: He always goes home at weekend.
請?jiān)谛iT口等我。
不地道: Please wait for me at the gate of the school.
地道: Please wait for me at the school gate.
三 . 巧記常識性語句,進(jìn)行好句積累
語言是有規(guī)律的,不同體裁的書面表達(dá)都有其常識性語句,這些語句,能有效增強(qiáng)文章的連結(jié)性、邏輯性、可讀性,使文章文采倍增。
寫人物介紹時應(yīng)著重描寫對人物姓名、性別、年齡、職業(yè)、身高、健康狀況、業(yè)余愛好、工作態(tài)度、與人相處、社會評價等語句的表達(dá)。例如:
Li Ping is a good teacher. He is thirty years old. He is 170 centimeters tall and he is healthy
寫單位介紹文時應(yīng)著重單位面積、人口、地理位置、綠化工作等語句的表達(dá)。例如:
Our factory covers 100 mu. / Our city has a population of one million
記敘文常用短語或句型有: I feel very glad because I have done a good dead. The old woman was thankful to me for my kindness.
環(huán)保說明文常識性語句有: There are all kinds of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. We live in a terrible environment
英文交友信常用句型有: I'm glad to have a chance to be your pen friend. I learned about you from the International Friendship Club
寫作考點(diǎn)誰最俏,準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷
近年來高考英語書面表達(dá)閱卷采用新標(biāo)準(zhǔn),要求考生使用高級句型、高級詞匯、過渡性詞匯和不同的表達(dá)方式,以增加文章的可讀性和醒目性。誠然,這些都是高考英語書面表達(dá)的重要考點(diǎn),然而在刻苦訓(xùn)練達(dá)到新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定要求的同時,一定要注意表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性。這是書面表達(dá)最本質(zhì)的東西,也是最重要的考點(diǎn),離開了這一點(diǎn),高級表達(dá)方式就失去了意義。那么如何做到表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確呢?筆者認(rèn)為主要有以下幾點(diǎn):
一 . 避免語法錯誤,提高語言的準(zhǔn)確性
基礎(chǔ)較差的考生在各個語法點(diǎn)上均有可能出錯,但動詞是英語最重要的詞類之一,絕大多數(shù)語法與動詞有密切聯(lián)系,因此寫書面表達(dá)時考生一定要以動詞為突破口,注意避免出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。考生在書面表達(dá)中常犯的語法錯誤有:
1. 動詞錯誤
進(jìn)行句意表達(dá)時,考生既不能多用也不能少用動詞。例如:
There are about ten students are absent today. (多用動詞 be ,應(yīng)改為 about ten students absent today )
A boy comes from that school will come to our class. (多用動詞 comes ,應(yīng)去掉)
I can't sure whether he is telling lies or not. (少用動詞,應(yīng)將 can't sure 改為 can't be sure )
2. 時態(tài)錯誤
任何書面表達(dá)都有特定的時態(tài)環(huán)境,而在這種特定時態(tài)環(huán)境下的時態(tài)通常都是相同的,比如介紹人物等的現(xiàn)狀應(yīng)從一般現(xiàn)在時為主,回顧歷史應(yīng)以一般過去時為主,憧憬未來應(yīng)以一般將來時為主。日記常記述已發(fā)生的事,應(yīng)從一般過去時為主;通知常描繪未來活動,應(yīng)以一般將來時為主。不少考生對時態(tài)概念模糊,隨心所欲地使用時態(tài),容易造成大面積的時態(tài)錯誤,因此而丟分。
3. 時態(tài)錯誤
漢語被動色彩不濃,不少考生因受漢語習(xí)慣影響,不會正確運(yùn)用被動語態(tài)。例如:
He thought his book lost at the station. (在 book 后加 was )
Li Ping stood on a piece of glass and his right foot hurt. (在 foot 后加 was )
有時不該用被動語態(tài),不少考生卻用了被動語態(tài)。例如:
It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. (去掉第二個 was )
The war was broken out in 1980. (將 was broken 改為 broke )
不少考生喜歡在行為動詞前加 be .例如:
They are think that they should study hard. (去掉 are )
I am decide that I should start at once. (去掉 am )
4. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤
Each boys in our class has been there. (將 boys 改為 boy )
A lot of student in their class know it. (將 student 改為 students )
5. 冠詞錯誤
冠詞雖屬虛詞,但也不能掉以輕心,否則也會影響文意表達(dá)。例如:
There are three people in the bus, worker, teacher, and student. (分別在 worker, teacher, student 前加 a )
In morning we went there and in afternoon we came back. (分別在 morning, afternoon 前加 the )
二 . 避免不規(guī)則英文表達(dá),提高語言的準(zhǔn)確性
寫書面表達(dá)時,考生應(yīng)使用準(zhǔn)確、地道的語言,不能使用生澀、難懂或不符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的語言。考生常犯的語言錯誤通常有下列幾種:
1. 詞對詞直譯
有些考生在表達(dá)句子時不會使用準(zhǔn)確、地道的英語,而是根據(jù)漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)用相應(yīng)的英語單詞生硬地詞對詞直譯。例如:
學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的學(xué)生是好學(xué)生。
誤: Study hard students are good students.
正: The students who study hard are good students.
我將坐汽車去北京。
誤: I will by bus to go to Beijing.
正: I will go to Beijing by bus.
他說是你救了他。
誤: He said was you saved him.
正: He said it was you who saved him.
2. 漢語式英語表達(dá)
很多考生進(jìn)行句意表達(dá)時易受漢語習(xí)慣影響,所寫句子雖然語法正確,卻不符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如:
他困難很多。
誤: His difficulty is much.
正: He has much difficulty.
他身體健康。
誤: His body is health.
正: He is healthy.
3. 繞道表達(dá)
不少考生因詞匯量不足,寫作時碰到生詞總是繞道走,或是用解釋法、定義法來說明,結(jié)果語言生澀難懂,文章錯亂不清,寫出的句子就不是地道的英語。例如:
他總是在周末回家。
不地道: He always goes home at the end of a week.
地道: He always goes home at weekend.
請?jiān)谛iT口等我。
不地道: Please wait for me at the gate of the school.
地道: Please wait for me at the school gate.
三 . 巧記常識性語句,進(jìn)行好句積累
語言是有規(guī)律的,不同體裁的書面表達(dá)都有其常識性語句,這些語句,能有效增強(qiáng)文章的連結(jié)性、邏輯性、可讀性,使文章文采倍增。
寫人物介紹時應(yīng)著重描寫對人物姓名、性別、年齡、職業(yè)、身高、健康狀況、業(yè)余愛好、工作態(tài)度、與人相處、社會評價等語句的表達(dá)。例如:
Li Ping is a good teacher. He is thirty years old. He is 170 centimeters tall and he is healthy
寫單位介紹文時應(yīng)著重單位面積、人口、地理位置、綠化工作等語句的表達(dá)。例如:
Our factory covers 100 mu. / Our city has a population of one million
記敘文常用短語或句型有: I feel very glad because I have done a good dead. The old woman was thankful to me for my kindness.
環(huán)保說明文常識性語句有: There are all kinds of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. We live in a terrible environment
英文交友信常用句型有: I'm glad to have a chance to be your pen friend. I learned about you from the International Friendship Club