大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試四級(jí)聽(tīng)力考前的輔導(dǎo)（2）
B.對(duì)話部分的應(yīng)試技巧
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的對(duì)話內(nèi)容主要是日常生活中的一般交際內(nèi)容，涉及到衣、食、住、行、工作和學(xué)習(xí)等。對(duì)話的題材主要談工作情況、職業(yè)特點(diǎn)、家庭計(jì)劃、行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件背景、人物動(dòng)態(tài)、行動(dòng)意圖等。根據(jù)近年，尤其是2003年6月四級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的試題來(lái)看，聽(tīng)力材料中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)漸趨復(fù)雜，主從復(fù)合句明顯增加，隱含否定題型，言外之意題型和重復(fù)反問(wèn)題型時(shí)有出現(xiàn)，而且語(yǔ)境材料偏長(zhǎng)，信息量大、選項(xiàng)相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)，這就使四級(jí)聽(tīng)力的難度大大增加，考慮到聽(tīng)力測(cè)試命題的這種趨勢(shì)，同學(xué)們更應(yīng)該明確主攻方向，針對(duì)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，做好復(fù)習(xí)備考工作。
1.有關(guān)對(duì)話部分中的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)與表達(dá)方式：
(1)職業(yè)與身份：
a, 教師與學(xué)生
可能的場(chǎng)景：學(xué)生問(wèn)老師問(wèn)題;學(xué)生尋求老師幫助;學(xué)生詢(xún)問(wèn)老師對(duì)作業(yè)的意見(jiàn);老師要求學(xué)生校對(duì)論文打印錯(cuò)誤。
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ)：
textbook, course, subject, homework, assignment, test, quiz, tuition, school record(成績(jī)單),credits(學(xué)分),registration, quit school, term paper, thesis(畢業(yè)論文),band(樂(lè)隊(duì)),Students Union, gymnasium, homecoming(校友聚會(huì)), dormitory, teaching building，do research for ,professor, semester, work as ones teaching assistant, assistance, assist, trouble a professor, may I ask you a few questions, I have a class at ten, come in ones office hours, finish reading ones research report, revise some parts of it, get it published, read some papers he recommended, correct all the typing errors in a paper, read it through again, check the paper for typing errors等。
b, 圖書(shū)館管理員與學(xué)生
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
library, book for reading assignment, magazine, periodical, fiction, reading room, library card, library catalogue(圖書(shū)館的圖書(shū)目錄), loan desk(借書(shū)處), journal, reference book, stacks(書(shū)庫(kù)), shelves, renew, due(到期的), overdue(過(guò)期的),close, open, weekend, weekday, check out, volume two , check for sb., borrow, one the upper shelf, a book hard to identify/ is missing, has been misplaced 等。
c, 營(yíng)業(yè)員與顧客
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
on sale, bargain, price, out of style(老式), fashion, ready-made(成衣), cloth pattern(花紋，圖案),tip, cash or charge(付現(xiàn)金還是記賬),department store, cashier, supermarket, daily necessities, check-out stand(付款柜臺(tái)), receipt, shop assistant, salesman, clerk等。
d，飯店與顧客
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
seasoning(調(diào)味品), menu, wine, drink, food, snack, banquet-tray(餐盤(pán)), paper napkin(紙餐巾), go Dutch(各自付賬)，receptionist, service counter, a single room, a double room, customer, manager, boss, well-done(全熟的), underdone(半熟的)等。
e，醫(yī)生與病人
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
hospital, doctor, nurse, patient, operation, ward, physician, medicine, surgery, hospital registers office(掛號(hào)處), outpatient department(門(mén)診部), emergency department(急診部), to suffer from, to give an infection, to give first-aid treatment(急診)等。
地點(diǎn)與方向
a，Hospital
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
blood pressure, cough, fever, a headache, pills, tablets, take ones temperature, take medicine, patient, doctor, nurse, dentist, a physical examination, physician等。
b，Bank
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
account, bank clerk, current account, check, service charge, cash the cheque, saving/check account等。
c，Hotel
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
hotel, motel, a single/double room, a suite, book a room, check in/out, register, fill in a room, make a reservation, lobby, Room Service, reception, front desk, porter, tip等。?
d, Railway statio
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
train, platform, passenger, check in/out, catch a train, miss a train, fail to catch a train等。?
e, Bus station/sto
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
conductor, passenger, fare, next stop, the terminal station等。
f，Airport or on plane
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
airliner, airlines, land, take off, flight, on board, boarding card, departure, arrival, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safe belt, crew 等。
g, Library
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
librarian, assistant, call number, book, due, overdue, return, renew, borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, fine, fiction, novel, magazine, bookshelf等。
h, Movie/Theatre
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
film, movie, play, show, drama, row, seat, be on , performance, program, Shakespeare, Oscar, ticket, check in, The Twelfth Night等。
i，Store
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
department store, the grocers, drug store, shop, go shopping, market, on sale, sell well, size ,type, fashion, style, color, cost, price, counter, brand, cash, check, assistant, May I help you? What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Here you are. pay, buy, purchase, change, US dollars, Hong Kong dollars, pounds, shelling, penny等。
j，School/University
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
campus, department, dean, college, professor, teacher, student, tutor, lecturer, headmaster, principal, lecture, academic report, textbook, semester, examination, test, lab， required course, elective course, gymnasium, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, grade, bachelors degree, masters degree, doctors degree等。
k，Restaurant
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
make a reservation, order, soft drink, wine, beer, brandy, whisky, dessert, salad, soup, bread, rice, noodle, potato, tomato, beef, meat, pork, chicken, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam, a dish, main food, menu, Help yourself, Im full. cook, delicious, taste, smell, waiter, waitress, pay the bill, cash, go Dutch等。?
l，Post office
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
post, mail, postage, stamp, envelope, parcel, air-mail, EMS, registered mail, transfer, postcard, telegram, fax, cable等。
m, Customs house
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
declare, clear/clearance, tariff, pay duty on, duty free, fill in the form, article, passenger, smuggling/smuggle, drugs, illegal, legal等。
n, Meeting
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
deliver a speech, preside, host, chairman/chairperson, conclude, propose, suggest, for, against, agree, disagree, reinforce, argue, debate, dispute, solution, decide/decision等。
o, Dance party
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
gather, together, DJ, disco, have a ball, dance with, music, band, dancer, singer, May I have the pleasure of next dance?等。
p, Gas station
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
pull in/out, petrol, gasoline, fill in the tank, litre等
q, At home
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
housework, go to bed, retire to bed, housewife, sitting room, bedroom, washing room, do cooking, gardening, take a rest, in the garden等。
r, Court
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
your honor, jury, judge, justice, case, counselor, recess, lawyer, witness, victim, proof, identity, suspicion, to be executed sentence, imprisonment, execution, laws, legal, illegal, defendant, complainant等。
B.對(duì)話部分的應(yīng)試技巧
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的對(duì)話內(nèi)容主要是日常生活中的一般交際內(nèi)容，涉及到衣、食、住、行、工作和學(xué)習(xí)等。對(duì)話的題材主要談工作情況、職業(yè)特點(diǎn)、家庭計(jì)劃、行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件背景、人物動(dòng)態(tài)、行動(dòng)意圖等。根據(jù)近年，尤其是2003年6月四級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的試題來(lái)看，聽(tīng)力材料中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)漸趨復(fù)雜，主從復(fù)合句明顯增加，隱含否定題型，言外之意題型和重復(fù)反問(wèn)題型時(shí)有出現(xiàn)，而且語(yǔ)境材料偏長(zhǎng)，信息量大、選項(xiàng)相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)，這就使四級(jí)聽(tīng)力的難度大大增加，考慮到聽(tīng)力測(cè)試命題的這種趨勢(shì)，同學(xué)們更應(yīng)該明確主攻方向，針對(duì)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，做好復(fù)習(xí)備考工作。
1.有關(guān)對(duì)話部分中的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)與表達(dá)方式：
(1)職業(yè)與身份：
a, 教師與學(xué)生
可能的場(chǎng)景：學(xué)生問(wèn)老師問(wèn)題;學(xué)生尋求老師幫助;學(xué)生詢(xún)問(wèn)老師對(duì)作業(yè)的意見(jiàn);老師要求學(xué)生校對(duì)論文打印錯(cuò)誤。
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ)：
textbook, course, subject, homework, assignment, test, quiz, tuition, school record(成績(jī)單),credits(學(xué)分),registration, quit school, term paper, thesis(畢業(yè)論文),band(樂(lè)隊(duì)),Students Union, gymnasium, homecoming(校友聚會(huì)), dormitory, teaching building，do research for ,professor, semester, work as ones teaching assistant, assistance, assist, trouble a professor, may I ask you a few questions, I have a class at ten, come in ones office hours, finish reading ones research report, revise some parts of it, get it published, read some papers he recommended, correct all the typing errors in a paper, read it through again, check the paper for typing errors等。
b, 圖書(shū)館管理員與學(xué)生
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
library, book for reading assignment, magazine, periodical, fiction, reading room, library card, library catalogue(圖書(shū)館的圖書(shū)目錄), loan desk(借書(shū)處), journal, reference book, stacks(書(shū)庫(kù)), shelves, renew, due(到期的), overdue(過(guò)期的),close, open, weekend, weekday, check out, volume two , check for sb., borrow, one the upper shelf, a book hard to identify/ is missing, has been misplaced 等。
c, 營(yíng)業(yè)員與顧客
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
on sale, bargain, price, out of style(老式), fashion, ready-made(成衣), cloth pattern(花紋，圖案),tip, cash or charge(付現(xiàn)金還是記賬),department store, cashier, supermarket, daily necessities, check-out stand(付款柜臺(tái)), receipt, shop assistant, salesman, clerk等。
d，飯店與顧客
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
seasoning(調(diào)味品), menu, wine, drink, food, snack, banquet-tray(餐盤(pán)), paper napkin(紙餐巾), go Dutch(各自付賬)，receptionist, service counter, a single room, a double room, customer, manager, boss, well-done(全熟的), underdone(半熟的)等。
e，醫(yī)生與病人
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
hospital, doctor, nurse, patient, operation, ward, physician, medicine, surgery, hospital registers office(掛號(hào)處), outpatient department(門(mén)診部), emergency department(急診部), to suffer from, to give an infection, to give first-aid treatment(急診)等。
地點(diǎn)與方向
a，Hospital
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
blood pressure, cough, fever, a headache, pills, tablets, take ones temperature, take medicine, patient, doctor, nurse, dentist, a physical examination, physician等。
b，Bank
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
account, bank clerk, current account, check, service charge, cash the cheque, saving/check account等。
c，Hotel
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
hotel, motel, a single/double room, a suite, book a room, check in/out, register, fill in a room, make a reservation, lobby, Room Service, reception, front desk, porter, tip等。?
d, Railway statio
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
train, platform, passenger, check in/out, catch a train, miss a train, fail to catch a train等。?
e, Bus station/sto
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
conductor, passenger, fare, next stop, the terminal station等。
f，Airport or on plane
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
airliner, airlines, land, take off, flight, on board, boarding card, departure, arrival, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safe belt, crew 等。
g, Library
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
librarian, assistant, call number, book, due, overdue, return, renew, borrow, lend, latest issue, card, catalogue, fine, fiction, novel, magazine, bookshelf等。
h, Movie/Theatre
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
film, movie, play, show, drama, row, seat, be on , performance, program, Shakespeare, Oscar, ticket, check in, The Twelfth Night等。
i，Store
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
department store, the grocers, drug store, shop, go shopping, market, on sale, sell well, size ,type, fashion, style, color, cost, price, counter, brand, cash, check, assistant, May I help you? What can I do for you? How much does it cost? Here you are. pay, buy, purchase, change, US dollars, Hong Kong dollars, pounds, shelling, penny等。
j，School/University
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
campus, department, dean, college, professor, teacher, student, tutor, lecturer, headmaster, principal, lecture, academic report, textbook, semester, examination, test, lab， required course, elective course, gymnasium, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, graduate, post graduate, grade, bachelors degree, masters degree, doctors degree等。
k，Restaurant
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
make a reservation, order, soft drink, wine, beer, brandy, whisky, dessert, salad, soup, bread, rice, noodle, potato, tomato, beef, meat, pork, chicken, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam, a dish, main food, menu, Help yourself, Im full. cook, delicious, taste, smell, waiter, waitress, pay the bill, cash, go Dutch等。?
l，Post office
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
post, mail, postage, stamp, envelope, parcel, air-mail, EMS, registered mail, transfer, postcard, telegram, fax, cable等。
m, Customs house
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
declare, clear/clearance, tariff, pay duty on, duty free, fill in the form, article, passenger, smuggling/smuggle, drugs, illegal, legal等。
n, Meeting
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
deliver a speech, preside, host, chairman/chairperson, conclude, propose, suggest, for, against, agree, disagree, reinforce, argue, debate, dispute, solution, decide/decision等。
o, Dance party
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
gather, together, DJ, disco, have a ball, dance with, music, band, dancer, singer, May I have the pleasure of next dance?等。
p, Gas station
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
pull in/out, petrol, gasoline, fill in the tank, litre等
q, At home
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
housework, go to bed, retire to bed, housewife, sitting room, bedroom, washing room, do cooking, gardening, take a rest, in the garden等。
r, Court
常見(jiàn)詞與短語(yǔ):
your honor, jury, judge, justice, case, counselor, recess, lawyer, witness, victim, proof, identity, suspicion, to be executed sentence, imprisonment, execution, laws, legal, illegal, defendant, complainant等。
