雅思口語(yǔ)素材：古希臘12主神介紹

　　下面雅思為大家整理介紹古希臘神話中的十二主神，烤鴨們可以對(duì)這十二主神和他們的故事有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的了解，在雅思口語(yǔ)考試中也許能用得上哦。

　　古希臘神話有新舊兩部神譜，十二諸神是新神譜系的十二位神仙，雷神宙斯、天后赫拉、海皇波塞冬、火焰女神赫斯提亞、大地女神德墨忒爾、美神阿弗洛迪斯、太陽(yáng)神阿波羅、女戰(zhàn)神雅典娜、戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯、月神阿爾特彌斯、眾神使者赫爾墨斯、工神赫菲斯托斯。十二個(gè)主神都有鮮明的性格與七情六欲，具有人的性格和情緒，具有超人的特殊本領(lǐng)。

　　雅典娜Athena

　　雅典娜是希臘奧林匹斯十二主神之一，也是奧林匹斯三處女神之一，羅馬名字彌涅耳瓦、密涅瓦。在遠(yuǎn)古的神話中，雅典娜是一位女天神，烏云和雷電的主宰者，豐產(chǎn)女神，和平勞動(dòng)的庇護(hù)者，女戰(zhàn)神。她教會(huì)人們馴養(yǎng)牛馬、制造車船;她賜予世人犁和耙、紡錘和織布機(jī)，因此被認(rèn)為是婦女勞動(dòng)，尤其是織布技術(shù)的保護(hù)者。她有一個(gè)別名叫厄耳伽涅，意思是女工。她又是科學(xué)的庇護(hù)者、智慧女神;她賜予人間法律，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序。

　　In Greek religion and mythology, Athena or Athene , also referred to as Pallas Athena/Athene , is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill. Minerva, Athenas Roman incarnation, embodies similar attributes.

　　Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and is the goddess of heroic endeavour. She is the virginpatroness of Athens. The Athenians founded the Parthenon on the Acropolis of her namesake city, Athens , in her honour.

　　Athenas veneration as the patron of Athens seems to have existed from the earliest times, and was so persistent that archaic myths about her were recast to adapt to cultural changes. In her role as a protector of the city , many people throughout the Greek world worshiped Athena as Athena Polias . The city of Athens and the goddess Athena essentially bear the same name,Athenai meaning Athenas.

　　Birth

　　The Olympian version

　　Although Athena appears before Zeus at Knossos in Linear B, as a-ta-na po-ti-ni-ja, Mistress Athenain the Classical Olympian pantheon, Athena was remade as the favorite daughter of Zeus, born fully armed from his forehead. The story of her birth comes in several versions. In the one most commonly cited, Zeus lay with Metis, the goddess of crafty thought and wisdom, but he immediately feared the consequences. It had been prophesied that Metis would bear children more powerful than the sire, even Zeus himself. In order to forestall these dire consequences, after lying with Metis, Zeus put her away inside his own belly; he swallowed her down all of a sudden. He was too late: Metis had already conceived.

　　Eventually Zeus experienced an enormous headache; Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, Ares, or Palaemon cleaved Zeuss head with the double-headed Minoan axe, the labrys. Athena leaped from Zeuss head, fully grown and armed, with a shout and pealed to the broad sky her clarion cry of war. And Ouranos trembled to hear, and Mother Gaia... . Plato, in the Laws, attributes the cult of Athena to the culture of Crete, introduced, he thought, from Libya during the dawn of Greek culture.

　　Classical myths thereafter note that Hera was so annoyed at Zeus for having produced a child that she conceived and boreHephaestus by herself.

　　Plato, in Cratylus gave the etymology of her name as signifying the mind of god, theou noesis. The Christian apologist of the 2nd century Justin Martyr takes issue with those pagans who erect at springs images of Kore, whom he interprets as Athena:

　　They said that Athena was the daughter of Zeus not from intercourse, but when the god had in mind the making of a world through a word his first thought was Athena

　　下面雅思為大家整理介紹古希臘神話中的十二主神，烤鴨們可以對(duì)這十二主神和他們的故事有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的了解，在雅思口語(yǔ)考試中也許能用得上哦。

　　古希臘神話有新舊兩部神譜，十二諸神是新神譜系的十二位神仙，雷神宙斯、天后赫拉、海皇波塞冬、火焰女神赫斯提亞、大地女神德墨忒爾、美神阿弗洛迪斯、太陽(yáng)神阿波羅、女戰(zhàn)神雅典娜、戰(zhàn)神阿瑞斯、月神阿爾特彌斯、眾神使者赫爾墨斯、工神赫菲斯托斯。十二個(gè)主神都有鮮明的性格與七情六欲，具有人的性格和情緒，具有超人的特殊本領(lǐng)。

　　雅典娜Athena

　　雅典娜是希臘奧林匹斯十二主神之一，也是奧林匹斯三處女神之一，羅馬名字彌涅耳瓦、密涅瓦。在遠(yuǎn)古的神話中，雅典娜是一位女天神，烏云和雷電的主宰者，豐產(chǎn)女神，和平勞動(dòng)的庇護(hù)者，女戰(zhàn)神。她教會(huì)人們馴養(yǎng)牛馬、制造車船;她賜予世人犁和耙、紡錘和織布機(jī)，因此被認(rèn)為是婦女勞動(dòng)，尤其是織布技術(shù)的保護(hù)者。她有一個(gè)別名叫厄耳伽涅，意思是女工。她又是科學(xué)的庇護(hù)者、智慧女神;她賜予人間法律，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序。

　　In Greek religion and mythology, Athena or Athene , also referred to as Pallas Athena/Athene , is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill. Minerva, Athenas Roman incarnation, embodies similar attributes.

　　Athena is also a shrewd companion of heroes and is the goddess of heroic endeavour. She is the virginpatroness of Athens. The Athenians founded the Parthenon on the Acropolis of her namesake city, Athens , in her honour.

　　Athenas veneration as the patron of Athens seems to have existed from the earliest times, and was so persistent that archaic myths about her were recast to adapt to cultural changes. In her role as a protector of the city , many people throughout the Greek world worshiped Athena as Athena Polias . The city of Athens and the goddess Athena essentially bear the same name,Athenai meaning Athenas.

　　Birth

　　The Olympian version

　　Although Athena appears before Zeus at Knossos in Linear B, as a-ta-na po-ti-ni-ja, Mistress Athenain the Classical Olympian pantheon, Athena was remade as the favorite daughter of Zeus, born fully armed from his forehead. The story of her birth comes in several versions. In the one most commonly cited, Zeus lay with Metis, the goddess of crafty thought and wisdom, but he immediately feared the consequences. It had been prophesied that Metis would bear children more powerful than the sire, even Zeus himself. In order to forestall these dire consequences, after lying with Metis, Zeus put her away inside his own belly; he swallowed her down all of a sudden. He was too late: Metis had already conceived.

　　Eventually Zeus experienced an enormous headache; Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, Ares, or Palaemon cleaved Zeuss head with the double-headed Minoan axe, the labrys. Athena leaped from Zeuss head, fully grown and armed, with a shout and pealed to the broad sky her clarion cry of war. And Ouranos trembled to hear, and Mother Gaia... . Plato, in the Laws, attributes the cult of Athena to the culture of Crete, introduced, he thought, from Libya during the dawn of Greek culture.

　　Classical myths thereafter note that Hera was so annoyed at Zeus for having produced a child that she conceived and boreHephaestus by herself.

　　Plato, in Cratylus gave the etymology of her name as signifying the mind of god, theou noesis. The Christian apologist of the 2nd century Justin Martyr takes issue with those pagans who erect at springs images of Kore, whom he interprets as Athena:

　　They said that Athena was the daughter of Zeus not from intercourse, but when the god had in mind the making of a world through a word his first thought was Athena