高考英語(yǔ)寫作提高關(guān)鍵：善用句型語(yǔ)法和詞匯
很多考生在面對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)作文部分時(shí)往往覺(jué)得無(wú)從下手，只能機(jī)械地寫出幾個(gè)連自己都覺(jué)得太平淡的簡(jiǎn)單句因此造成較多失分。其原因很明顯：首先，在聽說(shuō)讀寫四項(xiàng)技能中，寫作無(wú)疑是難度最大的一項(xiàng)。其次，大家平時(shí)最容易忽視的，最缺乏練習(xí)的就是寫作。
然而，高考寫作是有規(guī)律可循的。通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，考生們完全可以在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得較大的提高，這在新東方的課堂是屢見不鮮的。
高考作文采用總體評(píng)分方式，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集中在四個(gè)方面：
1.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；
2.應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；
3.在使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級(jí)詞匯時(shí)允許有些許錯(cuò)誤；
4.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。
大部分考生在句型詞匯及句子連接方面達(dá)不到要求，導(dǎo)致低分。本文以2001年考題為例，談一談如何運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
2001年考題：
假設(shè)你是李華,你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽說(shuō)中國(guó)的中小學(xué)正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān), 來(lái)信詢問(wèn)有關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫一封回信，談一談減負(fù)給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來(lái)的變化。
周末活動(dòng) （減負(fù)前） 周末活動(dòng)：（減負(fù)后）
白天： 上課，做作業(yè) 白天： 餐館博物館，學(xué)習(xí)電腦，繪畫
晚上： 做作業(yè) 晚上： 看資訊，讀書，看報(bào)
就寢時(shí)間： 11：30 就寢時(shí)間： 10：00
注意：
1．詞數(shù)為100左右
2．開頭已為你寫好
3．生詞： 減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)reduce learning load
Dear Dick，
How nice to hear from you again.
當(dāng)年大部分考生只是對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，導(dǎo)致文章異常單調(diào)、重復(fù)，分?jǐn)?shù)很不理想。如何才能在簡(jiǎn)單的內(nèi)容上運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型詞匯呢？考生在寫減負(fù)前的情況時(shí)只會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地寫: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:30. 這無(wú)異于簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械地翻譯中文！得分可想而知！
其實(shí)考生完全可以使用學(xué)過(guò)的比較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如我們可以使用tooto句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我們也可以使用定語(yǔ)從句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我們還可以使用倒裝句：Not until 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我們甚至還可以使用擬人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework.
由此讀者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就應(yīng)該是有意識(shí)地，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂帽容^復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法和詞匯。讀者應(yīng)先培養(yǎng)這種意識(shí)，然后進(jìn)行大量練習(xí)。下面的練習(xí)重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練的就是句型詞匯和有效連接，請(qǐng)讀者不要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，而是通讀上下文，盡量多地使用復(fù)雜多樣的句型詞匯。
根據(jù)2001年考題填空。
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again.
1.過(guò)去______________, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.
2.連接詞______________, nowadays, I have more time做我想做的_______________________________________________________________.
周末變得更加豐富多彩了_________________________________________________________________.
3.白天___________________________, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫____________________________________________________.
使用擬人句_________________________________________________________________.
4.In the evening,使用eitheror句型_________________________________________________________________.
5.而且________________________________________________, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.
6.發(fā)揮一句I hope __________________________________________________________________.
參考答案：
1．過(guò)去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.
2．連接詞Fortunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加豐富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .
3．白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫learn computer and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.
使用擬人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.
4.In the evening, 使用eitheror句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.
5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.
6.發(fā)揮一句I hope things wont have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now.
很多考生在面對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)作文部分時(shí)往往覺(jué)得無(wú)從下手，只能機(jī)械地寫出幾個(gè)連自己都覺(jué)得太平淡的簡(jiǎn)單句因此造成較多失分。其原因很明顯：首先，在聽說(shuō)讀寫四項(xiàng)技能中，寫作無(wú)疑是難度最大的一項(xiàng)。其次，大家平時(shí)最容易忽視的，最缺乏練習(xí)的就是寫作。
然而，高考寫作是有規(guī)律可循的。通過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)木毩?xí)，考生們完全可以在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)取得較大的提高，這在新東方的課堂是屢見不鮮的。
高考作文采用總體評(píng)分方式，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集中在四個(gè)方面：
1.覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；
2.應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯；
3.在使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或高級(jí)詞匯時(shí)允許有些許錯(cuò)誤；
4.有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。
大部分考生在句型詞匯及句子連接方面達(dá)不到要求，導(dǎo)致低分。本文以2001年考題為例，談一談如何運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。
2001年考題：
假設(shè)你是李華,你的澳大利亞朋友Dick聽說(shuō)中國(guó)的中小學(xué)正在減輕學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān), 來(lái)信詢問(wèn)有關(guān)情況。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下表提供的信息，寫一封回信，談一談減負(fù)給你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來(lái)的變化。
周末活動(dòng) （減負(fù)前） 周末活動(dòng)：（減負(fù)后）
白天： 上課，做作業(yè) 白天： 餐館博物館，學(xué)習(xí)電腦，繪畫
晚上： 做作業(yè) 晚上： 看資訊，讀書，看報(bào)
就寢時(shí)間： 11：30 就寢時(shí)間： 10：00
注意：
1．詞數(shù)為100左右
2．開頭已為你寫好
3．生詞： 減輕學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)reduce learning load
Dear Dick，
How nice to hear from you again.
當(dāng)年大部分考生只是對(duì)圖表進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，導(dǎo)致文章異常單調(diào)、重復(fù)，分?jǐn)?shù)很不理想。如何才能在簡(jiǎn)單的內(nèi)容上運(yùn)用較復(fù)雜的句型詞匯呢？考生在寫減負(fù)前的情況時(shí)只會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單地寫: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:30. 這無(wú)異于簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)械地翻譯中文！得分可想而知！
其實(shí)考生完全可以使用學(xué)過(guò)的比較復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。例如我們可以使用tooto句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我們也可以使用定語(yǔ)從句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我們還可以使用倒裝句：Not until 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我們甚至還可以使用擬人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework.
由此讀者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就應(yīng)該是有意識(shí)地，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂帽容^復(fù)雜的句型語(yǔ)法和詞匯。讀者應(yīng)先培養(yǎng)這種意識(shí)，然后進(jìn)行大量練習(xí)。下面的練習(xí)重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練的就是句型詞匯和有效連接，請(qǐng)讀者不要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的翻譯，而是通讀上下文，盡量多地使用復(fù)雜多樣的句型詞匯。
根據(jù)2001年考題填空。
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again.
1.過(guò)去______________, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.
2.連接詞______________, nowadays, I have more time做我想做的_______________________________________________________________.
周末變得更加豐富多彩了_________________________________________________________________.
3.白天___________________________, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫____________________________________________________.
使用擬人句_________________________________________________________________.
4.In the evening,使用eitheror句型_________________________________________________________________.
5.而且________________________________________________, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.
6.發(fā)揮一句I hope __________________________________________________________________.
參考答案：
1．過(guò)去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didnt go to bed until 11:30.
2．連接詞Fortunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加豐富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .
3．白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 學(xué)電腦及繪畫learn computer and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.
使用擬人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.
4.In the evening, 使用eitheror句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.
5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than beforeat ten oclock.
6.發(fā)揮一句I hope things wont have to change in the future/ can become even better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now.
