insist后賓語從句中虛擬語氣的適用情況盤點

由雕龍文庫 分享時間：2024-03-27 23:19:14 收藏本文

The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. had done, should be

B. should do, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had beend do, had be

【分析】此題容易誤選B，想當然地認為 insist 后的從句謂語要用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。事實上，insist后的從句謂語是否用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣;若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經發生，或已經成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。對上題而言，坐牢的這個人堅持了兩點：一是沒做錯事，二是應該釋放。很顯然，在坐牢這個人看來，“沒做錯事”應該是事實，故用陳述語氣;“被釋放”還不是事實(因為他還在坐牢)，故用虛擬語氣。所以此題的最佳答案應為A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。(“看信”已成為事實，故用陳述語氣)He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。(“看信”尚未成為事實，故用虛擬語氣)

請再做下面一題：

The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent

B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent

D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

答案選B，因為在說話者看來，“沒病”是事實，故用陳述語氣;“不送醫院”尚未成為現實，故用虛擬語氣。

The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

A. had done, should be

B. should do, should be

C. had done, had been

D. should do, had beend do, had be