探討雅思閱讀判斷題的標準

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探討雅思閱讀判斷題的標準

　　雅思學術類考試作為準備出國學習的一項成績，在很多學子的出國路上造成了不小的障礙。而閱讀部分一大難點是其變化多端、紛繁復雜的題型。這些題型粗粗的算來可以分為九大類：標題對應題、真假判斷題、總結題、簡答題、句子完成題、圖表填空題、配對題、選擇題、流程圖題。在這些題型當中，真假判斷題占到了將近50%。所以判斷題做得好壞直接決定了考生在閱讀上的成績。

　　在是非無判斷題的考試中,考生要對試卷上所列出的一系列命題進行判斷。如果這些陳述句是反映觀點或者態度的，那么考生的任務就是判斷這些句子是否和作者的觀點一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是YES,NO或者是NOT GIVEN。如果這些陳述句表述的內容是有關事實信息,那么考生就要判斷這些句子是否和文中的信息一致。在這種情況下,答案的選擇是TRUE,FALSE或者是NOT GIVEN。這里要特別說明的是在考試中YES,NO,NOT GIVEN和TRUE,FALSE,NOT GIVEN只是考試形式的區別,在判斷方式上并沒有本質區別。

　　那么，我們需要拿什么標準來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現在有很多不同的說法，在多年的教學經驗的基礎上，我總結出了這樣的標準：

　　TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。

　　FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。

　　NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下，至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。

　　用表格的形式表述如下：

　　下面結合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標準。

　　首先來解釋TRUE/YES的標準：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。從表述中可以看出，正確的標準是唯一性的，只有在全部考點都正確的情況下，該命題才能被判斷為TRUE/YES。

　　Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.

　　原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science.

　　分析：此題答案為TRUE。從兩個句子表達中不難看出，兩句話都是針對children這同一對象，并且在觀點陳述中hold對應harbour都作動詞，表示包含，擁有, mistaken views對應misconceptions,表示錯誤的概念， that they study at school對應curriculum science，在這里curriculum做名詞，表示學校課程的意思。

　　題干：The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.

　　原文：These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification,

　　分析：雖然原文是一個長難句，但從表達意思的主體上來看并沒有太大的改變。childrens ideas about science對應these misconceptions，都指的兒童對于科學的認識，只不過文章中表達為錯誤的概念，form part of a larger framework of ideas對應do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework，都表達了兒童的觀點形成了一個大的框架的觀點，區別就在于文章對這個框架作了一些詳細的描述，means that it is easier to change them對應making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification，在這里，考點的對應集中在了easier 正好對應了文章中的more accessible, to change them對應了modification.

　　題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests.

　　原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest...

　　分析：在這里，關鍵的考點對應集中在了follows on from對應了consistent，都表示一致的意思，a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests對應了our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest，同樣表示了之前已經研究過的兒童對于熱帶雨林的觀點。

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.

　　原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest

　　分析：題干中表達the children have to pay back... more money than they borrowed對應文章中All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans，全部計劃都要收利息，所以兒童必須還錢，并且有了利息的存在，所以兒童要還比他借的錢多的一部分的錢;并且，slightly對應了modest, generally the rates have been modest，利率不多，并且比銀行的要低，所以只高出了一點點。

　　Academic Test 4

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.

　　原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......

　　分析：about 1900對應the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對應when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records

　　題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.

　　原文：Over the past century,...but with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes-----it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.

　　分析：The growing international importance of athletics對應with increasing global participation in athletic-----and greater rewards to tempt athletes, gifted athletes對應individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance，recognised at a younger age對應more likely...can be identified early.

　　從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達無一例外的都和文章中的考點表達存在一一對應的關系。

　　接下來，來看看FALSE / NO的判斷標準：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。無論其他的考點是什么結論，只需要其中有一個考點是錯誤的，那么這個命題的答案就是錯誤的。

　　那么，我們需要拿什么標準來判斷我們的命題是否正確呢?現在有很多不同的說法，在多年的教學經驗的基礎上，我總結出了這樣的標準：

　　TRUE或YES：所需判斷的陳述句中所有的考點詞匯和原文中的表達完全對應。

　　FALSE或NO：所需判斷的陳述句中至少有一個考點詞匯和原文中的表達想矛盾。

　　NOT GIVEN：所需判斷的陳述句中在沒有錯誤的前提之下，至少有一個考點詞匯文章沒有提到相關內容。

　　用表格的形式表述如下：

　　下面結合劍橋雅思4上面的具體題目來講解一下我的判斷標準。

　　Academic Test 1

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school.

　　原文：Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science, curriculum science.

　　題干：The fact that childrens ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.

　　題干：The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at childrens understanding of rainforests.

　　原文：These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils views about the use and conservation of rainforest...

　　Academic Test 3

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.

　　原文：All S.K.I programs have charged interest on the loans...generally the rates have been modest

　　Academic Test 4

　　Reading Passage 1

　　題干：Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.

　　原文：Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records......

　　分析：about 1900對應the early years of the twentieth century，Modern official athletic records date from對應when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records

　　題干：The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognised at a younger age.

　　從這些例子中可以看出，所有被判斷為正確的陳述表達無一例外的都和文章中的考點表達存在一一對應的關系。