英語講義【74】名詞分句

　　在英語里,名詞分句（the noun clause）是復(fù)雜句中三種從句的一種，起著名詞的作用，可以是主語、賓語、同位語或補足語。

　　名詞分句多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　① That the drowned boy is still alive is fortunate.

　　② He said that he was right to report the matter to the police.

　　③ Your assumption that all things will improve is unfounded.

　　④ The problem is that many people nowadays want to get rich fast.

　　⑤ I am sure that things will improve soon.

　　①里的名詞從句當(dāng)主句的主語；②里的當(dāng)賓語；③里的當(dāng)同位語；④里的是主語補足語；⑤里的是賓語補足語。

　　當(dāng)名詞從句是謂語動詞的賓語（見例②）或賓語補足語（見例⑤ ）時，連詞that通常可以省略。例如：

　　⑥ Tom said （that） he was right.

　　⑦ We are sure （that） things will get better.

　　還有，用that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是陳述句（ statements/declarative sentences）。例如③里的 （i）All things will improve和 （ii）your assumption is unfounded 連成復(fù)雜句之前，都是陳述句。但不是所有的名詞分句都是用that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句。它們也可以是疑問句（questions/ interrogative sentences）。

　　疑問句分兩種：帶疑問詞（question words）和不帶疑問詞的。當(dāng)帶疑問詞的直接疑問句（direct questions）轉(zhuǎn)為間接疑問句（ indirect questions）時，有關(guān)的疑問詞便要起連接作用。例如：

　　⑧a. What problem may arise?

　　　b. No one knows.

　　　c. No one knows what problem may arise.

　　⑨a. Where is Tom?

　　　b. Tell me.

　　　c. Tell me where Tom is.

　　⑩a. Why was he absent?

　　　b. We want to find out.

　　　c. We want to find out why he was absent.

　　當(dāng)不帶疑問詞的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)為名詞從句時，就由連詞whether 或if引導(dǎo)，如：

　　（11）a. Will he come?

　　　　　b.I wonder whether he will come.

　　（12）a. Are they wrong?

　　　　　b. May I know if they are wrong?

　　⑧c⑩c以及11b12b里的都是間接疑問句。請注意，㈠直接疑問的疑問號在間接疑問句中不見了；㈡間接疑問句的詞序和陳述句的一樣，即主語+謂語，而不是主謂對調(diào)；㈢同句中有兩個名詞從句時，連詞要清楚列出，如：

　　（13） The question is not whether our people will cooperate with our goverment but when they will do so.

　　（14） Jason says that he has no immediate plans to go abroad and that he wont try anything new in near future.

　　根據(jù)這原則，名詞從句超過兩個時，也要把連詞寫出來，使每個從句得以平衡，而且等量齊觀，如：

　　（15） I told Jim that he should create a good home environment, that he should have a room with good lighting, that he should allow enough hours for studying, and that he should not stay up without rhyme or reason.

　　在英語里,名詞分句（the noun clause）是復(fù)雜句中三種從句的一種，起著名詞的作用，可以是主語、賓語、同位語或補足語。

　　名詞分句多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　① That the drowned boy is still alive is fortunate.

　　② He said that he was right to report the matter to the police.

　　③ Your assumption that all things will improve is unfounded.

　　④ The problem is that many people nowadays want to get rich fast.

　　⑤ I am sure that things will improve soon.

　　①里的名詞從句當(dāng)主句的主語；②里的當(dāng)賓語；③里的當(dāng)同位語；④里的是主語補足語；⑤里的是賓語補足語。

　　當(dāng)名詞從句是謂語動詞的賓語（見例②）或賓語補足語（見例⑤ ）時，連詞that通常可以省略。例如：

　　⑥ Tom said （that） he was right.

　　⑦ We are sure （that） things will get better.

　　還有，用that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是陳述句（ statements/declarative sentences）。例如③里的 （i）All things will improve和 （ii）your assumption is unfounded 連成復(fù)雜句之前，都是陳述句。但不是所有的名詞分句都是用that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句。它們也可以是疑問句（questions/ interrogative sentences）。

　　疑問句分兩種：帶疑問詞（question words）和不帶疑問詞的。當(dāng)帶疑問詞的直接疑問句（direct questions）轉(zhuǎn)為間接疑問句（ indirect questions）時，有關(guān)的疑問詞便要起連接作用。例如：

　　⑧a. What problem may arise?

　　　b. No one knows.

　　　c. No one knows what problem may arise.

　　⑨a. Where is Tom?

　　　b. Tell me.

　　　c. Tell me where Tom is.

　　⑩a. Why was he absent?

　　　b. We want to find out.

　　　c. We want to find out why he was absent.

　　當(dāng)不帶疑問詞的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)為名詞從句時，就由連詞whether 或if引導(dǎo)，如：

　　（11）a. Will he come?

　　　　　b.I wonder whether he will come.

　　（12）a. Are they wrong?

　　　　　b. May I know if they are wrong?

　　⑧c⑩c以及11b12b里的都是間接疑問句。請注意，㈠直接疑問的疑問號在間接疑問句中不見了；㈡間接疑問句的詞序和陳述句的一樣，即主語+謂語，而不是主謂對調(diào)；㈢同句中有兩個名詞從句時，連詞要清楚列出，如：

　　（13） The question is not whether our people will cooperate with our goverment but when they will do so.

　　（14） Jason says that he has no immediate plans to go abroad and that he wont try anything new in near future.

　　根據(jù)這原則，名詞從句超過兩個時，也要把連詞寫出來，使每個從句得以平衡，而且等量齊觀，如：

　　（15） I told Jim that he should create a good home environment, that he should have a room with good lighting, that he should allow enough hours for studying, and that he should not stay up without rhyme or reason.