高考英語復習完形填空：考點解析15行文邏輯推理
完形填空突破(九)
——行文邏輯推理題
完形填空中有些答案的四個選項從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結構等角度考慮均行得通,但由于文章是一個完整的統一體,詞、句、段三者存在著內在邏輯關系,因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關的提示或暗示,對文章的情節進行邏輯推理,抓住含有關鍵信息的詞語,理順句子之間的關系,確定正確的答案。
1．運用詞匯復現,輕松選擇判斷
復現有原詞復現、同義詞復現、反義詞復現、同根詞復現、概括詞復現等。完形填空題中,考生可以利用上下文的復現信息,確定正確的表達方式。
(1)原詞復現
為了表達的需求,有時在上下文中同一概念會重復出現。考生可以借助于上下文中的這一信息選擇答案。
(2)同義詞、近義詞、反義詞復現
同義詞、近義詞和反義詞復現是借助意思相同、相近或相反的表達方式,或解釋性的語言使上下文語意得以連貫起來。做完形填空時,考生應注意分析上下文中出現的解釋性語言。
(3)同源詞復現
另外,考生還可借助復現的同源詞來確定答案。
典例
The next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫師),thanked her by granting (允準) her26
that anyone who climbed up her tree
27
not be able to come back down until she
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it.
When the children came back to steal her
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,she had them stuck on the tree.They had to beg her long
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she gave the tree permission to let
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go.Aunty Misery was free from the
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at last.
(2008·陜西)
28．A.permittedB．promisedC．answered D．declared
答案 A
解析 本題屬于同源詞復現類試題,根據上下文,下一段中出現了permission,即permit的名詞形式,結合語境,應選A項。此處意為“沒有她的允許不能下來”。
2．高屋建瓴,把握主旨
完形填空是考查綜合運用英語知識能力的試題。它主要考查考生對上下文的理解和邏輯判斷能力,而通常利用文章的首句,就能抓住文章的主旨文意并在主旨文意的引導下進行合乎邏輯的判斷推理,從而正確推斷出文章的隱匿信息。
典例
On the road of life,the help of strangers can
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our loads and lift our spirits.How much sweeter the
55
will be when we make it a little smoother for others！(2008·重慶)
54．A.move
B．increaseC．lighten D．carry
55．A.worldB．journeyC．smileD．friendship
答案 54.C 55.B
解析 54.本句是對全文的概括。句意為：在人生的道路上,來自陌生人的幫助可以減輕我們的負擔,振奮我們的精神。move移動；increase增加；lighten減輕；carry攜帶。
55．選文原文通過作者在公共汽車上親眼目睹的一件事說明在人生旅程中給別人一點幫助能使世界更加美好。這一段點明了文章主題：假如我們都能為別人做一點善事,那么人生的旅程(journey)就會美好得多。1
We recently treated our now-adult son and his girlfriend to a seafood feast,near Cocoa Beach,Florida.Our server,a grandmotherly woman skilled in the art of 1 ,flew around the 2 juggling dishes and drinks while treating customers as individuals.She remembered their 3 tastes,likes and dislikes—all of which she’d learned after only the briefest 4 .
At the end of the meal,she presented the bill,and then went to 5
the growing crowd of other dinners.My husband 6 with a credit card,added her 7 ,and we were off.
“Mr. Goldsmith！” our waitress ran out of the dinning room waving a receipt at him,“Thank you.”
He looked at her as though he didn’t 8 .We’ve all seen that universal 9 of confusion—eyebrows drawn together and head cocked to one side.
“What did you give her？” I asked in a stage whisper,
10
if he had done something
11
or made a calculation error.
“Wow,Dad,” our son said,
12
like an awestruck 10-year-old.“I’ve never seen a waitress
13
anyone out of the restaurant to say‘thank you’for the tip.”
“She gave us great service.I just thought she deserved a little more
14
what I usually give.”
It wasn’t until later,when I accidentally heard our
15
retelling the story of the
16
waitress,that I realized she had given my family something
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a “thank you”．She showed our son the importance of
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hard work and the rewarding sound of “thank you”．Her show of thanks helped a dad earn a bit more
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from a loving son.And it reminded me just why I
20
this thoughtful,caring man.
1．A.painting B．smiling
C．cooking
D．serving
答案 D
解析 根據前面的server一詞可知,這里指這個人有很好的服務藝術。
2．A.restaurant
B．beachC．corner
D．streets
答案 A
解析 講述的是餐館里面發生的事情,其他選項都不合語境。
3．A.common
B．specialC．considerable D．delicious
答案 B
解析 special特別的,此處表達的意思為她記得客人們的特殊口味等。其他選項不合題意。
4．A.arguments B．discussionsC．conversations D．debates
答案 C
解析 briefest conversations意思是“最簡短的對話”,即她通過與客人之間最簡短的對話,便知道了他們的特殊口味,他們喜歡什么,不喜歡什么。
5．A.attend toB．look forC．care for
D．find out
答案 A
解析 attend to照顧；接待,符合題意。
6．A.paid B．called
C．carried
D．pushed
答案 A
解析 paid with a credit card指用信用卡付賬。
7．A.advice
B．suggestionsC．tip D．prize
答案 C
解析 tip指“小費”。即用信用卡付賬后,又付她小費。
8．A.doubt B．enjoyC．happen
D．understand
答案 D
解析 根據下文內容可知,當作者的丈夫給了小費之后,服務員追出來說感謝的話,這是很不常見的事情,所以他們感到很奇怪,不了解為什么會這樣。
9．A.feeling
B．look
C．attitudeD．tension
答案 B
解析 look指“表情”,即臉上露出的不理解的表情。
10．A.thinking
B．hopingC．wondering
D．expecting
答案 C
解析 作者感到疑惑,丈夫到底給了那個服務員什么東西,使得她跑出來向他表示感謝,是他做了什么不合常理的事情還是算錯了賬呢？所以C項符合題意。
11．A.unreasonableB．appropriateC．unfair
D．helpful
答案 A
解析 見上一題解析。
12．A.looking
B．soundingC．doing
D．imagining
答案 B
解析 這里是在說作者兒子的聲音,因此用sounding like,即“聽起來像……”。
13．A.help
B．keep
C．drive
D．follow
答案 D
解析 follow表示“跟隨,追隨”。句意為：我從來沒有看到過有服務員追出飯店,向客人感謝給她小費。
14．A.except
B．below
C．above
D．within
答案 C
解析 above表示“超過”。句意為：她給了我們非常好的服務,所以我認為她應該得到比正常要多一點的報酬。
15．A.son
B．friend
C．colleague
D．parent
答案 A
解析 根據文章最后一段內容可知,作者的兒子從那位服務員身上學到了很多東西。而這些都是從兒子說的話里面感覺到的,因此,這里選son,即她的兒子在陳述當時的情景。16．A.excellent
B．skilledC．generous
D．grateful
答案 D
解析 grateful感激的,符合原文內容,即上文提到的那位對作者的丈夫表示感謝的女服務員。
17．A.rather than
B．more thanC．less than
D．no more than
答案 B
解析 句意為：那位服務員給我們家的不僅僅是簡單的一句感謝,而是更多的東西。
18．A.devoting B．rememberingC．acknowledging D．ignoring
答案 C
解析 根據上下文內容可知,顯然只有C項符合語境,即他們的兒子知道了承認辛勤勞動的重要性。
19．A.respect
B．sympathyC．thanks
D．satisfactory
答案 A
解析 孩子因為這件事而更加尊重自己的父親了。
20．A.trained
B．refused
C．left D．married
答案 D
解析 結合文章內容及所提供的選項,可知選D項。2
(2009·天津)The first time I remember noticing the crossing guard was when he waved to me as I drove my son to school.He 1 me with a puzzle—all because he waved to me like someone does
2 seeing a close friend.A big, 3 smile accompanied his wave.For the next few days I tried to 4 his face to see if I knew him.I didn’t.Perhaps he had 5 me for someone else.By the time I contented myself with the
6
that he and I were strangers,we were greeting each other warmly every morning like old friends.
Then one day the
7
was solved.As I
8
the school he was standing in the middle of the road
9
his stop sign.I was in line behind four cars.
10
the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,he lowered his sign and let the cars
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.To the first he waved and
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in just the same way he had done to me over the last few days.The kids already had the window down and were happily waving their reply.The second car got the same
13
from the crossing guard,and the driver,a stiff-looking(表情刻板的) businessman,gave a brief,almost
14
wave back.Each following car of kids on their way to school
15
more heartily.
Every morning I continued to watch the man with
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.So far I haven’t seen anyone
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to wave back.I find it interesting that one person can make such a(n)
18
to so many people’s lives by doing one simple thing like waving and smiling warmly.His
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warmed the start of my day.With a friendly wave and smiling face he had changed the
20
of the whole neighborhood.
1．A.hit
B．disappointedC．presented
D．bored
答案 C
解析 present sb.with sth.使某人經歷某事；把……交給某人。此處指作者第一次遇見那位交警時他就像老朋友那樣向“我”揮手,這使得作者感到迷惑不解。
2．A.on
B．fromC．during
D．about
答案 A
解析 on doing sth.一……就……。
3．A.false B．shyC．apologetic
D．bright
答案 D
解析 空格處的形容詞應與big一致,bright燦爛的。句意為：他向我揮手,帶著滿臉燦爛的笑容。
4．A.research B．studyC．recognize
D．explore
答案 B
解析 study one’s face仔細端詳某人的臉。study審視,端詳,符合語境。research調查,研究；recognize認出；explore探索。
5．A.praised B．blamedC．mistaken
D．respected
答案 C
解析 mistake sb.for...把某人誤認為……,符合上下文語境。praise表揚；blame責備；respect尊重。
6．A.conclusion B．descriptionC．evaluation
D．introduction
答案 A
解析 由上文內容可知,作者不認識他,因此,得出這一“結論”：他們僅是陌生人。that引導同位語從句,補充說明conclusion的內容。
7．A.argumentB．disagreementC．mystery D．task
答案 C
解析 陌生人之間竟能如此熱情地打招呼,這一“謎團”有一天終于被解開了。ystery
神秘的事,謎團。
8．A.visited B．approachedC．passed
D．left
答案 B
解析 visit參觀,訪問,拜訪；approach靠近,接近；pass經過；leave離開。由下文中的“...the kids had reached the safety of the sidewalk,...”可知,作者是送孩子去學校,但是還未到學校。
9．A.drawing back B．putting onC．handing in
D．holding out
答案 D
解析 draw back退后；put on張貼；hand in上交；hold out伸出；舉起。由下句中的lowered his sign可知應選held out。
10．A.Once
B．Before
C．Unless
D．While
答案 A
解析 once一旦；當……的時候。
11．A.in
B．through C．out
D．down
答案 B
解析 through此處為副詞,意為“通過”。
12．A.criedB．cheeredC．smiled D．gestured
答案 C
解析 in just the same way he had done to me用他和我打招呼時完全相同的方法,由此可知,交警應該邊揮手邊微笑著向司機打招呼。
13．A.idea
B．replyC．noticeD．greeting
答案 D
解析 交警的這一做法是向司機打“招呼”。
