2024英語考前沖刺Ⅰ專題15 非謂語動詞
1. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011·湖南卷21)
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
【解析】選C。主語the ability 為“能力”，抽象名詞。通常使用動詞不定式作定語。句意：表達思想的能力與思想本身同等重要。我們也可以聯(lián)想到be able to do “能夠干”而得出答案。
2. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011·湖南卷23)
A. selecting
B. to select
C. selected
D. having selected
【解析】選C。select 與the players 間有動賓關系。因此select用過去分詞形式表被動動作由句子主語發(fā)出時，非謂語動詞用主動形式；當非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受時，用過去分詞或不定式、動詞的-ing形式的被動形式。
3. “代詞主格或名詞的普通格 ＋ 非謂語動詞”構成獨立主格結構。非謂語動詞邏輯主語為代詞或名詞。
4．動名詞復合結構由“物主代詞或名詞所有格＋動名詞”構成獨立主格結構。這種結構既可用作主語，也可用作賓語，但作賓語時，還可用代詞賓格或名詞普通格＋動名詞結構。
5．不定式的復合結構：for sb. to do sth.。
考點2.獨立成分作狀語
______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.
A. Telling; going
B. To tell; going
C. Telling; to go
D. To tell; to go
【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語。
例2：The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. (2011·新課標卷27)
A. rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
【解析】選B。句意：他接下來看見的事是從房子后面正冒著煙。現(xiàn)在分詞rising表動作正在進行，和修飾詞smoke間有主謂關系。rising from behind the house現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。
動詞不定式一般表示在謂語動作之后的事情，要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用不定式的完成式；動詞的-ing形式一般表示與謂語動詞動作同時進行的動作，若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用動詞的-ing形式的完成式。
考點4.非謂語動詞的句法功能
1. 作主語、表語：
動名詞表示一般性、經常性的動作。不定式表示一次性的動作。動名詞、不定式作主語常用it作其形式主語，但no use, no good作表語時，真正主語常用動名詞。
2. 作賓語：
(1)有些動詞只跟動名詞作賓語
常用的這類動詞有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。
(2)有些動詞只跟不定式作賓語
常用的這類動詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下來做另一件不同的事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做剛做的事
go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
can't help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事
3. 作賓語補足語：例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams. (2011·重慶卷33)
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
D. remind
【解析】選C。keep himself reminded of his own dreams(姚明的圖片)使他想起自己的夢想。過去分詞 reminded作賓補。
例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. (2011·浙江卷14)
A. lose
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
4. 作定語：
例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011·江西卷32)
A. says
B. said
C. saying
D. to say
【解析】選C。saying作后置定語修飾a phone call from his wife來自他妻子的一個電話說。
4. 作定語：
例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011·福建卷23)
A. found
B. founding
C. founded
D. to be founded
【解析】選C。過去分詞founded(成立于)作非限制性定語修飾Tsinghua University(清華大學)。
(1) 注意非謂語動詞的形式，不定式作定語一般用主動式，只有當不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時，才用被動式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動意義，動作正在進行；過去分詞一般表示被動、完成含義。
(2) 非謂語動詞的位置：非謂語動詞短語作定語時，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個的動詞的-ing形式或過去分詞作定語時，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。
不及物動詞的不定式作定語，與修飾的名詞構成動賓關系時，不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。
1. 動詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作賓補時，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式的to不能省略。
2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后須跟省to的不定式。
3.
介詞but, except等前若有行為動詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語；若沒有行為動詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。
4.
不定式作表語時，若主語中有行為動詞do 的某一形式時，不定式的to可有可無。
例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting unfinished.
A. of
B. from
C. out
D. with
【解析】選D。本題考查with復合結構充當狀語的用法，不是詞組die of…， die from…和die out。
with復合結構
例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped
4. “with+名詞/代詞+名詞”。
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.
5. “with+名詞/代詞+done”。在此結構中，過去分詞和賓語是被動關系，表示動作已經完成。
With the problem solved, he went out to play.
6. “with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞”。此結構強調名詞是-ing分詞的動作的發(fā)出者或某動作、狀態(tài)正在進行。
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
7. “with+賓語+to do”。此結構中，不定式和賓語是被動關系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。
With nothing to do, I'll go out for a walk in the park.
1. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011·湖南卷21)
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
【解析】選C。主語the ability 為“能力”，抽象名詞。通常使用動詞不定式作定語。句意：表達思想的能力與思想本身同等重要。我們也可以聯(lián)想到be able to do “能夠干”而得出答案。
2. The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. (2011·湖南卷23)
A. selecting
B. to select
C. selected
D. having selected
【解析】選C。select 與the players 間有動賓關系。因此select用過去分詞形式表被動動作由句子主語發(fā)出時，非謂語動詞用主動形式；當非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受時，用過去分詞或不定式、動詞的-ing形式的被動形式。
3. “代詞主格或名詞的普通格 ＋ 非謂語動詞”構成獨立主格結構。非謂語動詞邏輯主語為代詞或名詞。
4．動名詞復合結構由“物主代詞或名詞所有格＋動名詞”構成獨立主格結構。這種結構既可用作主語，也可用作賓語，但作賓語時，還可用代詞賓格或名詞普通格＋動名詞結構。
5．不定式的復合結構：for sb. to do sth.。
考點2.獨立成分作狀語
______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.
A. Telling; going
B. To tell; going
C. Telling; to go
D. To tell; to go
【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語。
例2：The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house. (2011·新課標卷27)
A. rose
B. rising
C. to rise
D. risen
【解析】選B。句意：他接下來看見的事是從房子后面正冒著煙。現(xiàn)在分詞rising表動作正在進行，和修飾詞smoke間有主謂關系。rising from behind the house現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。
動詞不定式一般表示在謂語動作之后的事情，要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用不定式的完成式；動詞的-ing形式一般表示與謂語動詞動作同時進行的動作，若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用動詞的-ing形式的完成式。
考點4.非謂語動詞的句法功能
1. 作主語、表語：
動名詞表示一般性、經常性的動作。不定式表示一次性的動作。動名詞、不定式作主語常用it作其形式主語，但no use, no good作表語時，真正主語常用動名詞。
2. 作賓語：
(1)有些動詞只跟動名詞作賓語
常用的這類動詞有： mind, finish, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。
(2)有些動詞只跟不定式作賓語
常用的這類動詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下來做另一件不同的事
mean doing sth. 意味著做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做剛做的事
go on to do sth. 繼續(xù)做另一件事
can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
can't help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事
3. 作賓語補足語：例1： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams. (2011·重慶卷33)
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
D. remind
【解析】選C。keep himself reminded of his own dreams(姚明的圖片)使他想起自己的夢想。過去分詞 reminded作賓補。
例2： Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words. (2011·浙江卷14)
A. lose
B. lost
C. to lose
D. having lost
4. 作定語：
例1：On receiving a phone call from his wife ______ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.(2011·江西卷32)
A. says
B. said
C. saying
D. to say
【解析】選C。saying作后置定語修飾a phone call from his wife來自他妻子的一個電話說。
4. 作定語：
例2：Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011·福建卷23)
A. found
B. founding
C. founded
D. to be founded
【解析】選C。過去分詞founded(成立于)作非限制性定語修飾Tsinghua University(清華大學)。
(1) 注意非謂語動詞的形式，不定式作定語一般用主動式，只有當不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時，才用被動式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動意義，動作正在進行；過去分詞一般表示被動、完成含義。
(2) 非謂語動詞的位置：非謂語動詞短語作定語時，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個的動詞的-ing形式或過去分詞作定語時，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。
不及物動詞的不定式作定語，與修飾的名詞構成動賓關系時，不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。
1. 動詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make 接不定式作賓補時，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式的to不能省略。
2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后須跟省to的不定式。
3.
介詞but, except等前若有行為動詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語；若沒有行為動詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。
4.
不定式作表語時，若主語中有行為動詞do 的某一形式時，不定式的to可有可無。
例1： It was a pity that the famous painter died ______ his painting unfinished.
A. of
B. from
C. out
D. with
【解析】選D。本題考查with復合結構充當狀語的用法，不是詞組die of…， die from…和die out。
with復合結構
例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped
4. “with+名詞/代詞+名詞”。
He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.
5. “with+名詞/代詞+done”。在此結構中，過去分詞和賓語是被動關系，表示動作已經完成。
With the problem solved, he went out to play.
6. “with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞”。此結構強調名詞是-ing分詞的動作的發(fā)出者或某動作、狀態(tài)正在進行。
He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
7. “with+賓語+to do”。此結構中，不定式和賓語是被動關系，表示尚未發(fā)生的動作。
With nothing to do, I'll go out for a walk in the park.
