2024高考英語考綱解讀及熱點演練：2 冠詞
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設兩空。一般情況下，試題的情景較為曲折，句式以復合句為主。另外，在短文改錯和語法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查?？疾橐c主要包括：
1．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞的使用情況。
3．考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4．考查零冠詞的運用。另外，還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：
(1)單數可數名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；
(2)復數可數名詞及不可數名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；
(3)無論可數名詞還是不可數名詞，表示特指時，其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點，而冠詞的活用仍會成為2024年高考考查的難點。
一定冠詞
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3．用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業成功人士。
三零冠詞
1．用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復數名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識從實踐開始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應該受到尊重。
2．東、西方都有的節日名稱前不用冠詞，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中國的節日一般用定冠詞，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠詞，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名詞前不用冠詞，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語修飾時需加不定冠詞，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示體育運動的名詞前不用冠詞，如：play football/cards/chess等；但樂器名詞前需加定冠詞，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表語、補足語、同位語的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個隊的隊長。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協會會長。
7．用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語的單數名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10．用于某些獨立主格結構中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老師走了進來，手里拿著書。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示計量的名詞前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數名詞，之前不用冠詞，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外，在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結構中，名詞前要用the。
3．用于某些習慣用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些習語中有無冠詞意義完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a；/
B．the；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山東，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a；an
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重慶，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a; an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a； a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a；a
B．a；the
C．the；the
D．a；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；/
D．/；a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數和首提，某個/每個/又一個；
物質名詞具體化，相同還是抽象詞；
三餐四季有修飾，感嘆句中有名單。
?、俜褐傅膯螖悼蓴得~前和首次提到的單數可數名詞前；
?、诒硎居忠粋€，某一個(a second；a certain...)
?、劬唧w化的物質名詞和抽象名詞前(a success，a surprise...)
?、苡行揎椩~的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
?、莞袊@句中有單數可數名詞。(How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－hour traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；
世上獨無二，序數最高級；
某些專有名，習語和樂器。
?、偬刂改承┤嘶蚴挛?；②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已經提到的人或事物；④世界上獨一無二的事物前；⑤序數詞、形容詞的最高級前；⑥某些專有名詞前；⑦一些習慣短語(如in the day等)中和西洋樂器名詞前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．an；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a； /
C．the；a
D．a；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a；/
B．/；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應免冠，代詞限定名詞前：
專有名詞表泛指，學科球類三餐前；
復數名詞表泛指，兩節星期月份前；
顏色語種和國名，稱呼習語及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應對“免冠”的幾種情況，即：
?、倜~前已有作定語的this，that，some，my等限定詞；
?、诜褐傅膶Ｓ忻~和不可數名詞前；
③表示學科的(如English，maths，physics)等名詞前；
④球類運動的名詞前及三餐總稱前；
?、輳蛿得~表示泛指(一類人或事物)時；
?、薰澣铡⒓竟潯⑿瞧?、月份前；
⑦表示顏色(如：It's red/yellow)、語種(如：speak English/Japanese)和國家的非全稱名詞(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．an；/
C．/；the
D．an；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．an；the
D．an；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a
B．a；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a；the
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．an；the
冠詞的考查幾乎每年都有一兩道題，而且基本都設兩空。一般情況下，試題的情景較為曲折，句式以復合句為主。另外，在短文改錯和語法填空中也常常涉及冠詞的考查?？疾橐c主要包括：
1．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。
2．考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級前冠詞的使用情況。
3．考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類指和專指用法。
4．考查零冠詞的運用。另外，還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配。
復習冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：
(1)單數可數名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；
(2)復數可數名詞及不可數名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；
(3)無論可數名詞還是不可數名詞，表示特指時，其前都要加定冠詞the。
2024年高考將繼續把冠詞的基本用法作為考查重點，而冠詞的活用仍會成為2024年高考考查的難點。
一定冠詞
1．表示特指。
Pass me the magazine on the desk.
請把桌上的雜志遞給我。
二不定冠詞
3．用于具體化了的抽象名詞前。
He was a success in business.
他是事業成功人士。
三零冠詞
1．用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復數名詞等之前。
Knowledge begins with practice.
知識從實踐開始。
Teachers should be respected.
教師應該受到尊重。
2．東、西方都有的節日名稱前不用冠詞，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中國的節日一般用定冠詞，如：the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等。
3．月份、日期前一般不用冠詞，如：in October, on March 8等。
4．三餐名詞前不用冠詞，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。
但有定語修飾時需加不定冠詞，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。
5．表示體育運動的名詞前不用冠詞，如：play football/cards/chess等；但樂器名詞前需加定冠詞，如：play the violin/the piano等。
6．用于作表語、補足語、同位語的唯一職位名詞前。
John is captain of the team.
約翰是這個隊的隊長。
They elected him president of the society.
他們選他為協會會長。
7．用于表示“變成”的turn后、作表語的單數名詞前。
He was a teacher before he turned writer.
他成為作家之前是教師。
10．用于某些獨立主格結構中。
The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．
老師走了進來，手里拿著書。
四冠詞在固定搭配中的用法
1．用在表示計量的名詞前，如by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等，但是如果表示單位的名詞為不可數名詞，之前不用冠詞，如by weight, by height等。
2．在句型“動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某部位”中的the不可用人稱代詞替代。
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的手臂
hit sb. in the face 打某人的臉
此外，在be red in the face (臉紅), be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸)等結構中，名詞前要用the。
3．用于某些習慣用法，如have a look, play a trick on, in a hurry, at a loss (茫然，不知所措)等。
4．有些習語中有無冠詞意義完全不同。如：
1．(2024·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's well－being and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.A．the；a
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；the
2．(2024·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A．a；/
B．the；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
【答案】A
3．(2024·山東，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.
A．/；a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；/
4．(2024·江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A．the；a
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；the
5．(2024·浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A．a；an
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．the；an
6．(2024·重慶，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A．a；/
B．the; /
C．the; an
D．a; an
【例1】 We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.
A．a； a
B．a；the
C．the；a
D．the；the
【例2】 It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
A．a；a
B．a；the
C．the；the
D．a；/
【例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all, you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
【例4】 Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；/
D．/；a
不定冠詞的用法
泛指單數和首提，某個/每個/又一個；
物質名詞具體化，相同還是抽象詞；
三餐四季有修飾，感嘆句中有名單。
?、俜褐傅膯螖悼蓴得~前和首次提到的單數可數名詞前；
?、诒硎居忠粋€，某一個(a second；a certain...)
?、劬唧w化的物質名詞和抽象名詞前(a success，a surprise...)
④有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)
⑤感嘆句中有單數可數名詞。(How lovely a girl！)
【例5】 As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
A．the；/
B．/；the
C．the；the
D．/；/
【例6】 —I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－hour traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.
A．a；a
B．the；the
C．/；/
D．/；a
【例7】 What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting.
A．a；/
B．the；/
C．the；an
D．a；the
【例8】 The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.
A．the；the
B．a；a
C．a；the
D．the；a
定冠詞的用法
特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；
世上獨無二，序數最高級；
某些專有名，習語和樂器。
①特指某些人或事物；②談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已經提到的人或事物；④世界上獨一無二的事物前；⑤序數詞、形容詞的最高級前；⑥某些專有名詞前；⑦一些習慣短語(如in the day等)中和西洋樂器名詞前(如：play the piano)
【例】 Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；the
D．/；the
【例】 Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．an；the
D．the；a
【例】 It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.
A．/；a
B．a； /
C．the；a
D．a；the
【例】 Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.
A．a；/
B．/；the
C．a；the
D．/；/
不用冠詞的情況口訣
下列情況應免冠，代詞限定名詞前：
專有名詞表泛指，學科球類三餐前；
復數名詞表泛指，兩節星期月份前；
顏色語種和國名，稱呼習語及頭銜。
以上口訣主要概括了一般應對“免冠”的幾種情況，即：
①名詞前已有作定語的this，that，some，my等限定詞；
?、诜褐傅膶Ｓ忻~和不可數名詞前；
?、郾硎緦W科的(如English，maths，physics)等名詞前；
?、芮蝾愡\動的名詞前及三餐總稱前；
⑤復數名詞表示泛指(一類人或事物)時；
⑥節日、季節、星期、月份前；
?、弑硎绢伾?如：It's red/yellow)、語種(如：speak English/Japanese)和國家的非全稱名詞(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；
1． ________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.A．A；the
B．/；a
C．/；the
D．The，the
2． My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.
A．the；the
B．a；the
C．/；a
D．the；a
3．— How did you do in your essay?
—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.
A．/；a
B．an；/
C．/；the
D．an；a
4．It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.
A．/；/
B．the；/
C．the；a
D．the；the
5．—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.
A．A；a
B．A；the
C．The；a
D．The；/
6．I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.
A．the；a
B．the；the
C．an；the
D．an；a
7． Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A．a；a
B．a；/
C．the；a
D．the；/
8．—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.
—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
9． The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.
A．a；the
B．a；/
C．/；the
D．/；/
10． As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.
A．the；/
B．/；/
C．the；a
D．an；the
