職稱英語等級考試各重點(diǎn)語法考點(diǎn)解析1

　　職稱英語等級考試各重點(diǎn)語法考點(diǎn)解析1

　　被動語態(tài)

　　語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系.語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態(tài).

　　一、被動語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦

　　被動語態(tài)的概念:

　　不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài).強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài).

　　被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:

　　be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.

　　被動語態(tài)的基本用法:

　　使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題.

　　①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.

　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

　　An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.

　　I was given an interesting book on my birthday.

　　②主動變被動時,賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ);不定式前需加to.

　　The boss made him work all day long.

　　He was made to work all day long

　　③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉尾巴.

　　The children were taken good care of .

　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

　　④情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài), 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞.

　　⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主補(bǔ).用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:

　　People say he is a smart boy.

　　It is said that he is a smart boy.

　　He is said to be a smart boy.

　　People know paper was made in China first.

　　It is known that paper was made in China first.

　　Paper was known to be made in China first.

　　類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that

　　不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況.

　　①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中.

　　②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.

　　③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.

　　④表示希望、意圖的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.

　　⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài).

　　⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài).

　　⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.

　　主動形式表被動意義.

　　①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當(dāng)動詞表示開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動等意義時.

　　This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.

　　These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.

　　My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.

　　The door wont lock.門鎖不上.

　　The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.

　　②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時.

　　The plan worked out successfully.

　　The lamps on the wall turn off.

　　③want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.

　　④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.

　　⑤在be + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.

　　This kind of water isnt fit to drink.

　　The girl isnt easy to get along with.

　　另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.

　　被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.

　　①be seated坐著

　　He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.

　　②be hidden躲藏

　　He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.

　　③be lost迷路

　　④be drunk喝醉

　　⑤be dressed穿著

　　The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

　　被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

　　被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài).如:

　　The book was sold by a certain bookstore.

　　The book is well sold.

　　職稱英語等級考試各重點(diǎn)語法考點(diǎn)解析1

　　被動語態(tài)

　　語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系.語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態(tài);如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態(tài).

　　一、被動語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦

　　被動語態(tài)的概念:

　　不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài).強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài).

　　被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式:

　　be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.

　　被動語態(tài)的基本用法:

　　使用被動語態(tài)時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題.

　　①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.

　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

　　An interesting book was given to meon my birthday.

　　I was given an interesting book on my birthday.

　　②主動變被動時,賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ);不定式前需加to.

　　The boss made him work all day long.

　　He was made to work all day long

　　③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉尾巴.

　　The children were taken good care of .

　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

　　④情態(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動語態(tài), 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞.

　　⑤當(dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主補(bǔ).用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:

　　People say he is a smart boy.

　　It is said that he is a smart boy.

　　He is said to be a smart boy.

　　People know paper was made in China first.

　　It is known that paper was made in China first.

　　Paper was known to be made in China first.

　　類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that

　　不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況.

　　①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中.

　　②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等.

　　③表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等.

　　④表示希望、意圖的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等.

　　⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài).

　　⑥賓語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài).

　　⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當(dāng)主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等.

　　主動形式表被動意義.

　　①當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當(dāng)cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當(dāng)動詞表示開始、結(jié)束、關(guān)、停、轉(zhuǎn)、啟動等意義時.

　　This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗.

　　These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷.

　　My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢.

　　The door wont lock.門鎖不上.

　　The fish smells good.魚聞起來香.

　　②當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定等意思時.

　　The plan worked out successfully.

　　The lamps on the wall turn off.

　　③want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義.

　　④be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義.

　　⑤在be + 形容詞 + to do中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動.

　　This kind of water isnt fit to drink.

　　The girl isnt easy to get along with.

　　另外:be to blame,be to rent也用主動形式表被動.

　　被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況.

　　①be seated坐著

　　He is seated on a bench.坐在凳子上.

　　②be hidden躲藏

　　He was hidden behind the door.他藏在門后.

　　③be lost迷路

　　④be drunk喝醉

　　⑤be dressed穿著

　　The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.

　　被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

　　被動語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài).如:

　　The book was sold by a certain bookstore.

　　The book is well sold.