動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化
1.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化是指動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞不按一定的規(guī)則變化。
2.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化的具體變化規(guī)則如下。
(1)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞同形。如 readreadread,
putputput,hithithit,letletlet,costcostcost,spreadspreadspread.
I have read this book twice before.
這本書我已經(jīng)讀過兩遍了。
The book hit me on the head.
書打中了我的腦袋。
I put the apple in the corner.
我把蘋果放在墻角。
(2)過去式、過去分詞同形。如 winwonwon,
digdugdug,findfoundfound,feelfeltfelt,
leaveleftleft,meetmetmet,sitsatsat,
standstoodstood,saysaidsaid,
telltoldtold,makemademade,
hearheardheard,sellsoldsold.
I stood up and turned.
我站起來,轉(zhuǎn)過身。
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
I sat quietly staring at the apple.
我靜靜地坐在那里盯著蘋果。
I felt happy at being praised by parents.
被父母夸獎(jiǎng)我感到很高興。
(3)現(xiàn)在式與過去分詞同形。如 comecamecome,
become becamebecome,runranrun.
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
(4)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞三種各不同形。如 is(am,are)
was(was, were)been,dodiddone,
gowentgone,lielaylain,begin
beganbegun,ringrangrung,singsangsung,
swimswamswum,seesawseen,
eatateeaten,givegavegiven,
taketooktaken,fallfellfallen,
knowknewknown,throw threw thrown,
wearworeworn,speakspokespoken,
choosechosechosen,breakbrokebroken,
drive drovedriven,writewrotewritten,
forgetforgotforgot(ten),getgotgot(ten),
hidehidhid(den),show showedshow(showed)。
I was reading a book and eating an apple.
我正在吃著蘋果讀書。
A book fell off the bookshelf.
一本書從書架上掉了下來。
I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.
我看見書架頂上有一只小老鼠。
I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.
我拿了一瓶滅鼠藥水。
The rat died before it ate up the apple.
老鼠還沒吃完蘋果就死掉了。
I got angry with this rat.
我生了這只老鼠的氣。
3.另注:
(1)一些動(dòng)詞變化的英美不同。
burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美語
中為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在英語中可為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,不過用作不規(guī)
則動(dòng)詞較為普通。
在美語中wake的過去分詞也可用waked.
fit,quit和wet在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;但在美語中是不規(guī)則
動(dòng)詞,三種形式相同。
dive在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在美語中則為不規(guī)則:
divedovedived.
get的過去分詞在美語中也常是gotten.
(2)字典里有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有兩個(gè),其中的一個(gè)字尾為
en,此類字尾為en的過去分詞現(xiàn)在多用作形容詞,
而不用作時(shí)態(tài)之一部份(即不用作完成時(shí)態(tài)里的過去分詞)。
如:
ill-gotten wealth
不義之財(cái)。gotten是作形容詞用的過去分詞。
He has got wealth by ill means.
他以不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蔚玫藉X財(cái)。got是完成式里的過去分詞。
(3)助動(dòng)詞只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,沒有過去分詞。
現(xiàn)在式 過去式 過去分詞
shall should 無
can could 無
will would 無
may might 無
must 無 無
ought 無 無
1.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化是指動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞不按一定的規(guī)則變化。
2.動(dòng)詞不規(guī)則變化的具體變化規(guī)則如下。
(1)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞同形。如 readreadread,
putputput,hithithit,letletlet,costcostcost,spreadspreadspread.
I have read this book twice before.
這本書我已經(jīng)讀過兩遍了。
The book hit me on the head.
書打中了我的腦袋。
I put the apple in the corner.
我把蘋果放在墻角。
(2)過去式、過去分詞同形。如 winwonwon,
digdugdug,findfoundfound,feelfeltfelt,
leaveleftleft,meetmetmet,sitsatsat,
standstoodstood,saysaidsaid,
telltoldtold,makemademade,
hearheardheard,sellsoldsold.
I stood up and turned.
我站起來,轉(zhuǎn)過身。
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
I sat quietly staring at the apple.
我靜靜地坐在那里盯著蘋果。
I felt happy at being praised by parents.
被父母夸獎(jiǎng)我感到很高興。
(3)現(xiàn)在式與過去分詞同形。如 comecamecome,
become becamebecome,runranrun.
It was aware of having been found, then it ran away.
它覺察到自己被發(fā)現(xiàn)了,于是逃跑了。
(4)現(xiàn)在式、過去式、過去分詞三種各不同形。如 is(am,are)
was(was, were)been,dodiddone,
gowentgone,lielaylain,begin
beganbegun,ringrangrung,singsangsung,
swimswamswum,seesawseen,
eatateeaten,givegavegiven,
taketooktaken,fallfellfallen,
knowknewknown,throw threw thrown,
wearworeworn,speakspokespoken,
choosechosechosen,breakbrokebroken,
drive drovedriven,writewrotewritten,
forgetforgotforgot(ten),getgotgot(ten),
hidehidhid(den),show showedshow(showed)。
I was reading a book and eating an apple.
我正在吃著蘋果讀書。
A book fell off the bookshelf.
一本書從書架上掉了下來。
I saw a little rat on the top of the shelf.
我看見書架頂上有一只小老鼠。
I took a bottle of liquid medicine to kill the rat.
我拿了一瓶滅鼠藥水。
The rat died before it ate up the apple.
老鼠還沒吃完蘋果就死掉了。
I got angry with this rat.
我生了這只老鼠的氣。
3.另注:
(1)一些動(dòng)詞變化的英美不同。
burn,dream,learn,spell,smell,lean,spill,spoil在美語
中為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在英語中可為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,不過用作不規(guī)
則動(dòng)詞較為普通。
在美語中wake的過去分詞也可用waked.
fit,quit和wet在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;但在美語中是不規(guī)則
動(dòng)詞,三種形式相同。
dive在英語中是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞;在美語中則為不規(guī)則:
divedovedived.
get的過去分詞在美語中也常是gotten.
(2)字典里有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有兩個(gè),其中的一個(gè)字尾為
en,此類字尾為en的過去分詞現(xiàn)在多用作形容詞,
而不用作時(shí)態(tài)之一部份(即不用作完成時(shí)態(tài)里的過去分詞)。
如:
ill-gotten wealth
不義之財(cái)。gotten是作形容詞用的過去分詞。
He has got wealth by ill means.
他以不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蔚玫藉X財(cái)。got是完成式里的過去分詞。
(3)助動(dòng)詞只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,沒有過去分詞。
現(xiàn)在式 過去式 過去分詞
shall should 無
can could 無
will would 無
may might 無
must 無 無
ought 無 無