SAT閱讀題中的修辭手段題
從2005年3月SAT考試改革以來，以前從未出現(xiàn)過的修辭手段題型悄然出現(xiàn)在了閱讀理解部分。由于這種題型比較新而且相對其他題型來說其所占比重并不是那么高，很多考生沒有給予足夠的重視，因而在考試中造成了無故失分現(xiàn)象。我們知道，在SAT考試中，決定每一百分的僅僅是六七道題。因此每一道題在分分必爭的閱讀理解題中都顯得是那么的重要。下面，筆者就結(jié)合自己的教研經(jīng)驗談?wù)凷AT閱讀理解中的修辭手段題。
英語中的修辭手段很多，但是大體與中文一致。在SAT考試中出現(xiàn)的典型的考題主要有下列幾道：
例一：Paragraph 4 :Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after a research is a time-consuming coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it primarily was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.
15. The author uses which of the following in the fourth paragraph ?
Understatement
Personification
Analogy
Metaphor
Anecdote
講解：這道題很簡單，作者通過敘述自己的一件親身經(jīng)歷的事情來證明段落開頭的分論點即Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans所以作者在這里所運用的就是E項 ANECDOTE。
例二：Passage 1
For millennia, parents have recognized the newborn s basic need for safety, nourishment, warmth, and nurturing. Now science has added stunning revelations about human development from birth to age three., confining that parents and other adult caregivers play a critical role in influencing a childs development.
9. Lines 3-9 of Passage 1 draw a parallel between
traditional practices and contemporary critiques
basic human needs and intellectual endeavors
widespread beliefs and scientific findings
parental anxieties and developmental advances
experimental hypotheses and proven theories
講解：這道題是對平行結(jié)構(gòu)這種修辭手段的考查。出題人要求考生識別出作者在文中對上千年來人們的信仰和科學新發(fā)現(xiàn)的對比。因此，此題的答案為C項。
例三：Passage 2
Doctors, architects, executives, consultants, receptionists, and lawyers all manage to survive economically without owning their cognition. I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5,000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statute of Anne, the worlds first modem copyright law, passed the British parliament. Sophocles, Dante, da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Newton, Cervantes, Bach-- all found reasons to get out of bed in the morning without expecting to own the works they created.
15. The use of the phrase pretty decent in Passage 2 conveys
solemn detachment
cheerful celebration
ironic understatement
lingering doubt
reluctant approval
講解：此題難度較大，是使很多考生很困惑的一道修辭手段題。原文作者想要告訴讀者：在世界上第一部知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法到來之前的幾千年歷史長河中，人類也創(chuàng)造了還不錯的藝術(shù)作品。很顯然，文章結(jié)尾的那些偉大藝術(shù)家的名字使我們立刻了解到作者所謂的還不錯的藝術(shù)作品并不是他字面的意思。他實際上是運用了一種輕描淡寫的方式使自己的語言更具說服力。而這種輕描淡寫的方式就是C項中的IRONIC UNDERSTATEMENT.
例四：line 75-82
Uncle: Take care! take care!
Niece: Why? What shadow of power have you over me? Why should I fear you?
Uncle: Take care, madam!
Niece: Scrupulous care I will take, Mr. Sympson. Before I marry, I am resolved to esteem--to admireto love.
14. In lines 80-82 , Miss Keeldar deflects the warning from Mr. Sympson by
deliberately misunderstanding his meaning
scornfully turning the blame back on him
childishly mocking the tone of his comment
lamenting his failure to sympathize with her
justifying her previously sensible behavior
講解：這是一道很是隱晦的修辭手段題。全文就是一個女孩和自己的監(jiān)護人爭吵得過程。他們的矛盾焦點就是這個女孩子是否要嫁給一個自己不喜歡的男孩子的問題。到了第80行左右，兩個人的爭論已經(jīng)到了白熱化。監(jiān)護人警告女孩：你給我小心點兒!但是女孩兒卻十分聰明的把CARE這個詞理解成照顧。所以她說我會小心謹慎的照顧自己的!很顯然，女孩兒時故意錯誤的理解監(jiān)護人的意思使其更加生氣。CARE這個詞的運用其實就是我們修辭手段中的雙關(guān)語。因此答案是A項。
通過上述的幾道真題的講解我想大家對SAT閱讀中的新增題型---修辭手段題有了更近一步的了解。其實，只要我們在考試之前對各種修辭手段有所了解就不會在考試的時候出現(xiàn)無故失分現(xiàn)象。下面我就把幾種重要的修辭手段進行總結(jié)，希望能夠?qū)淇嫉腟AT考生有所幫助。
從2005年3月SAT考試改革以來，以前從未出現(xiàn)過的修辭手段題型悄然出現(xiàn)在了閱讀理解部分。由于這種題型比較新而且相對其他題型來說其所占比重并不是那么高，很多考生沒有給予足夠的重視，因而在考試中造成了無故失分現(xiàn)象。我們知道，在SAT考試中，決定每一百分的僅僅是六七道題。因此每一道題在分分必爭的閱讀理解題中都顯得是那么的重要。下面，筆者就結(jié)合自己的教研經(jīng)驗談?wù)凷AT閱讀理解中的修辭手段題。
英語中的修辭手段很多，但是大體與中文一致。在SAT考試中出現(xiàn)的典型的考題主要有下列幾道：
例一：Paragraph 4 :Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans. Once, when observing airborne troops about to take their first parachute jump, I noticed that several of the soldiers were sitting in the plane and yawning. It was 10 A.M., just after a research is a time-consuming coffee break, and I doubted that they were tired; I knew for a fact that they were far too nervous to be bored. When I asked about this, the officer in charge laughed and said it primarily was really quite a common behavior, especially on the first jump.
15. The author uses which of the following in the fourth paragraph ?
Understatement
Personification
Analogy
Metaphor
Anecdote
講解：這道題很簡單，作者通過敘述自己的一件親身經(jīng)歷的事情來證明段落開頭的分論點即Yawning can also be a Sign of stress in humans所以作者在這里所運用的就是E項 ANECDOTE。
例二：Passage 1
For millennia, parents have recognized the newborn s basic need for safety, nourishment, warmth, and nurturing. Now science has added stunning revelations about human development from birth to age three., confining that parents and other adult caregivers play a critical role in influencing a childs development.
9. Lines 3-9 of Passage 1 draw a parallel between
traditional practices and contemporary critiques
basic human needs and intellectual endeavors
widespread beliefs and scientific findings
parental anxieties and developmental advances
experimental hypotheses and proven theories
講解：這道題是對平行結(jié)構(gòu)這種修辭手段的考查。出題人要求考生識別出作者在文中對上千年來人們的信仰和科學新發(fā)現(xiàn)的對比。因此，此題的答案為C項。
例三：Passage 2
Doctors, architects, executives, consultants, receptionists, and lawyers all manage to survive economically without owning their cognition. I take further comfort in the fact that the human species managed to produce pretty decent creative work during the 5,000 years that preceded 1710, when the Statute of Anne, the worlds first modem copyright law, passed the British parliament. Sophocles, Dante, da Vinci, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Newton, Cervantes, Bach-- all found reasons to get out of bed in the morning without expecting to own the works they created.
15. The use of the phrase pretty decent in Passage 2 conveys
solemn detachment
cheerful celebration
ironic understatement
lingering doubt
reluctant approval
講解：此題難度較大，是使很多考生很困惑的一道修辭手段題。原文作者想要告訴讀者：在世界上第一部知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法到來之前的幾千年歷史長河中，人類也創(chuàng)造了還不錯的藝術(shù)作品。很顯然，文章結(jié)尾的那些偉大藝術(shù)家的名字使我們立刻了解到作者所謂的還不錯的藝術(shù)作品并不是他字面的意思。他實際上是運用了一種輕描淡寫的方式使自己的語言更具說服力。而這種輕描淡寫的方式就是C項中的IRONIC UNDERSTATEMENT.
例四：line 75-82
Uncle: Take care! take care!
Niece: Why? What shadow of power have you over me? Why should I fear you?
Uncle: Take care, madam!
Niece: Scrupulous care I will take, Mr. Sympson. Before I marry, I am resolved to esteem--to admireto love.
14. In lines 80-82 , Miss Keeldar deflects the warning from Mr. Sympson by
deliberately misunderstanding his meaning
scornfully turning the blame back on him
childishly mocking the tone of his comment
lamenting his failure to sympathize with her
justifying her previously sensible behavior
講解：這是一道很是隱晦的修辭手段題。全文就是一個女孩和自己的監(jiān)護人爭吵得過程。他們的矛盾焦點就是這個女孩子是否要嫁給一個自己不喜歡的男孩子的問題。到了第80行左右，兩個人的爭論已經(jīng)到了白熱化。監(jiān)護人警告女孩：你給我小心點兒!但是女孩兒卻十分聰明的把CARE這個詞理解成照顧。所以她說我會小心謹慎的照顧自己的!很顯然，女孩兒時故意錯誤的理解監(jiān)護人的意思使其更加生氣。CARE這個詞的運用其實就是我們修辭手段中的雙關(guān)語。因此答案是A項。
通過上述的幾道真題的講解我想大家對SAT閱讀中的新增題型---修辭手段題有了更近一步的了解。其實，只要我們在考試之前對各種修辭手段有所了解就不會在考試的時候出現(xiàn)無故失分現(xiàn)象。下面我就把幾種重要的修辭手段進行總結(jié)，希望能夠?qū)淇嫉腟AT考生有所幫助。
